Index
Stem-Professional Women’s Exclusion in the Canadian Space Industry
ISBN: 978-1-78769-570-2, eISBN: 978-1-78769-569-6
ISSN: 2059-6561
Publication date: 21 January 2019
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2019), "Index", Stem-Professional Women’s Exclusion in the Canadian Space Industry (Critical Management Studies), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 265-280. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2059-65612019011
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Academic literature, engineering and science, 37–40
Accommodation, 42, 102, 222, 242
Accusation, 100–101, 233
and confession, 14–15, 67, 71, 73, 78, 79
Adaptability, 170, 206, 237
Adjustment and adaptation, 60
Aerospace, 3, 28, 150, 163, 166, 179, 196, 248, 251
Alouette I, 2, 11, 31, 33–34
Anchor points
attributed, 6, 9, 15, 18, 61, 70, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 132–133, 135, 137, 138–139, 142, 145, 148, 149, 153, 154, 155, 161, 167, 168. 182, 187, 193, 202–204, 206, 207–208, 210, 211, 213–214, 215, 216–224, 233–238, 240–242, 257–258
‘The Bitch’, 134, 135, 155, 161, 202–204, 210, 234, 235, 236, 237, 240, 258
concept, 5, 14, 18, 51, 67–68, 71–72, 74, 76, 77–79, 256–257
‘Control Engineer’, 140–141, 155, 172, 209–210, 212, 234, 237–238, 241
‘Elite’, 121–123, 136, 138, 155, 168, 206, 234
ephemeral, 7, 14, 62, 75–76, 132, 138, 207, 233, 238, 240, 256–257
‘Females are More Serious’, 134–135, 155, 161, 167, 202, 204, 234, 237, 240
‘Girl Engineer,’, 151, 156, 187, 220–223, 235
‘Girls Don’t Do Anything’, 151, 153–154, 156, 220–223, 238, 242, 258
‘How can we count on you? You’re a woman, you have kids’, 146, 148–149, 156, 181, 217, 219, 234–235
Identity, 5, 8
Intersectional Feminism, 9, 10–11, 13, 72, 74–76, 114, 239, 256
‘Is she Supposed to be Here?’, 151, 153–154, 156, 187, 220–221, 223, 238, 258
‘The Leader’, 134, 136, 141, 155, 161, 202–205, 234
‘Leader of Harem’, 143, 145, 156, 178, 214, 216, 234, 237
‘The Mommy’, 143, 145, 156, 178, 213–216, 234, 258
‘Not Very Serious’ or ‘You’re so Funny’, 136, 138, 155, 168, 206–209, 234, 236–237
‘The Only Girl’, 120, 136, 138–139, 141, 148, 155, 168–169, 179, 206–207, 209, 214, 234, 236–238, 240
‘On Probation’, 146, 148–149, 156, 182, 217, 242
range of, 5, 9, 15–16, 20, 79, 91, 103, 113–114, 118, 122, 126, 131–156, 159, 168, 201, 206, 209, 214, 217, 224, 233–234, 258
‘The Secretary’, 16, 151, 153, 155, 187, 220, 222, 234, 238
‘Time to Move On’, 140, 141, 156, 172, 209–211, 234, 236, 237, 241
‘You are a [lower level] ENG and you travel?!’, 140–142, 150, 156, 172, 209, 213, 238, 241
‘You’re like a dog… you need to be kept on a leash’, 146, 149–150, 156, 160, 181, 217–220, 234–235, 238, 242
Anti-male sentiment, 101
Anti-woman approach, 39
Arm-wrestling informal rule, 16, 43, 44, 104
Artificial intelligence (AI), 40–41
Autobiographies, 94
Bilingual, 116–118
Bilingualism, 15, 118
Quebecois (masculine)/Quebecoise (feminine), 61–62
Binary(ies), 3, 18, 37, 41, 54, 65, 67, 71–72, 74, 78, 101, 103, 106, 124, 132, 218, 235, 236, 237, 239, 241, 243, 244, 256
Boundaries, 4–5, 17, 27, 30, 44, 58, 107, 125–127, 160, 162, 175, 235–238, 256–257
cisgender-specific ordering, 160
critical sensemaking processes, 107
crossing and re-crossing, 99, 237
day-to-day social interactions, 4, 17, 27
of exclusion, 127, 234
navigating, 235–237
organizational, 162
overstepping, 202–203, 236
of ‘us’ vs ‘them’, 100, 126, 170
Canadian Employment Equity Legislations, 34–36, 41, 92, 102
Canadian Human Rights Act
, 69, 101–102, 186, 197
Canadian military college system, 37
Canadian Space Agency (CSA), 11, 28, 29, 31–32, 34–37
Canadian Space Agency Act, 31
Canadian Space Industry, 3, 5, 9, 10–11, 13, 15, 18–19, 27, 30–33, 37, 40, 45, 51, 53–54, 70, 104, 113–114, 118, 120, 123, 125, 156, 159–197, 201, 206–209, 233, 235, 239, 243, 249–250, 256, 258, 263
forms of context, 159–197
stakeholder map, 32
Capital-cost risks, 29
Career management service, 36
Cause and effect, 213, 238–239
Cell of influence(s), 105–106, 114, 118, 120–121, 126, 159, 162, 164, 166, 168, 172, 175–176, 178, 181, 182, 187, 224, 237
Centrality of identity, 60, 62, 96, 105, 159, 171, 177, 212, 225, 231, 257
Cisgender, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 13–16, 52–53, 61–64, 66–67, 69, 94, 96, 105
ciswomen (and cismen), 39, 53, 179
and ethnicity, 100
feminine-ideal, 39, 91, 98, 125, 179, 181, 195–196, 207, 209, 214–215, 217–218, 237, 242–243
feminine physical appearance, 61
individual, 13
informal rule, 36–37, 40, 44
intersectionality, 73–77, 100–102
labor stratification, 98
masculine-ideal (norms), 30, 37, 38–39, 40, 44, 160, 177, 183, 187, 193–195, 209–210, 214–215, 217, 219, 237, 242
men, 114
occupational stratification, 37, 98
organizational exclusion, 264
practices, 44
standpoint concept, 53, 72
woman, 61
Class, 4, 7–8, 13–14, 18, 38, 52–53, 57, 62, 64, 67, 72–73, 75, 77, 98, 100, 142, 221, 234, 239
Cold War, 3, 4, 34, 166
Colonialism, 65, 92, 98, 103
Complex/complexity, 6, 7, 9, 13, 14, 15, 17, 42, 44, 59, 64–67, 69–71, 73–78, 98, 100–101, 103, 106, 107, 114–115, 118–122, 124, 131–132, 140, 155, 159, 173, 178, 216, 218, 231, 233, 235, 237, 255, 257
Cosmic Ray Section of the National Research Council (NRC), 31
Craft ethic, 38
Critical race theory/studies, 13–14, 63, 73
Critical sensemaking (CSM), 5–6, 8–11, 16–18, 19, 62, 78–79, 91–96, 102, 103–107, 113, 118, 119, 121–122, 124–126, 132, 159, 201, 202, 204–205, 207–208, 209–211, 214, 216, 217, 219–220, 223–224, 233, 235, 238, 243, 247, 256–257, 264
centrality of identity, 96, 105
dual ANTi-History and CSM framework, 96
enactment of the environment, 95
ethnocentric discourses, 96
extracted cues, 95, 107
finding and analyzing, 118–119
framework, 5–6, 17–18
heart-wrenching stories, 96
identity construction, 95, 107, 123
ongoing, 8, 94–95, 105, 107, 212
plausibility, 4, 8, 15–16, 20, 94, 95, 96, 102, 105, 118, 131, 138, 156, 159, 161, 162, 181, 197, 201, 203, 210
processes, 5–6, 8–10, 16–18, 19, 78–79, 95–96, 103–107, 112, 113, 125–126, 159, 201, 204–206, 207–209, 211–213, 215–216, 219–220, 222–224, 235, 238, 257–258
retrospective, 6, 8, 94–95, 107, 121, 125, 132, 137, 166, 204, 209, 220, 249, 251
social, 95
“Cultural blockage” rule, 185, 197, 217–218, 242, 255
Cultural imperialism, 99
Decision-making processes, 29
Defence Research Board (DRB), 31
Defence Research Telecommunications Establishment (DRTE), 31
De Havilland Aircraft Co. (Toronto), 31
Demographics, 10, 11, 14, 19, 33–37, 41, 69, 138, 160, 162–163, 168, 171, 174, 194–195, 205, 223, 248, 253
rule, 33–35, 41, 160, 162–163, 168, 171, 174
Depth of analysis, 68, 71–73
Dialectical force of oppression, 53
Disciplinary processes, 44, 55–56, 58, 78, 235, 246
Discontinuities, 61, 256
Discourses, 4–9, 27, 38, 41–45, 54–59, 61–62, 66–67, 69, 71–76, 78–79, 91–97, 102, 104, 106–107, 114, 121–126, 131–132, 138–139, 142, 146, 151, 155, 160, 162, 167, 172, 177, 187, 203, 206, 208, 213, 216, 219, 223–224, 231, 233–241, 243, 245–247, 256–259, 263–264
