Index

Creating a Sustainable Competitive Position: Ethical Challenges for International Firms

ISBN: 978-1-80455-252-0, eISBN: 978-1-80455-249-0

ISSN: 1876-066X

Publication date: 2 October 2023

This content is currently only available as a PDF

Citation

(2023), "Index", Ghauri, P.N., Elg, U. and Hånell, S.M. (Ed.) Creating a Sustainable Competitive Position: Ethical Challenges for International Firms (International Business and Management, Vol. 37), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 251-261. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1876-066X20230000037014

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2023 Pervez N. Ghauri, Ulf Elg and Sara Melén Hånell

License

This work is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of these works (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode.


INDEX

Action, Collaboration, Transformation (ACT)
, 81

Africa
, 187, 201

Agenda 2030
, 60, 76

Alignment
, 22–23

Alliance for Beverage Cartons and the Environment (ACE)
, 143

Alpa (Swedish company)
, 85

American Marketing Association (AMA)
, 34

Apple
, 77, 85

Audit-based governance strategy
, 202

Authentic approach
, 97

Aware™
, 47

B2B Textiles

circular economy and textile recirculation from technical perspective
, 41–43

ethical challenges in marketing textiles
, 38–39

ethical challenges related to current production and consumption patterns
, 37

managerial implications
, 51–53

managing circular economy value chain
, 43–46

Schijvens’ response to ethical challenges in marketing corporate fashion
, 46–50

Bangladesh
, 102–103

H&M and water management in
, 120–122

whole environment agenda really challenging in
, 103–104

Biogas
, 41

Biological nutrients
, 40–41

Biomass
, 200

Blending
, 158

Bohinj ECo Hotel
, 82–83

Bonsucro
, 140

Bottom-level stakeholders
, 99

Brand commitment
, 223, 227

Brundtland Commission Report
, 130

Business (es)
, 37, 69, 133

continuity concept
, 211

finance
, 146–147

governance
, 144–145

networks
, 142–144

ownership
, 145–146

paradigms
, 61

purpose
, 141

redesigning business pillars
, 141

sustainability
, 155

Buyer–seller relationships in global markets
, 155

Carbon neutrality
, 181

Carbon Trust certification
, 143

Carbon Trust-certified carbon neutral Tetra Rex line of packaging
, 140

Case study
, 99, 105

approach
, 136

of competing institutional logics
, 158

of international firms
, 159

Certificate of Authenticity
, 48, 51

Chemicals
, 207

recycling
, 42

Children Safe Zones
, 22

Chinese suppliers
, 168

Circular business models
, 182

Circular economy (CE)
, 6, 35, 39, 179, 199, 201

business model
, 181, 192

managing circular economy value chain
, 43–46

practices
, 183–185

principles
, 34–35, 37, 43, 48, 53, 180

system
, 183

from technical perspective
, 41–43

Circular supply chains
, 44

Circular value chain
, 44

Clean energy
, 69

Climate change
, 119

Climate strategy
, 104

Closed-loop production process
, 51

Closed-loop supply chains (CLSC)
, 202, 204

Coca Cola
, 123

Collaborative dynamics
, 202

Collaborative relationships
, 210

Company strategies
, 29

Competing institutional logics in global markets towards sustainability, case study of
, 159–161

