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This paper aims to detail the reactive flow simulations of a LOX/CH4 multi-element rocket engine. The work has been conducted within the framework of the HYPROB-BREAD project whose main objective is the design, manufacture and testing of a LOX/LCH4 regeneratively cooled ground demonstrator.

Numerical simulations have been carried out with both commercial software and CIRA software developed in house. Two sets of boundary conditions, nominal and experimental, have been applied from which a code-to-code validation has been effected with the former and a code-to-experiment validation with the latter.

The results presented include both flow data and heat fluxes as well as parameters associated with engine performance, and indicate an excellent agreement with experimental data of a LOX/CH4 multi-element rocket engine.

The research is unique as the CIRA code Numerical Experimental Tool (NExT) has been validated with the commercial software FLUENT as well as with experimental values from the firing of the LOX/CH4 rocket engine demonstrator.

The new frontier: Go East, young man. Go East. Searching for business opportunities in Eastern Europe. In the March issue of The Intelligent Enterprise, John Ainslie predicts that the 90s will be a decade of disaster for the new democracies of Eastern Europe. The fledgling governments could be hit by up to 50 million Soviet economic refugees, according to Czech President Vaclav Havel, and Ainslie wonders if their fragile economies will be able to handle the strain.

Publishing and printing have travelled a very long way in the last 150 years. There had been no basic changes in the working of the printing press between its first inception and the early nineteenth century. In those days each letter was both cast and set by hand. The maximum speed of an expert founder was about six letters per minute. This works out at more than half a day's work for a page.

States that community development has been promoted as a process, a method, a programme, a movement and a paradigm, but that efforts at definition tend to divert attention from the key concern in this field: what kinds of organizations are most effective in actually doing community development? Posits that the main determinants of what is done in society today are laid down by governments and large corporations; these organizations cannot give people a sense of identity and purpose beyond the job and the daily round of work. Proposes that mediating structures can do so. Reveals that these are organizations which stand between the individuals and the larger entities of society. Examines, using Cape Breton Island as context, a potential role for the university as a mediating structure in community development.

This study investigates whether broad-based employee ownership (BBEO), in isolation and in conjunction with cash profit sharing (CPS), can enhance labor productivity in family firms over nonfamily firms.

Hypothesis testing was conducted using cross-sectional time-series regression with a matched sample of 393 family and nonfamily firms listed on the US S&P 500 over a five-year timeframe.

Overall, the findings indicate that BBEO does not increase labor productivity more in family firms compared to nonfamily firms in the short term; however, BBEO does enable family firms to experience greater labor productivity relative to nonfamily firms beyond the short term. Moreover, when BBEO is combined with CPS, labor productivity improves more for family firms than nonfamily firms both in the short term and beyond.

While prior studies have relied largely on agency theory, this study contributes to the literature on family firms and employee incentives by being amongst the first to draw upon temporal motivation theory to distinguish between family and nonfamily firms regarding the incentive effect of BBEO on labor productivity.

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it brings forth a methodology of “traces” for organizational ethnography of the shadow, also understood as the realm of the repressed. Second, it highlights the emotional disconnect that organizational ethnographers encounter in traumatized communities and provides suggestions to bridge them.

The paper – drawing on autoethnography – incorporates the author’s fieldwork experiences conducted with market women in postconflict Monrovia, Liberia. In the tradition of “confessional tales,” it includes vignettes from fieldnotes and in-depth qualitative interviews.

The paper highlights three types of traces for research on the shadow: memorial, interactional, and material.

The paper is important because it provides a methodology to recover information pertaining to the organizational shadow, where silence, absence, and suppression dominate. It extends existing literature focused on visuality to consider alternative and holistic epistemologies in line with African worldviews.

This paper will help practitioners working with traumatized communities as it suggests the use of memory as a more indirect route to recover information rather than direct questioning.

The paper juxtaposes poignant stories with academic prose and is valuable in terms of content and form. First, it addresses the topics of emotion and discomfort, seldom incorporated in organization studies. Second, it is valuable to scholars wishing to experiment with more intuitive forms of writing.