autobiographies, 93–94
discursive practices, 12, 15, 59, 74, 77, 79, 92
dominant ideas, 5–6, 9, 10, 12, 16–17, 19–20, 74, 103–107, 113, 119, 121, 126, 156, 159, 161, 167–168, 171–172, 177–178, 181–182, 186–187, 191–197, 201–204, 207, 209, 211, 214–215, 217, 219–220, 222, 224, 231, 233, 235, 237, 240, 242, 257–258, 264
knowledge, technology of, 58–59
myths, 93
narratives, 4–6, 8, 16–17, 19, 30, 42, 60–64, 71, 92–94, 100, 102, 104–105, 114, 115, 119–127, 131–133, 136, 138–139, 141, 144–145, 148, 152, 159–160, 162–164, 166–171, 174, 176, 179, 184, 186, 192, 197, 203–204, 207, 218–219, 234–236, 243–244, 247–252, 254–255, 256
narratives, stories, myths, and sagas, 92–94
political, 71, 74, 104
and power-relations, 61, 78–79
and sensemaking, 92
stories. See Story/stories
Weickian and critical sensemaking, 94–96, 118–119
Discrimination, 7, 13–14, 41, 43, 71, 91–92, 99, 101, 107, 144, 161, 181, 201, 218, 233, 245
marginalization, 7, 14, 63–64, 70–72, 99–100, 103, 257
and oppression, 92
Discursive practices, 12, 15, 59, 74, 77, 79, 92
Diversity, 3, 7, 11, 73, 102, 120, 131, 187–188, 197, 221, 257–258
functional/utilitarian, 68–69
mega diversity discourse, 69
meso-discourse of diversity, 69
Domination, 19, 52–53, 55–56, 71, 96–103, 124, 234, 239, 243, 246–247
contemporary treatments of, 98–99
dividing practices (Foucault), 97–100, 103, 234
scientific classification (Foucault), 97, 99–100, 103, 234
subjectification (Foucault), 97, 99–100, 103, 105, 234
See also Systems of domination processes
Double jeopardy, 63
École Militaire/École Polytechnique, 37
Economic determinism, 52, 72, 258
Elitism, 121–123, 170, 195, 206, 237
Emancipatory, 52–53
Emotional involvements/attachment, 62, 131, 133, 145, 172, 195, 207
Employment Equity Act/legislation, 34–36, 42, 92, 102, 180, 186, 197, 255
Employment Equity and Diversity Plan, 36
Employment Equity group(s), 34–36
Enactment, 44, 95, 107, 244–245
Engineer/engineering, 3–4, 6, 11, 15, 27, 33–35, 37–40, 45, 69, 94, 101, 115–117, 134, 140–143, 144–145, 151–153, 155, 160, 169, 172–173, 177, 179, 180, 181, 184, 187, 188–189, 192, 196–197, 206, 209–212, 214–216, 219–223, 234–235, 237–238, 241, 248
‘Control’, 140–141, 155, 172, 209–210, 212, 234, 237–238, 241
Engineering-6 (ENG-6), 35
junior, 116–117, 140–143, 150, 162, 172, 178, 221
Epistemology, 10
Equality, 42, 68, 69, 101, 102–103, 106, 186, 245, 258
diversity, 69
outcomes in neoliberal terms, 258
Equity, 102–103
See also Canadian Employment Equality Act
Eriksonian identity concept, 60, 71
construction, 60
selfsameness, 60, 101–102
Ethics of self-care, 56, 245–247, 256
Ethnic (identity), 4, 7, 13, 35, 40, 61–64, 66–67, 75, 77–78, 96, 98, 100–102, 114–116, 180, 234
Exclusion, 4–14, 16–17, 18, 19–20, 33, 35–36, 40, 51–52, 57, 64, 66, 69–74, 91–92, 96–107, 113–114, 121, 124–127, 159, 161, 197, 231, 233–243, 250–251, 254–258, 264
Exclusionary order and social justice initiatives
limits/boundaries, 237–238
navigating boundaries, 235, 236–237
not a study of cause-and-effect, 238–239
range of anchor points, 233–235
recreating limits/boundaries, 235–236
resisting limits/boundaries, 237–238
social justice, 239–240
STEM-professional men, micro-political resistances, 242–256
STEM-professional women, micro-political resistances, 240–242
Executive(s) (EX), 4, 6, 11, 34–35, 96, 113, 115, 184, 254–255, 117, 126, 181–182, 186–187, 219, 223, 233
Experience of exclusion, 96–102, 103–104, 121, 124, 126, 161, 234–239
accusation, 100–101
anti-male sentiment, 101
cisgender labor stratification, 98
colonialism, 65, 92, 98, 103
dividing practices, 97–103, 234
domination, contemporary treatments of, 98–103
equality, 101–103, 106
equity, 92, 101–103
Foucault’s system of domination, 96–98, 103
Indigenous peoples/populations, 98–100
interlocking oppression, 99, 103
intersectionality knowledge, 99–103, 106
‘isms,’, 98–99
marginalization, 99–100, 103
normalcy, 17, 100, 234
oppression, 91–92, 99, 103
racism, 65, 97–98, 103
repression, 96–98
scientific classification, 97, 99–100, 103
selfsameness, 101–102
sexism, 97–98, 103
social problems, 98
social struggles, 96–99
subjectification, 97–98, 100, 103, 105
systems of domination, 98–99
‘womanhood,’, 100
Exploitation, 13, 69, 96, 98–99
Extracted cues, 95, 107
Face of war, 29
Feminine-cisgender physical appearance, 61
Feminine-ideal, 39, 91, 98, 125, 179, 181, 195–196, 207, 209, 214–215, 217–218, 237, 242–243
Feminisms, 13, 19, 51–53, 70, 72, 143–144
empiricist, 52, 72, 74
standpoint, 14, 51–53, 54, 64, 72, 73, 74, 239
Feminist, 13–14, 51–53, 63–66, 69–70, 72–73, 74–77, 79, 94, 101, 143–144, 171, 239, 243–244, 246
Formal rules, 31, 35–37, 42–43
Formative contexts, 5, 10, 17–18, 19, 27, 40–41, 43–44, 45, 55–56, 91, 103–104, 113, 119, 122–124, 126, 156, 159–160, 162, 164, 175, 179, 181, 187, 194–196, 201, 202–204, 209–210, 214–215, 224, 235, 246, 248, 256–257, 264
adaptable
, 170, 195
“All women are glorified secretaries”, 183, 196
controlling space structures and women, 166, 194
dismissive, 184, 196
diversity in early career, 187–188, 197
elitism, 121–123, 170, 195
(embracing) feminine-ideal, 179, 181, 195
(embracing) masculine-ideal, 160, 177, 183, 187, 194, 195
feminine-ideal ‘acquiescing’, 195
(Get rid of the) “old White men”, 184–185, 197
“having the balls”, 184–185, 197
helping someone/nurturing and caring, 15–16, 105–106, 125, 127, 196, 243, 255–256
“human” (was not valued), 161, 172, 187, 190, 197
military, 3–4, 11, 15, 27, 29, 31, 37, 40, 142, 147, 179, 185, 194, 196, 238, 242
no value to multitasking, 175, 195, 210, 223
“old boys’ club”, 164, 194, 203, 240, 248–249
pornography, 145, 164–166, ’194, 249, 263
“pulling all aces”, 176, 195, 237–238, 242
resilience, 160, 182, 193, 194, 196
(STEM-professional men) winning awards, 175, 185, 195, 210, 218, 242, 256
targets for men’s teasing and ‘objects’ to be admired, 169, 183, 195, 206
trust, 161, 180–181, 188, 196, 214, 238, 242
uncertainties, 160, 182, 194, 196, 203–204, 246
‘us’ vs ‘them,’, 170, 191, 194
We accept only certain people among us, 170, 195
Forms of context, 9–11, 18–20, 27–45, 119, 122–126, 159–197, 201–231, 233, 238
formative contexts. See Formative concepts
meta-rules. See Meta-rules
rules, 42–43
See also Rules
Forms of experiences, 9–11, 16, 18–20, 44, 91–107, 119, 124, 127, 159–197, 201–230, 233–239
discourse, 92–94
discourses, critical sensemaking, and exclusion, 124–126
experience of exclusion, 96–102
research framework, 103–107
Weickian and critical sensemaking, 94–96
Forms of knowledge, 9–11, 11–16, 18–19, 51–79, 119–122, 123, 131–156, 201–231, 233–235
anchor points, 67–68, 77–79
feminisms, 51–53
intersectionality literature, 59–72
poststructuralism, 54–59
range of anchor points, 79, 91, 103, 118, 119–122
research framework, 74–79
Foucauldian forms. See Forms of context; Forms of experiences; Forms of knowledge
Foucault
ethic of self care, 56, 245–247, 256
forms, 9
norms, 54–55
See also Forms of context