Competing logics
, 155, 163, 167

Competitive advantage
, 60, 79, 238–239

de-growth lead to
, 83–85

Competitive position
, 2

international firms driving sustainable and ethical business practices
, 2–3

structural and cultural variations between markets
, 3

Consumers
, 154

Convenience sampling method
, 226

Conventional supply chains
, 51

Conventional textile industry
, 38

Cooperative advantage, de-growth strategies for
, 84–85

Cooperative stakeholder networks
, 45

Corporate crisis team (CCT)
, 211

Corporate Environment Director
, 210

Corporate fashion, Schijvens response to ethical challenges in marketing
, 46–50

Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
, 78, 94

Corporate strategy
, 2, 13

Corporate Sustainable Reporting Directive (CSRD)
, 240, 242, 245

Corporate To Do List
, 133, 135, 138–139

COVID-19 pandemic
, 29, 206

Credibility
, 18–19

Dairy processing
, 140

Decision process
, 192

Decision-making process
, 145, 203

Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1998)
, 199

Deep decarbonization of economy
, 239

De–growth

de-growth-adapted product design
, 84

de-growth-oriented standard setting
, 85

lead to competitive advantage
, 83

strategies for competitive and cooperative advantage
, 84–85

Design for X
, 182

Design process
, 40

Dishwasher
, 24

Do-it-yourself (DIY)
, 160

Doing Mission Zero
, 139, 141

Doughnut economics
, 130, 133–135

Doughnut Economics Action Lab (DEAL)
, 133

Dunkin
, 65

E-commerce context, relationships in
, 222

Eco-design approach
, 210

Education
, 50

Electronics industry
, 200

Embedded sustainability
, 82–83

Emerging markets
, 60

context
, 94

settings
, 95

Empirical data
, 14

Empirical material
, 161

Energy-consuming process
, 42

Environment, health and safety (EHS)
, 209

Environmental, social and governance (ESG)
, 4, 29

Environmental sustainability
, 22, 78

Environmental-related issues
, 201

Ericsson (company)
, 23

Ericsson case, The
, 26

Ethical behavior
, 2, 7

importance of international firms for achieving sustainability goals
, 3–7

sustainability and competitive position
, 2–3

Ethical business practices, international firms driving sustainable and
, 2–3

Ethical challenges in marketing textiles
, 38–39

Ethical challenges related to current production and consumption patterns
, 37

Ethical leadership
, 112, 115

challenge of water management in readymade garment production
, 119–120

conceptual framework
, 116–117

data collection and analysis
, 118–119

ethics and sustainable development in MNEs
, 113–115

findings
, 119

H&M and Water Management in Bangladesh
, 120–122

H&M as water steward
, 122–123

method
, 117

theoretical background
, 113

Ethics in MNEs
, 113–115

EU Green Deal, The
, 181, 239

EU with the Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)
, 238

European Green Deal, The
, 238

European organizations
, 76

European Semiconductor Industry Association (ESIA)
, 210

European Union (EU)

CE Action Plan
, 181

challenges for
, 241–242

CSRD and Taxonomy
, 240–241

mapping and reporting of sustainability risk among listed firms and investors in Sweden
, 243

survey design
, 243

survey results
, 243–246

Sustainable Finance Platform
, 238–239

Taxonomy on Sustainable Development
, 240

Extended value chain, sustainability of
, 208–211

External organizations
, 142

Fair Wage project
, 81

Fair Wear Foundation
, 48

Fairphone
, 85

Fashion industry
, 186

Fashion retailer
, 160

Fast-fashion companies
, 101

Finance
, 146–147

Financial firms
, 243

Financial investors
, 154

Firms
, 181, 247

infrastructure
, 45

sustainability strategy
, 243

Flygskam
, 85

Focus group analysis
, 229

Food waste
, 61, 64

crisis
, 64–65

Foreign direct investment (FDI)
, 198

Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)
, 18

Forest Stewardship Council-certified carton (FSC-certified carton)
, 140

Fossil fuels
, 200

Fridays for Future
, 76

Frugal production techniques
, 192–193

Gama (Turkish textile company)
, 48

Gases
, 207

Global consumers
, 220–221

sustainable orientation
, 221

Global corporations
, 60, 63, 67–69

food waste crisis
, 64–65

global waste crisis
, 62–64

innovations to tackle waste crisis
, 67–70

plastic waste crisis
, 65–67

Global fashion company
, 105, 108

Global fashion retailer aiming to become climate positive
, 101–102

Global institutional logic
, 167

Global markets
, 167

case study of competing institutional logics in global markets towards sustainability
, 159–161