In the Annual Report of the General Purposes Committee of the Middlesex County Council for the year ending March 31, 1909, it is stated that inquiries were made as to the action taken under the Dairies, Cowsheds, and Milkshops Orders of 1885 and 1899 by the thirty‐six district councils in the county, the object of such action being the detection of cows suffering from tuberculosis of the udder. It might be thought that by this time the necessity for putting these orders into force had been thoroughly proved. The Royal Commission on Tuberculosis made a definite statement to the effect that milk derived from tuberculous cattle is one of the principal causes of tubercular disease in the human subject, and, apparently there seems to be some disposition on the part of local authorities to make tuberculosis notifiable. The Public Health (Tuberculosis) Regulations, 1908, which came into force at the beginning of 1909, require that all cases of pulmonary tuberculosis are to be notified to the sanitary authority if the patients are receiving treatment from the Poor Law medical officers. Large sums are spent every year throughout the country on the upkeep of sanatoria with the object of curing cases of tubercle, if possible, but, in any case, of alleviating the sufferings of those afflicted with tuberculosis. On all sides, in fact, it is now recognised that the most energetic measures are necessary in order to combat this terrible disease. It appears from the figures given in the Report referred to that in twenty‐three out of the thirty‐six districts. “No veterinary examinations of cows were made on behalf of the local authorities!” The statement is not made the subject of comment, but we hardly think that the county authorities can regard the results of their enquiry as satisfactory. The Report was apparently presented to the County Council on July 22 last, so that up to that time, at least, it would seem that these twenty‐three districts, in a county with about one million inhabitants, are governed, so far as sanitary matters go, by people who consider themselves qualified to hold opinions diametrically opposed to those held by experts and based on the best scientific evidence at present available.

Given the increased significance and rapid growth of an ageing population, this review paper aims to define the mature consumer segment chronologically to resolve definitional inconsistencies found in prior marketing communications literature, identify the current state of the marketing communications field in terms of mature consumer research and highlight future research directions on mature consumers for marketing communications academics and practitioners.

A synthesis of existing marketing communication research on mature consumers (those aged 50+), published in top-tier journals since 1972, is provided. In total, 106 papers were identified in 21 marketing journals.

Three existing research themes were identified: market segmentation of mature consumers (we ground this theme in three inter-related facets: chronological age, health [physical and neurological] and self-perception of age [also referred to as cognitive age]); attitudes and behaviours of mature consumers; and marketing to mature consumers. This paper also proposes several future research themes: further definition of mature consumers and widening the scope of examination; segmenting mature consumers to account for heterogeneity; information processing of mature consumers cannot use a one-size-fits-all approach; the influence of marketing mix elements on mature consumers; and alternative methodologies to better understand mature consumers.

Recognising the heterogeneity within the chronologically based mature consumer segment, this paper proposes an extended mature consumer definition which includes biological, psychological and social dimensions, as well as life events and life circumstances, rather than biological age alone.

In practical terms, understanding information processing of mature consumers cannot use a one-size-fits-all approach and marketing mix elements may affect behaviour differently within this segment. This will require alternative methodologies to understand these processes fully.

This synthesis of mature consumers research within the marketing communications field provides key research questions for future research to better understand this market segment and its implications for marketing communications, theory development and practice.

DR DONALD URQUHART, Director‐General of the British Library Lending Division, is to receive an honorary doctorate of science from the University of Sheffield on July 20. In a sense, a bar to the medal, since Urquhart already has one doctorate from the same university.

Edinburgh has been so “well spoken of” by travellers that her citizens, lulled by the homage, have not always cared to enrich Nature's endowment of her, or even to follow her eighteenth century town planners adventurously, in their stride. Despite bungaltowns and tenement blocks of sullen demeanour, she still is a city of much beauty, with more character than charm. Indeed her charm is fitful and fleeting. On a day of sunny and breezy sparkle her grim grey and black stones are lighted with retiring pastel colours; and how often, early on winter evenings, in wind or before rain, have I paused under the Black Watch Highlander on the Mound to gaze on a jewelled city of long files and festoons of light. Then her beauty is plain to the dullest observer.