Régime des pratiques (system of practices), 12, 54–55, 59
self, 55–56, 61, 245
systems and processes of domination, 96–98
technology/technologies of discourses/knowledge, 58–59
technology/technologies of power-relations, 56–58
technology/technologies of self and subjection, 55–56, 61, 245
Four-dimensional power model, 56–58
Fragmented legitimized errors/truths, 12, 51, 54, 60–61
Functionalist, 13, 52, 239
Gender(less), 18, 27, 30, 37–38, 39, 65, 68, 69, 73, 75, 114, 120, 127, 131, 160–161, 178, 179, 181, 185, 194, 203–204, 209, 215, 218, 221, 222, 236–237, 238, 242–245, 252, 255–257
critical sensemaking (CSM) framework, 18
diversity and, 69
and diversity scholar/literature, 7, 68, 69, 120, 131, 257
identities and, 39
neutrality, 38–39, 212
occupational stratification, 27, 37, 38
oscillation, 185
stratification theory, 27, 37, 53, 67, 98, 179, 196, 214, 238
Gender-balanced cabinet, 114
Generalized theory of identity, 64, 66, 70, 73, 100
Global space industry, 27–30
Global space industry, stakeholders, 28
Gramscian hegemony, 52–53
Group of Seven (G7), 28–29
Group of Twenty (G20) countries, 28
Habermas’ power, 57–58, 59
Hegemony, 52–53
Heuristic(s), 10, 17–19, 96, 119
History/historical/the past, 3, 10, 11, 14–15, 17, 27, 30, 35, 37, 51, 54, 55–56, 58, 59, 60, 62, 65–66, 68, 70, 76, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100–101, 105–106, 119, 127, 131, 142, 145, 166, 172, 203, 207, 234, 246
Hybridity, 64, 71
Identity/identities, 5–10, 13–17, 18–19, 35, 38–40, 55–56, 59–69, 94–102, 104–107, 113, 115–117, 119–121, 131–133, 159, 233–235, 252, 254, 256, 257
concepts, 60–68, 101
construction, 60, 62, 95, 107, 123, 132
dualism, 40
and Foucauldian subject/self, 55–56, 60–61
intersectionality/intersecting, 63–72, 76–79, 114–115, 122–123, 237, 239
map of, 134, 136, 140, 143, 146, 151
qualified/professional., 38, 142, 210, 218
relationality and anchor points, 14, 65, 67–68, 70, 73, 78–79, 256
self, 6–7, 16, 35, 39, 60–63, 66, 71, 75–79, 104, 106, 107, 115, 120–122, 131–133, 136, 138–139, 144, 146–147, 149, 152, 154–155, 160, 161, 167, 171, 202, 204, 237
social-identity, 6, 15, 39, 61–62, 66, 73, 75–77, 97, 120–121, 131–133, 135, 137, 140, 145, 148, 167, 204, 238
sociological perspective on, 61–63, 66
temporal, 61
work, 61–62, 76
Ideologies, 15, 38, 51–52, 58, 62, 65, 75, 105, 131, 133, 137, 140, 179, 244
Indigenous populations/peoples, 98, 100
Individual
complex, 6, 14–15, 44, 67, 69–71, 74–75, 77, 100, 103, 107, 113, 115, 118–122, 131–132, 155, 233
Inequality, 53, 65–66, 67, 101, 142
Informal masculine ideal rule, 43
Informal rules, 30, 36, 37, 40, 42–43, 44
Intentionality, 18
Interactional/masculinist studies, 39–40
Interlocking oppression, 99, 103
International partnership, 29
International Space Station (ISS), 29
Intersecting identities, 5, 7, 8, 63–64, 66, 70, 77, 79, 114, 116, 122, 161–162, 239
Intersectional feminism, 9, 10–16, 51, 72, 74–76, 114, 239, 256
antiessentialist posture, 74–75
defined, 75
domestic violence and, 75
Foucault’s system of practices, 74
poststructuralism, 74
Intersectionality, 7–11, 12–16, 19–20, 39–40, 51, 54, 59–72, 73, 76–79, 99–101, 103, 106, 113, 121–122, 233, 257–258
analysis, 66
and anchor points, 13–15
knowledge, 99
thinking, 66, 71
Intersectionality literature, 59–72
anchor points concept, 5, 8, 14, 67–68, 71, 73, 77–79
core concepts of, 65
defined, 5, 7–8, 13–16, 63–65, 66, 73, 76–77
diversity, 68–69
identity categories, 7–8, 14–15, 62–63, 66–68, 75, 77, 98–100, 102, 113, 234
jeopardy, 63
knowledge and, 68
power relations, 63, 65–66, 67–72
privileged individual, 53, 64, 70, 72, 73
relationality and anchor points, 67–68
roots of, 4, 64, 70
taxonomies, 66, 73
Intersectionality scholarship, 7, 10, 14, 20, 40, 59, 63–68, 69–70, 72–74, 77, 79, 99–101, 106, 257–258
‘Isms’, 98–99
Japanese Space Agency (JAXA), 28, 29, 32
Jobs classification, 184
Knowledge workers, 29
Legislation, 38, 41–42, 92, 101–102, 122, 180, 186, 197, 255, 258
Limits, 4–5, 17, 74, 107, 125, 186, 197, 235–239, 255, 257
MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates (MDA), 11, 28, 32, 34–35, 166
Madness and Civilization
, 96–97
“Making infallible decisions”, 30
Male-dominated
cultural heritage, 38
field, 38, 177
STEM industries, 39
Management, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 13, 33–36, 42–44, 51–53, 55, 69, 96, 104, 107, 113, 126–127, 160–163, 174, 181, 185, 205, 223–224, 231, 233, 235–236, 239–240, 241–242, 250–251, 253–256
career, 36
executive position, 34–35, 126
scientific, 52
Western, 52
Manhood, 30, 244
Manliness, 30
Manly courage, 30
Map of identities, 19, 121–122, 123, 126, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 141, 143, 146, 148, 151
Marginalization, 7, 14, 63–64, 70–72, 99–100, 103, 257
See also Theory of marginalization
Masculine-hierarchical structure, 37
Masculine-ideal, 30, 37–40, 44, 160, 177, 183, 187, 194–196, 209–210, 214–215, 217, 219, 237, 242
Masculine/masculinities, 242, 254–255
Materialism, 52
MDA (MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates ), 11, 28, 32, 34–35, 166
Meadian identity construction, 62
Meaning making, 8, 62, 79, 98, 104, 123, 133, 204, 239
Meso-discourse of diversity, 69
Meta-rules, 6, 8, 9–11, 17, 19, 27, 29, 31, 36, 40–43, 44–45, 67, 68, 78, 91, 95, 99, 104, 107, 119, 122, 202–203, 206, 208, 220, 222–224, 256–258
forms of context, 40–42, 122–123, 193–196
STEM-professional women, 193–196
Methodology
critical sensemaking framework, 118–127
data collected, 115–118
forms of context, 122–123
forms of experiences, 124–126
forms of knowledge, 119–122
participants and their recruitment, 113–115
purpose and research questions, 113
STEM-professional men, 126–127
Micro-political resistances, 6, 13, 19–20, 106–107, 127, 239–245, 256, 259
Military, 3, 4, 11, 15, 27, 29–30, 31, 37, 40, 142, 147, 179, 185, 193, 195, 209, 214, 217, 238, 242
engineering-trained men, 4, 11, 15
systems, 37, 40
Moon, 11, 28, 191–192, 197, 222
Multicultural crew/experience, 29, 170
Multiple jeopardy, 63
My possible range of anchor points, 16
Myths, 92–93, 102
Narratives, stories, myths, and sagas, 92–93, 102, 104–105
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), 4, 28–30, 31–32, 40, 153, 191, 194
exclusion and marginalization, 70
institutionalized masculine-ideal, 30, 160
masculine-dominated hierarchy, 69
women shuttle astronauts, 153
(National groups of) astronauts, 29, 131, 153
Non-management personnel, 43
Normal/normalcy, 12, 17, 53, 99, 100, 101, 103, 192, 214, 222, 234
Occupational segregation, 39
One-dimensional model of power, 56–57
Ontology, 13, 63, 66, 73
Oppression, 13, 14, 53, 64, 66, 71, 74, 91, 92, 99, 103
dialectical force of, 53
and discrimination, 14, 91, 92, 99
interlocking, 99, 103
See also Systems of oppressions
Order
“accusation and confession”, 14, 67, 71, 73, 78, 79, 100, 233
discriminatory, 14, 63, 67
dominant culture in, 39
exclusionary, 4–5, 8, 10, 16, 33, 66, 73, 233–239, 264
identity intersections and, 7