competing logics for sustainability in
, 156–157

contesting global market practices towards sustainability with institutional logics navigation
, 164–167

navigating competing institutional logics in global markets towards sustainability
, 161–167

supporting global market practices towards sustainability with institutional logics navigation
, 161–164

sustainability values in
, 155–156

Global multinationals
, 76

Global municipal solid waste
, 63

Global Partnership for Sustainable Development
, 202

Global Reporting Initiative’s sustainability reporting guidelines
, 239

Global stakeholders, need to engage
, 104–105

Global sustainability
, 15, 167

approach
, 15, 17

building attractive cases
, 21–22

contributions
, 3–6, 26–29

creating alignment
, 22–23

developing internal support
, 15

establishing legitimate sustainability network position
, 18–21

establishing long-term salient structures
, 24

establishing sustainable practices
, 16–18

monitoring and safeguarding sustainability achievements
, 25

presenting incentives and gains lead to action
, 21

relevance for organization
, 15–16

relevance for SDGs
, 29–30

research method
, 13–15

resistance and inertia
, 23–24

structures and processes for further development
, 25

Global textile industry
, 34, 38

Global value chains (GVCs)
, 4, 198–199, 200–204

Global waste crisis
, 62–64

Governance
, 144–145, 147

Governments
, 2

Grassroots movements
, 76

Green Deal, The
, 239

Green-washing
, 240

Greenhouse Gas Protocols
, 139

Greenpeace
, 18

Hennes & Mauritz (H&M)
, 3, 15, 19, 24, 76–77, 79–82, 112, 117, 119

in Bangladesh
, 120–122

Conscious Actions Sustainability Report
, 120

Group
, 120–121

sustainable solutions
, 81

as water steward
, 122–123

Home improvement retailer
, 160

IKEA
, 13–14, 16–17, 19, 21, 77, 85, 137–139, 141–142, 144, 147

People and Planet Positive strategy report
, 138

sustainability strategy
, 139

urban farming initiative
, 145

Incident Review Board
, 25

Incremental reductionist approach
, 53

IndustriALL
, 81

Industry
, 205

building resilience against uncertainty in semiconductor industry
, 206

semiconductors and sustainability
, 205–206

Inertia
, 23–24

Influential theories
, 222

Informal sectors
, 63

INGKA group
, 143

Ingka group
, 146

Innovations
, 44

process
, 144, 247

waste capitalization through
, 69–70

Institutional logics
, 154, 156, 163

approach
, 155

case study of competing institutional logics in global markets towards sustainability
, 159–161

competing logics for sustainability in global markets
, 156–157

contesting global market practices towards sustainability with institutional logics navigation
, 164–167

dissonance
, 157

literature review
, 155

navigating competing institutional logics in global markets towards sustainability
, 161

navigation techniques among competing institutional logics towards sustainability
, 157–158

outcomes of navigation among competing institutional logics
, 167–168

supporting global market practices towards sustainability with institutional logics navigation
, 161–164

