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Red tourism in China: emotional experiences, national identity and behavioural intentions

Jinwei Wang (School of Tourism Sciences, Beijing International Studies University, Beijing, China; Research Center for Beijing Tourism Development, Beijing, China and Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China)
Jie Sun (School of Tourism Sciences, Beijing International Studies University, Beijing, China)
Guoquan Wang (College of Tourism and Service Management, Nankai University, Tianjin, China)
Li Yang (College of History, Culture and Tourism, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, China)
Yijie Zhang (School of Tourism Sciences, Beijing International Studies University, Beijing, China)
Alastair M. Morrison (School of Management and Marketing, Greenwich Business School, University of Greenwich, London, UK)

Tourism Review

ISSN: 1660-5373

Article publication date: 13 March 2023

Issue publication date: 11 July 2023

1467

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to examine the empirical linkages among emotional experiences, national identity and behavioural intentions for red tourism in China.

Design/methodology/approach

Partial least squares structural equation modelling was applied to data from two rounds of surveys of 1,095 on-site visitors to Zunyi and Yan’an, two well-known red tourism cities in China.

Findings

Emotional experiences significantly affect national identity, with positive emotions significantly affecting national identity. Positive emotions also significantly influenced behavioural intentions, national identity positively influenced behavioural intentions and national pride mediated the relationship of “positive emotion → behavioural intentions”. In addition, previous experience played a moderating role in the relationship of “positive emotion → national pride”.

Originality/value

This research produced new insights on red tourism emotional experiences by clarifying its types, connotations and influences. It contributes to a better understanding of national identity antecedents and outcomes in red tourism. Findings revealed the significant role of red tourism in cultivating national identity and provide implications for academic research and practical development of red tourism.

研究目的

本研究旨在考察中国红色旅游者的情绪体验、国家认同和行为意向之间的影响关系及其作用机制。

研究设计/方法论/研究方法

采用偏最小二乘法结构方程模型(PLS-SEM), 对来自中国红色旅游圣地——遵义和延安的1095名现场游客的问卷调查数据进行了统计分析。

研究发现

情绪体验对国家认同会产生显著影响。其中, 积极情感会显著正向影响国家认同。同时, 积极情感也会对行为意向产生显著正向影响。此外, 国家认同对行为意向具有积极影响, 且国家自豪感在“积极情感→行为意图”的影响关系中充当中介作用。最后, 研究还发现旅游经历在“积极情感→国家自豪感”的影响关系中具有显著的调节作用。

独创性/价值

本研究通过阐明红色旅游情绪体验的类型、内涵及其影响关系, 为深入理解红色旅游情绪体验提供了一个全新的视角。同时, 文章还进一步厘清了红色旅游情境中国家认同感的形成前因和影响结果的作用机理。研究结论揭示了红色旅游在培育国家认同感方面的重要价值, 并为红色旅游的学术研究和实践发展提供了重要启示。

Propósito

Esta investigación examinó los vínculos empíricos entre las experiencias emocionales, la identidad nacional y las intenciones de comportamiento para del turismo rojo en China.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

Se aplicó el análisis de ecuaciones estructurales basado en mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS - SEM) a los datos recogidos mediante dos rondas de encuestas realizadasa 1.095 visitantes in situ en Zunyi y Yan'an, dos conocidas ciudades de turismo rojo de China.

Hallazgos

Las experiencias emocionales afectan significativamente a la identidad nacional, y las emociones positivas influyen significativamente en la identidad nacional. Las emociones positivas también influyeron significativamente en las intenciones de comportamiento; la identidad nacional influyó positivamente en las intenciones de comportamiento y el orgullo nacional medió la relación “emoción positiva → intenciones de comportamiento”. Además, la experiencia previa desempeñó un papel moderador en la relación “emoción positiva → orgullo nacional”.

Originalidad/valor

Esta investigación aportó nuevos hallazgos sobre las experiencias emocionales del turismo rojo al aclarar sus tipos, connotaciones e influencias. Contribuye a una mejor comprensión de los antecedentes y resultados de la identidad nacional en el turismo rojo. Los resultados de la investigación revelan el importante papel del turismo rojo en el cultivo de la identidad nacional y ofrecen implicaciones para la investigación académica y el desarrollo práctico del turismo rojo.

Keywords

Acknowledgements

Funding: This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41701168); Excellent Young Talents Program of Beijing International Studies University (No. BJTD22A002); and Key Research Base Project of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education of China (No. 21KRIZYYB03).Author contribution: (a) Jinwei Wang: Conception or design of the work, Drafting the article, Data collection, Critical revision of the article, Final approval of the version to be published, (b) Jie Sun: Drafting the article, Critical revision of the article, (c) Guoquan Wang: Data analysis and interpretation, Drafting the article, Critical revision of the article, (d) Li Yang: Data collection, Drafting the article, (e) Yijie Zhang: Conception or design of the work and (f) Alastair M. Morrison: Critical revision of the article.

Citation

Wang, J., Sun, J., Wang, G., Yang, L., Zhang, Y. and Morrison, A.M. (2023), "Red tourism in China: emotional experiences, national identity and behavioural intentions", Tourism Review, Vol. 78 No. 4, pp. 1037-1059. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-09-2022-0440

Publisher

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Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited

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