social, 4–5, 13–14, 16, 44, 63, 67, 124
Organizational discourses, 6, 41
Organizational myths, 93
Organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
Patriarchy, 53, 65, 66, 98
Payload(s), 31, 41, 141
Positivist, 6, 12–13, 37, 39
Postcolonial(ism), 13, 64–65, 71
Poststructural feminism, 13, 74–75
Poststructuralism, 9, 11–12, 19, 51, 53, 54–59, 60, 63, 72, 74–75, 256
discourses/knowledge, technology of, 58–59
power relations, technology of, 56–58
self and subjection, technology of, 55–56
Poststructuralist, 3, 4, 11–12, 18, 37, 59–61, 71, 74–75, 118
Poststructural ontology, 13
Power, 18, 52, 99, 145, 237
model, 56–58
Powerlessness/powerless, 99
Power-relations, 56–58, 65
problematize, 14, 51, 71, 78, 127, 233, 256
spectrum, 57, 71, 78, 124, 126, 132, 138, 214, 218, 234–237, 243, 247
Privileged individual, 13, 18, 68–69, 70, 72, 73, 98, 106, 242
Process(es) and systems, 91
Profession(s), 11, 38–39, 113–114, 142, 176–177, 210
Project management, 40–41
Race − class − cisgender mantra, 64
Racism, 65, 97–98, 103
RCA Victor Co. Ltd (Montreal), 31
Reflexivity, 15, 54, 61, 104–105, 121, 155
Régime des pratiques (system of practices), 12, 54, 59
Relationality (concept), 14, 18, 65, 67–68, 70, 73, 78, 79, 256
Repression, 44, 96–98
Research framework, 9
forms of context, 11, 40–44
forms of context, of knowledge and of experiences, 9–11
forms of experiences, 11–15, 103–107
forms of knowledge, 16–17, 74–79
Research methodology
critical sensemaking (CSM) framework, 118–127
data collected, 115–118
forms of context, 122–123
forms of experiences, 124–126
forms of knowledge, 119–122
participants and their recruitment, 113–115
purpose and research questions, 113
STEM-professional men, 126–127
Resistance(s), 12, 18–19, 52, 56–58, 62, 73, 74–75, 93, 96, 101, 104–107, 124, 155, 203, 204, 208, 214, 216, 236, 238
micro-political, 6, 13, 19–20, 106–107, 127, 239–244, 256, 259
norms, 56, 67, 106, 245, 247, 251, 256
Reveal(ing), 4
Right Stuff myth (1979), 4, 30, 93
Rules/meta-rules, 5–6, 8–10, 17–18, 19, 40–43, 45, 55–56, 62, 67, 73, 78, 91, 95, 97, 103–107, 113, 119, 121, 122–124, 126, 132, 156, 159–166, 168–171, 172–177, 179–181, 182–186, 187–191, 202–203, 206–207, 209–210, 214, 217–218, 220–222, 252, 256–259, 264
Being put in her place, 170, 195
cisgender multi-tasking, 177, 195, 210
cisgender presentism, 36–37, 175
cisgender stratification, 27, 37, 179, 196, 214, 238
cisgender taking unwanted jobs, 176, 183, 195, 196, 209–210, 217
contradictory occupational position, 183–185, 196, 217–218, 242
“cultural blockage”, 185, 197, 217–218, 242, 255
demographic, 33–35, 41, 160, 162–163, 168, 171, 174, 194
demographic balance, 171, 194
“elite”, 168, 170, 195, 206–207
engineering work ethic, 38, 188, 197, 221
evolution, 42–43
feminine-ideal, 39, 91, 98, 125, 179, 181, 195–196, 207, 209, 214, 215, 217–218, 237, 242–243
formal, 27, 30, 31, 33–37, 40, 42–43
(cis)gender naming of space structures, 162, 166, 194, 203, 240
“Having the balls”, 184–185, 197, 218, 237, 242, 254–255
infantilizing STEM-professional women, 190–191, 196, 221, 222, 240
informal, 27, 30, 36–37, 40, 42–44
“inhuman” pool hiring, 161, 173–174, 180, 186, 189–190, 194–195, 197, 210, 221, 242, 252, 253, 255, 259
“it has to be that way”, 184–185, 197, 218, 254
limits of human resources, 186, 197, 255, 257
masculine-ideals, 30, 38–39, 40, 44, 160, 177, 183, 187, 194–196, 209, 210, 214, 215, 217, 219, 237, 242
need to be “adaptable”, 170, 195, 206–207, 240
no trust, 188, 197
order of engineers, 180–181, 195, 214
program/project cancellation, 29, 162, 194, 203
“standard” 20%, 4, 33, 163–164, 194, 204, 240, 248
taking unwanted jobs, 36, 176, 183, 195–196, 209–210, 217
“the only girl here”, 169, 171, 179, 195–196, 206–207, 214
trust hiring, 161, 180, 181, 196, 214, 238, 242
unwritten, 27, 42–43
“we don’t hire anyone”, 123, 170, 195
written, 27, 42–43
Russian occupation of Ukrainian Crimea, 29
Russian symbiotic relationship, 29
Sagas, 92–94, 102
Sameness, 3, 54, 60, 71, 101–102
Sample
diverse, 70
organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
participants, 115, 118, 178
STEM-professional women, 178
stories and narratives, 126
Scientific classification (Foucault), 97, 99–100, 103, 234
management, 52
Self and subjection, technology of, 55–56, 61, 246
Self-care, ethic of, 245–247
Selfsameness, 60, 101–102
Sensegiving entity, 124
Sexism, 13, 65, 97–98, 103, 201, 251
Silent killers, 235, 264
Sinclair Radio Laboratories (Toronto), 31
Social
context, 8, 65, 67, 79
determinism, 14, 64
inequality, 53, 65, 66, 67, 101, 142
interactions, 4, 6–8, 11, 17, 19, 27, 40, 41, 43–44, 56, 58, 60, 63, 67, 69, 71, 75, 77–79, 92, 95, 104, 119, 123–124, 132, 162, 193, 203, 209–210, 217, 220, 224, 231, 235, 247, 252, 257–258
justice, 13, 19,-20, 65, 67, 106, 127, 233, 239–256, 258–259
values, 6, 8, 10, 18, 19, 27, 42–45, 55, 67, 78, 105, 122–124, 159–160, 162–166, 168–177, 179, 181, 182–186, 187–191, 202, 206, 217, 224, 231, 233, 249, 257
Social-identity, 6, 15, 39, 61–62, 66, 73, 75–77, 97, 120–121, 131–133, 135, 137, 140, 145, 148, 167, 204, 238
Socioeconomic status of class, 8
Socio-psychological processes, 4, 5, 8–9, 94, 96, 113, 159, 201, 224
Space industry
demographics, 10, 11, 19, 27, 51, 69, 138, 160–163, 168, 171, 174, 205–206, 223, 248, 253
macro: global space industry, 27–30
meso: Canadian space industry, 31–33
micro: demographics and organization-specific formal rules, 10, 11, 19, 27
Alouette I, 33
Canadian Space Agency demographics, 34–35
MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates demographics, 34
organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
Spar Aerospace, 31, 166
Stakeholder, 11, 28, 32, 95
Standard 20% rule, 4, 33, 163–164, 194, 204, 240, 248
Standpoint theories/ideologies, 51–53, 54, 63, 72–73, 74, 239
State of becoming, 56, 72, 78, 124, 217, 247
State of being, 13, 53–54, 61, 74, 78, 97, 99, 101, 104, 107, 124, 224, 239, 257
Status quo, 65, 71, 106, 114, 119, 166, 224, 264
STEM-professional man/men, 13, 15, 19, 43, 78, 114, 120
cell of influences, 105, 114, 126
empirical, 153, 174, 193, 195, 246–254
micro-political resistances, 240–254
responsibilities, 126–127
STEM-professional woman/women, 4–6, 9–10, 13, 15, 19, 20, 33, 36, 39–40, 53, 61, 72, 76, 79, 103–106, 113–114, 125–127, 244, 263–264
cell of influences, 105–106, 118, 120–121, 162–187, 224, 237
early career, 133–139, 161–172, 202–209
exclusion, 233–239
identities, 131–133
late career, 143–156, 178–197, 213–224
micro-political resistances, 238–240
mid career, 139–143, 172–178, 209–213
Story/Stories, 4–6, 8, 15, 16–17, 19, 61, 62, 70, 92–94, 104, 114–115, 118–119, 124, 127, 131, 133, 134–135, 142, 145, 150, 153–154, 159, 160, 163–164, 166–167, 169–170, 171, 174, 175, 177, 179, 181, 182–183, 185, 187–193, 203–204, 208–209, 211–213, 215–216, 218, 219–220, 223–224, 234, 235, 236, 243–244, 247–249, 251, 254–255, 256
Storytelling, 92, 94, 96, 105, 121, 133, 179, 214
Structural social reality, 51–52