sustainability values in global markets
, 155–156

theoretical perspective
, 158

Institutions
, 203

Intentional marketing design approach
, 34

Inter IKEA group
, 146

Interinstitutional system
, 156

International business (IB)
, 2, 113

contexts
, 62

literature
, 95

researchers
, 202

International dimension
, 156

International firms
, 2, 154

contributions to global sustainability goals
, 3–6

driving sustainable and ethical business practices
, 2–3

importance of international firms for achieving sustainability goals
, 3

importance of small and large international firms
, 6–7

International Labour Organization (ILO)
, 16, 201

International online brands

analysis
, 229–231

limitations and future research suggestions
, 232–233

managerial implications
, 232

pre-study
, 225

quantitative data collection project
, 226–227

relationships in e-commerce context
, 222

research methods and results
, 225

results from main study
, 228–229

sustainability orientation
, 222–224

theoretical background and hypothesis development
, 222

theoretical implications
, 231

validity
, 227–228

International online business models
, 220

International platforms
, 18

International production networks
, 202

Internet, The
, 220

Internet of Things (IoT)
, 207

Isomorphic process
, 170

Landfilling
, 62

Large corporations
, 67

Learning process
, 116

LED-lighting
, 24

Legitimacy
, 18–19

Legitimate sustainability network position

credibility and legitimacy
, 18–19

establishing
, 18

stakeholder relationships for sustainability
, 20–21

Lego
, 77, 85

Linear systems
, 62

LISREL analysis
, 227

Local communities
, 192

Local Motors
, 85

Local stakeholders
, 114

need to engage
, 104–105

Logics for sustainability in global markets, competing
, 156–157

Lund University
, 136–137

Manufacturing process
, 189

Marketing

approach
, 53

ethical challenges in marketing textiles
, 38–39

research field
, 222

response to tackle ethical challenges in marketing management
, 39

scholars
, 223

Markets (see also Global markets)

market-positioning strategies
, 154

structural and cultural variations between
, 3

values
, 154

Materiality exercise
, 209

Materiality matrix
, 209

McCafe
, 65

Mechanical recycling process
, 42

Metals
, 200

Milestone-based approach
, 144

Milk project
, 27–28

Minerals
, 200

Mobile manufacturers
, 85

Model’s reliability
, 228

Multi-level approach
, 132

Multinational enterprises (MNE)
, 3, 12, 16, 19, 29, 94, 77, 101, 105, 108, 112, 130–133, 198