Subject, 7, 12–13, 55–58, 59, 60–61, 64, 67, 72–73, 74, 96–98, 100, 103, 107, 239, 245–247, 257–258
Subjectification, 97–98, 100, 103, 105, 234
Symbolic interactionism/interactionalists, 10, 60, 62, 71
Systems of domination, 98–99
Systems of oppression, 74–75
See also Oppression
Technology/technological innovation, 4, 30–31, 38–39, 42, 182, 209, 219
Technology/technologies (Foucault), 12, 54–55, 72–73
of discourses/knowledge, 58–59
of power-relations, 56–58
of self and subjection, 55–56, 61, 245
Temporal identity, 61
Theoretical Wedge, 14, 63–64, 73
Theory of marginalization, 64, 70, 99, 103
See also Marginalization
Three-dimensional power model, 57
Transgender, 8, 64, 65, 70, 115
Triangulate/triangulation, 114, 120
Triple jeopardy, 63
Two-dimensional model of power, 57
Unstructured interview, 6, 115, 118, 243
US Augustine Committee report, 30
Utopian universalistic theory of discourse, 58–59
Valued-masculine prototype, 39, 203, 214
Violence, 63, 75, 99, 247
Weickian/sensemaking, 8, 17–18, 62, 91, 93, 94–96, 102, 107, 119, 126
WFA. See Workforce availability (WFA)
‘Who I am,’, 7, 14, 15, 54, 60–62, 74, 76, 95, 107, 120, 121, 133, 136–138, 143, 144, 146, 149, 151, 159, 167–168, 194, 236, 241, 263
‘Who I am becoming,’, 7, 14, 54, 62, 74, 76, 107, 120, 121, 133, 138, 149, 159, 241
Womanhood, 100
Workforce availability (WFA), 34, 35
Working interdependently, 29, 160, 194
World War II, 11, 28
Academic literature, engineering and science
, 37–40
Accommodation
, 42, 102, 222, 242
Accusation
, 100–101, 233
and confession
, 14–15, 67, 71, 73, 78, 79
Adaptability
, 170, 206, 237
Adjustment and adaptation
, 60
Aerospace
, 3, 28, 150, 163, 166, 179, 196, 248, 251
Alouette I
, 2, 11, 31, 33–34
Anchor points
attributed
, 6, 9, 15, 18, 61, 70, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 132–133, 135, 137, 138–139, 142, 145, 148, 149, 153, 154, 155, 161, 167, 168. 182, 187, 193, 202–204, 206, 207–208, 210, 211, 213–214, 215, 216–224, 233–238, 240–242, 257–258
‘The Bitch’
, 134, 135, 155, 161, 202–204, 210, 234, 235, 236, 237, 240, 258
concept
, 5, 14, 18, 51, 67–68, 71–72, 74, 76, 77–79, 256–257
‘Control Engineer’
, 140–141, 155, 172, 209–210, 212, 234, 237–238, 241
‘Elite’
, 121–123, 136, 138, 155, 168, 206, 234
ephemeral
, 7, 14, 62, 75–76, 132, 138, 207, 233, 238, 240, 256–257
‘Females are More Serious’
, 134–135, 155, 161, 167, 202, 204, 234, 237, 240
‘Girl Engineer,’
, 151, 156, 187, 220–223, 235
‘Girls Don’t Do Anything’
, 151, 153–154, 156, 220–223, 238, 242, 258
‘How can we count on you? You’re a woman, you have kids’
, 146, 148–149, 156, 181, 217, 219, 234–235
Identity
, 5, 8
Intersectional Feminism
, 9, 10–11, 13, 72, 74–76, 114, 239, 256
‘Is she Supposed to be Here?’
, 151, 153–154, 156, 187, 220–221, 223, 238, 258
‘The Leader’
, 134, 136, 141, 155, 161, 202–205, 234
‘Leader of Harem’
, 143, 145, 156, 178, 214, 216, 234, 237
‘The Mommy’
, 143, 145, 156, 178, 213–216, 234, 258
‘Not Very Serious’ or ‘You’re so Funny’
, 136, 138, 155, 168, 206–209, 234, 236–237
‘The Only Girl’
, 120, 136, 138–139, 141, 148, 155, 168–169, 179, 206–207, 209, 214, 234, 236–238, 240
‘On Probation’
, 146, 148–149, 156, 182, 217, 242
range of
, 5, 9, 15–16, 20, 79, 91, 103, 113–114, 118, 122, 126, 131–156, 159, 168, 201, 206, 209, 214, 217, 224, 233–234, 258
‘The Secretary’
, 16, 151, 153, 155, 187, 220, 222, 234, 238
‘Time to Move On’
, 140, 141, 156, 172, 209–211, 234, 236, 237, 241
‘You are a [lower level] ENG and you travel?!’
, 140–142, 150, 156, 172, 209, 213, 238, 241
‘You’re like a dog… you need to be kept on a leash’
, 146, 149–150, 156, 160, 181, 217–220, 234–235, 238, 242
Anti-male sentiment
, 101
Anti-woman approach
, 39
Arm-wrestling informal rule
, 16, 43, 44, 104
Artificial intelligence (AI)
, 40–41
Autobiographies
, 94
Bilingual
, 116–118
Bilingualism
, 15, 118
Quebecois (masculine)/Quebecoise (feminine)
, 61–62
Binary(ies)
, 3, 18, 37, 41, 54, 65, 67, 71–72, 74, 78, 101, 103, 106, 124, 132, 218, 235, 236, 237, 239, 241, 243, 244, 256
Boundaries
, 4–5, 17, 27, 30, 44, 58, 107, 125–127, 160, 162, 175, 235–238, 256–257
cisgender-specific ordering
, 160
critical sensemaking processes
, 107
crossing and re-crossing
, 99, 237
day-to-day social interactions
, 4, 17, 27
of exclusion
, 127, 234
navigating
, 235–237
organizational
, 162
overstepping
, 202–203, 236
of ‘us’ vs ‘them’
, 100, 126, 170
Canadian Employment Equity Legislations, 34–36, 41, 92, 102
Canadian Human Rights Act
, 69, 101–102, 186, 197
Canadian military college system, 37
Canadian Space Agency (CSA), 11, 28, 29, 31–32, 34–37
Canadian Space Agency Act, 31
Canadian Space Industry, 3, 5, 9, 10–11, 13, 15, 18–19, 27, 30–33, 37, 40, 45, 51, 53–54, 70, 104, 113–114, 118, 120, 123, 125, 156, 159–197, 201, 206–209, 233, 235, 239, 243, 249–250, 256, 258, 263
forms of context, 159–197
stakeholder map, 32
Capital-cost risks, 29
Career management service, 36
Cause and effect, 213, 238–239
Cell of influence(s), 105–106, 114, 118, 120–121, 126, 159, 162, 164, 166, 168, 172, 175–176, 178, 181, 182, 187, 224, 237
Centrality of identity, 60, 62, 96, 105, 159, 171, 177, 212, 225, 231, 257
Cisgender, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 13–16, 52–53, 61–64, 66–67, 69, 94, 96, 105
ciswomen (and cismen), 39, 53, 179
and ethnicity, 100
feminine-ideal, 39, 91, 98, 125, 179, 181, 195–196, 207, 209, 214–215, 217–218, 237, 242–243
feminine physical appearance, 61
individual, 13
informal rule, 36–37, 40, 44
intersectionality, 73–77, 100–102
labor stratification, 98
masculine-ideal (norms), 30, 37, 38–39, 40, 44, 160, 177, 183, 187, 193–195, 209–210, 214–215, 217, 219, 237, 242
men, 114
occupational stratification, 37, 98
organizational exclusion, 264
practices, 44
standpoint concept, 53, 72
woman, 61
Class, 4, 7–8, 13–14, 18, 38, 52–53, 57, 62, 64, 67, 72–73, 75, 77, 98, 100, 142, 221, 234, 239
Cold War, 3, 4, 34, 166
Colonialism, 65, 92, 98, 103
Complex/complexity, 6, 7, 9, 13, 14, 15, 17, 42, 44, 59, 64–67, 69–71, 73–78, 98, 100–101, 103, 106, 107, 114–115, 118–122, 124, 131–132, 140, 155, 159, 173, 178, 216, 218, 231, 233, 235, 237, 255, 257
Cosmic Ray Section of the National Research Council (NRC), 31
Craft ethic, 38
Critical race theory/studies, 13–14, 63, 73
Critical sensemaking (CSM), 5–6, 8–11, 16–18, 19, 62, 78–79, 91–96, 102, 103–107, 113, 118, 119, 121–122, 124–126, 132, 159, 201, 202, 204–205, 207–208, 209–211, 214, 216, 217, 219–220, 223–224, 233, 235, 238, 243, 247, 256–257, 264
centrality of identity, 96, 105
dual ANTi-History and CSM framework, 96
enactment of the environment, 95
ethnocentric discourses, 96
extracted cues, 95, 107
finding and analyzing, 118–119
framework, 5–6, 17–18
heart-wrenching stories, 96
identity construction, 95, 107, 123
ongoing, 8, 94–95, 105, 107, 212
plausibility, 4, 8, 15–16, 20, 94, 95, 96, 102, 105, 118, 131, 138, 156, 159, 161, 162, 181, 197, 201, 203, 210