ethics and sustainable development in
, 113–115

internal organization
, 24

largest production markets for
, 102–103

MNE-led sustainability efforts
, 131

sustainability approaches
, 78

Multinationals
, 113

analysis
, 105

Bangladesh
, 102–103

data collection and analysis
, 99–101

empirical findings
, 101

global fashion retailer aiming to become climate positive
, 101–102

goal
, 102

implications
, 107–108

method
, 99

need to engage local and global stakeholders
, 104–105

proactive CSR approach
, 105

with proactive CSR approach
, 95

proactive CSR approach
, 96–99

strategic-oriented or Stakeholder-oriented Practices
, 106–107

theoretical framework
, 95

whole environment agenda really challenging in Bangladesh
, 103–104

Multiple logics
, 156

Narrative analysis techniques
, 100

NasdaqOMX stock exchange
, 243

Natural fibres
, 42

Natural gas
, 103

Natural resources
, 200

Navigation techniques
, 164, 167

among competing institutional logics towards sustainability
, 157–158

approach
, 161

of blending
, 158, 165

of replacement
, 166

Neon
, 206

Networks
, 142–144

NextGenerationEU
, 238

Nike
, 85

Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD)
, 240

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
, 2, 19, 21, 97

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
, 199

NVIVO 12 software package
, 78

Operation National Sword
, 63

Organic waste
, 62

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
, 60

Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises
, 239

Organizational fields
, 157, 167

Our Strategy 2030
, 140

Ownership
, 145–146

Palladium
, 206

Panafrica
, 186

committed brand
, 188–192

contextual factors
, 181–182

creation on brand
, 187

literature review
, 181

managerial capabilities and practices
, 182–183

methodology
, 185–186

practical implications
, 193

SMEs and CE practices
, 183–185

theoretical contributions
, 192–193

Paradoxical environments
, 167

Paris agreement
, 16

Paris Climate Agreement
, 238

Patagonia (company)
, 85

People, Planet, Perception and Profit (4P)
, 144

People’s Republic of China
, 163

Personal protection equipment (PPE)
, 66

Physical risks
, 242

Pillars of Business
, 141

Plant-based polymer packaging
, 146

Plastic waste
, 69

crisis
, 65–67

Plastic-producing corporations
, 67

Plastics crisis
, 66

Porter’s linear value chain model
, 44

Porter’s value chain approach
, 35

Poverty alleviation
, 19

Primary data
, 100, 118

Prioritization process
, 209

Proactive CSR

approaches
, 96–99, 105

practices
, 95, 99

Procurement
, 44

Product-service systems
, 183

Production process
, 186

Prototypes
, 189

Purchase intention
, 227

Purpose
, 141–142

Qualitative case studies
, 14, 117

Quantitative data collection project
, 226–227

R-strategies
, 47, 51

Rana Plaza disaster
, 38

Range Upgrading Program
, 26

Re-cycle-box
, 47

Re-cycle-rolcontainer
, 47

Reactive approach
, 95

Reactive CSR approach
, 94, 106

Readymade garment production, challenge of water management in
, 119–120

Recycling
, 189

activities
, 63

materials
, 48

Redistribution mechanisms
, 156

Regenerative business models
, 133

Relational exchange approach
, 232

Relationship-oriented researchers
, 222

Remapping
, 52

Resilience
, 202–204

building resilience against uncertainty in semiconductor industry
, 206

synergy
, 211–213

Resilience management system (RMS)
, 211

Resistance
, 23–24

Responsible business alliance (RBA)
, 208

Responsible Supply Chain
, 208

Retriever Business database
, 100, 118

Samsung
, 85

SBTi
, 142

Schijvens (Dutch company)
, 37

Corporate Fashion
, 46–47

response to ethical challenges in marketing corporate fashion
, 46–50

Scholars
, 36

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
, 210

Science-Based Targets initiative (SBTi)
, 140–141

Secondary data sources
, 100

Secondary markets
, 65

Semiconductor

building resilience against uncertainty in semiconductor industry
, 206

industry
, 206

manufacturing process
, 207

Silicon
, 207

Single in-depth case studies
, 185

Single-stream systems
, 63

Small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
, 6, 76, 192 (see also Multinational enterprises (MNE))

practices
, 183–185

Social license
, 4

Social movement organizations
, 160

Social sustainability
, 78, 200

logic
, 163

perspective
, 202

social sustainability-related issues
, 201

Society
, 2

Socio-technical regime
, 132

Stakeholders
, 2–3, 78, 82

CSR approach
, 97, 99, 107–108

involvement
, 96–97

relationships for sustainability
, 20–21

stakeholder-oriented practices
, 106–107

Starbucks
, 65

Start-up
, 189

STMicroelectronics (ST)
, 200

case of
, 204

GVCs, sustainability and resilience
, 202–204

GVCs and sustainability
, 200–202

industry
, 205–206

overview of company
, 206–207

sustainability of extended value chain
, 208–211

value chain
, 207–208

Strategic CSR approach
, 96, 106

Strategic-oriented practices
, 106–107

Subcontractors
, 200

Supply chain
, 20

Sustainability
, 2, 21, 34, 36, 50, 60, 76, 145, 154, 156, 170, 200–206

approach
, 35

Bohinj ECo Hotel
, 82–83

building capability for sustainability
, 209–211

case study of competing institutional logics in global markets towards
, 159–161

competing logics for sustainability in global markets
, 156–157

contesting global market practices towards sustainability with institutional logics navigation
, 164–167

de-growth lead to competitive advantage
, 83–85

demands
, 168

of extended value chain
, 208

goals setting
, 209

H&M
, 79–82

importance of international firms for achieving sustainability goals
, 3–7

international firms driving sustainable and ethical business practices
, 2–3

mapping and reporting of sustainability risk among listed firms and investors in Sweden
, 243–246

method
, 77–78

navigating competing institutional logics in global markets towards
, 161–167

navigation techniques among competing institutional logics towards
, 157–158

orientation
, 222–224, 226

practices
, 94, 96

and resilience synergy
, 211–213

as source of sustainable advantage
, 85–88

stakeholder relationships for
, 20–21

strategy
, 13, 140, 209, 244

structural and cultural variations between markets
, 3

supporting global market practices towards sustainability with institutional logics navigation
, 161–164