processes, 5–6, 8–10, 16–18, 19, 78–79, 95–96, 103–107, 112, 113, 125–126, 159, 201, 204–206, 207–209, 211–213, 215–216, 219–220, 222–224, 235, 238, 257–258
retrospective, 6, 8, 94–95, 107, 121, 125, 132, 137, 166, 204, 209, 220, 249, 251
social, 95
“Cultural blockage” rule, 185, 197, 217–218, 242, 255
Cultural imperialism, 99
Decision-making processes, 29
Defence Research Board (DRB), 31
Defence Research Telecommunications Establishment (DRTE), 31
De Havilland Aircraft Co. (Toronto), 31
Demographics, 10, 11, 14, 19, 33–37, 41, 69, 138, 160, 162–163, 168, 171, 174, 194–195, 205, 223, 248, 253
rule, 33–35, 41, 160, 162–163, 168, 171, 174
Depth of analysis, 68, 71–73
Dialectical force of oppression, 53
Disciplinary processes, 44, 55–56, 58, 78, 235, 246
Discontinuities, 61, 256
Discourses, 4–9, 27, 38, 41–45, 54–59, 61–62, 66–67, 69, 71–76, 78–79, 91–97, 102, 104, 106–107, 114, 121–126, 131–132, 138–139, 142, 146, 151, 155, 160, 162, 167, 172, 177, 187, 203, 206, 208, 213, 216, 219, 223–224, 231, 233–241, 243, 245–247, 256–259, 263–264
autobiographies, 93–94
discursive practices, 12, 15, 59, 74, 77, 79, 92
dominant ideas, 5–6, 9, 10, 12, 16–17, 19–20, 74, 103–107, 113, 119, 121, 126, 156, 159, 161, 167–168, 171–172, 177–178, 181–182, 186–187, 191–197, 201–204, 207, 209, 211, 214–215, 217, 219–220, 222, 224, 231, 233, 235, 237, 240, 242, 257–258, 264
knowledge, technology of, 58–59
myths, 93
narratives, 4–6, 8, 16–17, 19, 30, 42, 60–64, 71, 92–94, 100, 102, 104–105, 114, 115, 119–127, 131–133, 136, 138–139, 141, 144–145, 148, 152, 159–160, 162–164, 166–171, 174, 176, 179, 184, 186, 192, 197, 203–204, 207, 218–219, 234–236, 243–244, 247–252, 254–255, 256
narratives, stories, myths, and sagas, 92–94
political, 71, 74, 104
and power-relations, 61, 78–79
and sensemaking, 92
stories. See Story/stories
Weickian and critical sensemaking, 94–96, 118–119
Discrimination, 7, 13–14, 41, 43, 71, 91–92, 99, 101, 107, 144, 161, 181, 201, 218, 233, 245
marginalization, 7, 14, 63–64, 70–72, 99–100, 103, 257
and oppression, 92
Discursive practices, 12, 15, 59, 74, 77, 79, 92
Diversity, 3, 7, 11, 73, 102, 120, 131, 187–188, 197, 221, 257–258
functional/utilitarian, 68–69
mega diversity discourse, 69
meso-discourse of diversity, 69
Domination, 19, 52–53, 55–56, 71, 96–103, 124, 234, 239, 243, 246–247
contemporary treatments of, 98–99
dividing practices (Foucault), 97–100, 103, 234
scientific classification (Foucault), 97, 99–100, 103, 234
subjectification (Foucault), 97, 99–100, 103, 105, 234
See also Systems of domination processes
Double jeopardy, 63
École Militaire/École Polytechnique, 37
Economic determinism, 52, 72, 258
Elitism, 121–123, 170, 195, 206, 237
Emancipatory, 52–53
Emotional involvements/attachment, 62, 131, 133, 145, 172, 195, 207
Employment Equity Act/legislation, 34–36, 42, 92, 102, 180, 186, 197, 255
Employment Equity and Diversity Plan, 36
Employment Equity group(s), 34–36
Enactment, 44, 95, 107, 244–245
Engineer/engineering, 3–4, 6, 11, 15, 27, 33–35, 37–40, 45, 69, 94, 101, 115–117, 134, 140–143, 144–145, 151–153, 155, 160, 169, 172–173, 177, 179, 180, 181, 184, 187, 188–189, 192, 196–197, 206, 209–212, 214–216, 219–223, 234–235, 237–238, 241, 248
‘Control’, 140–141, 155, 172, 209–210, 212, 234, 237–238, 241
Engineering-6 (ENG-6), 35
junior, 116–117, 140–143, 150, 162, 172, 178, 221
Epistemology, 10
Equality, 42, 68, 69, 101, 102–103, 106, 186, 245, 258
diversity, 69
outcomes in neoliberal terms, 258
Equity, 102–103
See also Canadian Employment Equality Act
Eriksonian identity concept, 60, 71
construction, 60
selfsameness, 60, 101–102
Ethics of self-care, 56, 245–247, 256
Ethnic (identity), 4, 7, 13, 35, 40, 61–64, 66–67, 75, 77–78, 96, 98, 100–102, 114–116, 180, 234
Exclusion, 4–14, 16–17, 18, 19–20, 33, 35–36, 40, 51–52, 57, 64, 66, 69–74, 91–92, 96–107, 113–114, 121, 124–127, 159, 161, 197, 231, 233–243, 250–251, 254–258, 264
Exclusionary order and social justice initiatives
limits/boundaries, 237–238
navigating boundaries, 235, 236–237
not a study of cause-and-effect, 238–239
range of anchor points, 233–235
recreating limits/boundaries, 235–236
resisting limits/boundaries, 237–238
social justice, 239–240
STEM-professional men, micro-political resistances, 242–256
STEM-professional women, micro-political resistances, 240–242
Executive(s) (EX), 4, 6, 11, 34–35, 96, 113, 115, 184, 254–255, 117, 126, 181–182, 186–187, 219, 223, 233
Experience of exclusion, 96–102, 103–104, 121, 124, 126, 161, 234–239
accusation, 100–101
anti-male sentiment, 101
cisgender labor stratification, 98
colonialism, 65, 92, 98, 103
dividing practices, 97–103, 234
domination, contemporary treatments of, 98–103
equality, 101–103, 106
equity, 92, 101–103
Foucault’s system of domination, 96–98, 103
Indigenous peoples/populations, 98–100
interlocking oppression, 99, 103
intersectionality knowledge, 99–103, 106
‘isms,’, 98–99
marginalization, 99–100, 103
normalcy, 17, 100, 234
oppression, 91–92, 99, 103
racism, 65, 97–98, 103
repression, 96–98
scientific classification, 97, 99–100, 103
selfsameness, 101–102
sexism, 97–98, 103
social problems, 98
social struggles, 96–99
subjectification, 97–98, 100, 103, 105
systems of domination, 98–99
‘womanhood,’, 100
Exploitation, 13, 69, 96, 98–99
Extracted cues, 95, 107
Face of war, 29
Feminine-cisgender physical appearance, 61
Feminine-ideal, 39, 91, 98, 125, 179, 181, 195–196, 207, 209, 214–215, 217–218, 237, 242–243
Feminisms, 13, 19, 51–53, 70, 72, 143–144
empiricist, 52, 72, 74
standpoint, 14, 51–53, 54, 64, 72, 73, 74, 239
Feminist, 13–14, 51–53, 63–66, 69–70, 72–73, 74–77, 79, 94, 101, 143–144, 171, 239, 243–244, 246
Formal rules, 31, 35–37, 42–43
Formative contexts, 5, 10, 17–18, 19, 27, 40–41, 43–44, 45, 55–56, 91, 103–104, 113, 119, 122–124, 126, 156, 159–160, 162, 164, 175, 179, 181, 187, 194–196, 201, 202–204, 209–210, 214–215, 224, 235, 246, 248, 256–257, 264
adaptable
, 170, 195
“All women are glorified secretaries”, 183, 196
controlling space structures and women, 166, 194
dismissive, 184, 196
diversity in early career, 187–188, 197
elitism, 121–123, 170, 195
(embracing) feminine-ideal, 179, 181, 195
(embracing) masculine-ideal, 160, 177, 183, 187, 194, 195
feminine-ideal ‘acquiescing’, 195
(Get rid of the) “old White men”, 184–185, 197
“having the balls”, 184–185, 197
helping someone/nurturing and caring, 15–16, 105–106, 125, 127, 196, 243, 255–256
“human” (was not valued), 161, 172, 187, 190, 197
military, 3–4, 11, 15, 27, 29, 31, 37, 40, 142, 147, 179, 185, 194, 196, 238, 242
no value to multitasking, 175, 195, 210, 223
“old boys’ club”, 164, 194, 203, 240, 248–249
pornography, 145, 164–166, ’194, 249, 263
“pulling all aces”, 176, 195, 237–238, 242
resilience, 160, 182, 193, 194, 196
(STEM-professional men) winning awards, 175, 185, 195, 210, 218, 242, 256
targets for men’s teasing and ‘objects’ to be admired, 169, 183, 195, 206
trust, 161, 180–181, 188, 196, 214, 238, 242
uncertainties, 160, 182, 194, 196, 203–204, 246
‘us’ vs ‘them,’, 170, 191, 194
We accept only certain people among us, 170, 195
Forms of context, 9–11, 18–20, 27–45, 119, 122–126, 159–197, 201–231, 233, 238
formative contexts. See Formative concepts
meta-rules. See Meta-rules
rules, 42–43
See also Rules
Forms of experiences, 9–11, 16, 18–20, 44, 91–107, 119, 124, 127, 159–197, 201–230, 233–239
discourse, 92–94
discourses, critical sensemaking, and exclusion, 124–126
experience of exclusion, 96–102
research framework, 103–107
Weickian and critical sensemaking, 94–96
Forms of knowledge, 9–11, 11–16, 18–19, 51–79, 119–122, 123, 131–156, 201–231, 233–235
anchor points, 67–68, 77–79
feminisms, 51–53
intersectionality literature, 59–72
poststructuralism, 54–59
range of anchor points, 79, 91, 103, 118, 119–122
research framework, 74–79
Foucauldian forms. See Forms of context; Forms of experiences; Forms of knowledge
Foucault
ethic of self care, 56, 245–247, 256
forms, 9
norms, 54–55
See also Forms of context
Régime des pratiques (system of practices), 12, 54–55, 59
self, 55–56, 61, 245
systems and processes of domination, 96–98
technology/technologies of discourses/knowledge, 58–59
technology/technologies of power-relations, 56–58
technology/technologies of self and subjection, 55–56, 61, 245
Four-dimensional power model, 56–58
Fragmented legitimized errors/truths, 12, 51, 54, 60–61
Functionalist, 13, 52, 239
Gender(less), 18, 27, 30, 37–38, 39, 65, 68, 69, 73, 75, 114, 120, 127, 131, 160–161, 178, 179, 181, 185, 194, 203–204, 209, 215, 218, 221, 222, 236–237, 238, 242–245, 252, 255–257
critical sensemaking (CSM) framework, 18
diversity and, 69
and diversity scholar/literature, 7, 68, 69, 120, 131, 257
identities and, 39
neutrality, 38–39, 212
occupational stratification, 27, 37, 38
oscillation, 185
stratification theory, 27, 37, 53, 67, 98, 179, 196, 214, 238
Gender-balanced cabinet, 114
Generalized theory of identity, 64, 66, 70, 73, 100
Global space industry, 27–30
Global space industry, stakeholders, 28
Gramscian hegemony, 52–53
Group of Seven (G7), 28–29
Group of Twenty (G20) countries, 28
Habermas’ power, 57–58, 59
Hegemony, 52–53
Heuristic(s), 10, 17–19, 96, 119
History/historical/the past, 3, 10, 11, 14–15, 17, 27, 30, 35, 37, 51, 54, 55–56, 58, 59, 60, 62, 65–66, 68, 70, 76, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100–101, 105–106, 119, 127, 131, 142, 145, 166, 172, 203, 207, 234, 246
Hybridity, 64, 71
Identity/identities, 5–10, 13–17, 18–19, 35, 38–40, 55–56, 59–69, 94–102, 104–107, 113, 115–117, 119–121, 131–133, 159, 233–235, 252, 254, 256, 257
concepts, 60–68, 101
construction, 60, 62, 95, 107, 123, 132
dualism, 40
and Foucauldian subject/self, 55–56, 60–61
intersectionality/intersecting, 63–72, 76–79, 114–115, 122–123, 237, 239
map of, 134, 136, 140, 143, 146, 151
qualified/professional., 38, 142, 210, 218
relationality and anchor points, 14, 65, 67–68, 70, 73, 78–79, 256
self, 6–7, 16, 35, 39, 60–63, 66, 71, 75–79, 104, 106, 107, 115, 120–122, 131–133, 136, 138–139, 144, 146–147, 149, 152, 154–155, 160, 161, 167, 171, 202, 204, 237
social-identity, 6, 15, 39, 61–62, 66, 73, 75–77, 97, 120–121, 131–133, 135, 137, 140, 145, 148, 167, 204, 238
sociological perspective on, 61–63, 66
temporal, 61
work, 61–62, 76
Ideologies, 15, 38, 51–52, 58, 62, 65, 75, 105, 131, 133, 137, 140, 179, 244
Indigenous populations/peoples, 98, 100
Individual
complex, 6, 14–15, 44, 67, 69–71, 74–75, 77, 100, 103, 107, 113, 115, 118–122, 131–132, 155, 233
Inequality, 53, 65–66, 67, 101, 142
Informal masculine ideal rule, 43
Informal rules, 30, 36, 37, 40, 42–43, 44
Intentionality, 18
Interactional/masculinist studies, 39–40
Interlocking oppression, 99, 103
International partnership, 29
International Space Station (ISS), 29
Intersecting identities, 5, 7, 8, 63–64, 66, 70, 77, 79, 114, 116, 122, 161–162, 239
Intersectional feminism, 9, 10–16, 51, 72, 74–76, 114, 239, 256
antiessentialist posture, 74–75
defined, 75
domestic violence and, 75
Foucault’s system of practices, 74
poststructuralism, 74
Intersectionality, 7–11, 12–16, 19–20, 39–40, 51, 54, 59–72, 73, 76–79, 99–101, 103, 106, 113, 121–122, 233, 257–258
analysis, 66
and anchor points, 13–15
knowledge, 99
thinking, 66, 71
Intersectionality literature, 59–72
anchor points concept, 5, 8, 14, 67–68, 71, 73, 77–79
core concepts of, 65
defined, 5, 7–8, 13–16, 63–65, 66, 73, 76–77
diversity, 68–69
identity categories, 7–8, 14–15, 62–63, 66–68, 75, 77, 98–100, 102, 113, 234
jeopardy, 63
knowledge and, 68
power relations, 63, 65–66, 67–72
privileged individual, 53, 64, 70, 72, 73
relationality and anchor points, 67–68
roots of, 4, 64, 70
taxonomies, 66, 73
Intersectionality scholarship, 7, 10, 14, 20, 40, 59, 63–68, 69–70, 72–74, 77, 79, 99–101, 106, 257–258
‘Isms’, 98–99
Japanese Space Agency (JAXA), 28, 29, 32
Jobs classification, 184
Knowledge workers, 29
Legislation, 38, 41–42, 92, 101–102, 122, 180, 186, 197, 255, 258
Limits, 4–5, 17, 74, 107, 125, 186, 197, 235–239, 255, 257
MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates (MDA), 11, 28, 32, 34–35, 166
Madness and Civilization
, 96–97
“Making infallible decisions”, 30
Male-dominated
cultural heritage, 38
field, 38, 177
STEM industries, 39
Management, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 13, 33–36, 42–44, 51–53, 55, 69, 96, 104, 107, 113, 126–127, 160–163, 174, 181, 185, 205, 223–224, 231, 233, 235–236, 239–240, 241–242, 250–251, 253–256
career, 36
executive position, 34–35, 126
scientific, 52
Western, 52
Manhood, 30, 244
Manliness, 30
Manly courage, 30
Map of identities, 19, 121–122, 123, 126, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 141, 143, 146, 148, 151
Marginalization, 7, 14, 63–64, 70–72, 99–100, 103, 257
See also Theory of marginalization
Masculine-hierarchical structure, 37
Masculine-ideal, 30, 37–40, 44, 160, 177, 183, 187, 194–196, 209–210, 214–215, 217, 219, 237, 242
Masculine/masculinities, 242, 254–255
Materialism, 52
MDA (MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates ), 11, 28, 32, 34–35, 166
Meadian identity construction, 62
Meaning making, 8, 62, 79, 98, 104, 123, 133, 204, 239
Meso-discourse of diversity, 69
Meta-rules, 6, 8, 9–11, 17, 19, 27, 29, 31, 36, 40–43, 44–45, 67, 68, 78, 91, 95, 99, 104, 107, 119, 122, 202–203, 206, 208, 220, 222–224, 256–258
forms of context, 40–42, 122–123, 193–196
STEM-professional women, 193–196
Methodology
critical sensemaking framework, 118–127
data collected, 115–118
forms of context, 122–123
forms of experiences, 124–126
forms of knowledge, 119–122
participants and their recruitment, 113–115
purpose and research questions, 113
STEM-professional men, 126–127
Micro-political resistances, 6, 13, 19–20, 106–107, 127, 239–245, 256, 259
Military, 3, 4, 11, 15, 27, 29–30, 31, 37, 40, 142, 147, 179, 185, 193, 195, 209, 214, 217, 238, 242
engineering-trained men, 4, 11, 15
systems, 37, 40
Moon, 11, 28, 191–192, 197, 222
Multicultural crew/experience, 29, 170
Multiple jeopardy, 63