sustainability as source of competitive advantage
, 78

sustainability-orientated consumption
, 222

sustainability-oriented consumers
, 221–222, 226

values in global markets
, 155–156

Sustainable advantage, sustainability as source of
, 85–88

Sustainable Apparel Coalition
, 25

Sustainable approach
, 189

Sustainable Brand Index, The
, 137

Sustainable competitive advantage
, 79, 86–87

Sustainable de-growth
, 83

Sustainable development
, 130, 155, 181

in MNEs
, 113–115

Sustainable development concept
, 76, 155

Sustainable Finance Platform
, 240–241

Sustainable innovations
, 132

conceptual framework
, 135–136

data analysis
, 138

doughnut economics
, 133–135

findings
, 138

innovation for sustainable development
, 131–133

mapping corporate to do list
, 138–141

methodology
, 136

redesigning business pillars
, 141–147

theoretical background
, 131

Sustainable orientation
, 223

Sustainable product
, 24

Sustainable solutions via collaboration
, 81–82

Sustainable strategy
, 12, 130

Sustainable supply chain management
, 165

Sustainable transformation
, 135

Sweden, mapping and reporting of sustainability risk among listed firms and investors in
, 243–246

Swedish entrepreneurs
, 145

Swedish firms
, 7, 243

Swedish MNEs
, 13, 137

Swedish multinationals
, 131

conceptual framework
, 135–136

data analysis
, 138

doughnut economics
, 133–135

findings
, 138

innovation for sustainable development
, 131–133

mapping corporate to do list
, 138–141

methodology
, 136

redesigning business pillars
, 141–147

theoretical background
, 131

Swedish organization
, 14

Synthetic fibres
, 42

Take-back systems
, 183

Taskforce on Climate–Related Financial Disclosures
, 239

Taxonomy
, 240

Teams
, 100

Technical cycles
, 41

Technical nutrients
, 40

Technology
, 44

Tesla (automobile company)
, 85

Tetra Laval Group
, 14, 146

Tetra Pak
, 14, 27, 137, 141–143, 145–146

in Brazil
, 23

case
, 22, 24

interviewee
, 143

mission
, 140

packaging
, 140

Textile industry
, 187

Textile recirculation from technical perspective
, 41–43

Theoretical sampling strategy
, 99

Traditional CSR marketing strategies
, 35

Transaction cost theory
, 222

Transformation
, 239

Transition risks
, 242

U.S. Department of Labor
, 201

UFS (Dutch-owned company)
, 48

Uncertainty in semiconductor industry, building resilience against
, 206

United Nations (UN)
, 76

Brundtland Commission
, 34

Global Compact
, 16, 208

Global Impact initiative
, 155

Sustainable Development Summit
, 200

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
, 198

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
, 104

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs)
, 3–7, 12, 60, 76, 112–114, 116, 137, 179–180, 241

pursuit of
, 113

relevance for
, 29–30

United States Securities and Exchange Commission
, 204

US Department of Labor
, 205

USA–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA)
, 199

Validity
, 227–228

Value
, 191

creation process
, 182

value-chain repositioning
, 85

Virtue ethics
, 116

Walmart
, 85

Waste
, 60, 64

capitalization through innovations
, 69–70

Waste crisis

innovations to tackle
, 67

rethinking global innovation approaches
, 67–69

waste capitalization through innovations
, 69–70

Waste management
, 62

efficiencies
, 60

Water
, 120

challenge of water management in readymade garment production
, 119–120

H&M as water steward
, 122–123

malpractices
, 121

management in Bangladesh
, 120–122

stewardship mission
, 122

stewardship strategy
, 121

water-related goals
, 122

Western companies
, 167

Wishcycling
, 63

World Economic Forum
, 18

World Wildlife Foundation (WWF)
, 18, 120–121

Zoom
, 100