My possible range of anchor points, 16
Myths, 92–93, 102
Narratives, stories, myths, and sagas, 92–93, 102, 104–105
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), 4, 28–30, 31–32, 40, 153, 191, 194
exclusion and marginalization, 70
institutionalized masculine-ideal, 30, 160
masculine-dominated hierarchy, 69
women shuttle astronauts, 153
(National groups of) astronauts, 29, 131, 153
Non-management personnel, 43
Normal/normalcy, 12, 17, 53, 99, 100, 101, 103, 192, 214, 222, 234
Occupational segregation, 39
One-dimensional model of power, 56–57
Ontology, 13, 63, 66, 73
Oppression, 13, 14, 53, 64, 66, 71, 74, 91, 92, 99, 103
dialectical force of, 53
and discrimination, 14, 91, 92, 99
interlocking, 99, 103
See also Systems of oppressions
Order
“accusation and confession”, 14, 67, 71, 73, 78, 79, 100, 233
discriminatory, 14, 63, 67
dominant culture in, 39
exclusionary, 4–5, 8, 10, 16, 33, 66, 73, 233–239, 264
identity intersections and, 7
social, 4–5, 13–14, 16, 44, 63, 67, 124
Organizational discourses, 6, 41
Organizational myths, 93
Organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
Patriarchy, 53, 65, 66, 98
Payload(s), 31, 41, 141
Positivist, 6, 12–13, 37, 39
Postcolonial(ism), 13, 64–65, 71
Poststructural feminism, 13, 74–75
Poststructuralism, 9, 11–12, 19, 51, 53, 54–59, 60, 63, 72, 74–75, 256
discourses/knowledge, technology of, 58–59
power relations, technology of, 56–58
self and subjection, technology of, 55–56
Poststructuralist, 3, 4, 11–12, 18, 37, 59–61, 71, 74–75, 118
Poststructural ontology, 13
Power, 18, 52, 99, 145, 237
model, 56–58
Powerlessness/powerless, 99
Power-relations, 56–58, 65
problematize, 14, 51, 71, 78, 127, 233, 256
spectrum, 57, 71, 78, 124, 126, 132, 138, 214, 218, 234–237, 243, 247
Privileged individual, 13, 18, 68–69, 70, 72, 73, 98, 106, 242
Process(es) and systems, 91
Profession(s), 11, 38–39, 113–114, 142, 176–177, 210
Project management, 40–41
Race − class − cisgender mantra, 64
Racism, 65, 97–98, 103
RCA Victor Co. Ltd (Montreal), 31
Reflexivity, 15, 54, 61, 104–105, 121, 155
Régime des pratiques (system of practices), 12, 54, 59
Relationality (concept), 14, 18, 65, 67–68, 70, 73, 78, 79, 256
Repression, 44, 96–98
Research framework, 9
forms of context, 11, 40–44
forms of context, of knowledge and of experiences, 9–11
forms of experiences, 11–15, 103–107
forms of knowledge, 16–17, 74–79
Research methodology
critical sensemaking (CSM) framework, 118–127
data collected, 115–118
forms of context, 122–123
forms of experiences, 124–126
forms of knowledge, 119–122
participants and their recruitment, 113–115
purpose and research questions, 113
STEM-professional men, 126–127
Resistance(s), 12, 18–19, 52, 56–58, 62, 73, 74–75, 93, 96, 101, 104–107, 124, 155, 203, 204, 208, 214, 216, 236, 238
micro-political, 6, 13, 19–20, 106–107, 127, 239–244, 256, 259
norms, 56, 67, 106, 245, 247, 251, 256
Reveal(ing), 4
Right Stuff myth (1979), 4, 30, 93
Rules/meta-rules, 5–6, 8–10, 17–18, 19, 40–43, 45, 55–56, 62, 67, 73, 78, 91, 95, 97, 103–107, 113, 119, 121, 122–124, 126, 132, 156, 159–166, 168–171, 172–177, 179–181, 182–186, 187–191, 202–203, 206–207, 209–210, 214, 217–218, 220–222, 252, 256–259, 264
Being put in her place, 170, 195
cisgender multi-tasking, 177, 195, 210
cisgender presentism, 36–37, 175
cisgender stratification, 27, 37, 179, 196, 214, 238
cisgender taking unwanted jobs, 176, 183, 195, 196, 209–210, 217
contradictory occupational position, 183–185, 196, 217–218, 242
“cultural blockage”, 185, 197, 217–218, 242, 255
demographic, 33–35, 41, 160, 162–163, 168, 171, 174, 194
demographic balance, 171, 194
“elite”, 168, 170, 195, 206–207
engineering work ethic, 38, 188, 197, 221
evolution, 42–43
feminine-ideal, 39, 91, 98, 125, 179, 181, 195–196, 207, 209, 214, 215, 217–218, 237, 242–243
formal, 27, 30, 31, 33–37, 40, 42–43
(cis)gender naming of space structures, 162, 166, 194, 203, 240
“Having the balls”, 184–185, 197, 218, 237, 242, 254–255
infantilizing STEM-professional women, 190–191, 196, 221, 222, 240
informal, 27, 30, 36–37, 40, 42–44
“inhuman” pool hiring, 161, 173–174, 180, 186, 189–190, 194–195, 197, 210, 221, 242, 252, 253, 255, 259
“it has to be that way”, 184–185, 197, 218, 254
limits of human resources, 186, 197, 255, 257
masculine-ideals, 30, 38–39, 40, 44, 160, 177, 183, 187, 194–196, 209, 210, 214, 215, 217, 219, 237, 242
need to be “adaptable”, 170, 195, 206–207, 240
no trust, 188, 197
order of engineers, 180–181, 195, 214
program/project cancellation, 29, 162, 194, 203
“standard” 20%, 4, 33, 163–164, 194, 204, 240, 248
taking unwanted jobs, 36, 176, 183, 195–196, 209–210, 217
“the only girl here”, 169, 171, 179, 195–196, 206–207, 214
trust hiring, 161, 180, 181, 196, 214, 238, 242
unwritten, 27, 42–43
“we don’t hire anyone”, 123, 170, 195
written, 27, 42–43
Russian occupation of Ukrainian Crimea, 29
Russian symbiotic relationship, 29
Sagas, 92–94, 102
Sameness, 3, 54, 60, 71, 101–102
Sample
diverse, 70
organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
participants, 115, 118, 178
STEM-professional women, 178
stories and narratives, 126
Scientific classification (Foucault), 97, 99–100, 103, 234
management, 52
Self and subjection, technology of, 55–56, 61, 246
Self-care, ethic of, 245–247
Selfsameness, 60, 101–102
Sensegiving entity, 124
Sexism, 13, 65, 97–98, 103, 201, 251
Silent killers, 235, 264
Sinclair Radio Laboratories (Toronto), 31
Social
context, 8, 65, 67, 79
determinism, 14, 64
inequality, 53, 65, 66, 67, 101, 142
interactions, 4, 6–8, 11, 17, 19, 27, 40, 41, 43–44, 56, 58, 60, 63, 67, 69, 71, 75, 77–79, 92, 95, 104, 119, 123–124, 132, 162, 193, 203, 209–210, 217, 220, 224, 231, 235, 247, 252, 257–258
justice, 13, 19,-20, 65, 67, 106, 127, 233, 239–256, 258–259
values, 6, 8, 10, 18, 19, 27, 42–45, 55, 67, 78, 105, 122–124, 159–160, 162–166, 168–177, 179, 181, 182–186, 187–191, 202, 206, 217, 224, 231, 233, 249, 257
Social-identity, 6, 15, 39, 61–62, 66, 73, 75–77, 97, 120–121, 131–133, 135, 137, 140, 145, 148, 167, 204, 238
Socioeconomic status of class, 8
Socio-psychological processes, 4, 5, 8–9, 94, 96, 113, 159, 201, 224
Space industry
demographics, 10, 11, 19, 27, 51, 69, 138, 160–163, 168, 171, 174, 205–206, 223, 248, 253
macro: global space industry, 27–30
meso: Canadian space industry, 31–33
micro: demographics and organization-specific formal rules, 10, 11, 19, 27
Alouette I, 33
Canadian Space Agency demographics, 34–35
MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates demographics, 34
organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
Spar Aerospace, 31, 166
Stakeholder, 11, 28, 32, 95
Standard 20% rule, 4, 33, 163–164, 194, 204, 240, 248
Standpoint theories/ideologies, 51–53, 54, 63, 72–73, 74, 239
State of becoming, 56, 72, 78, 124, 217, 247
State of being, 13, 53–54, 61, 74, 78, 97, 99, 101, 104, 107, 124, 224, 239, 257
Status quo, 65, 71, 106, 114, 119, 166, 224, 264
STEM-professional man/men, 13, 15, 19, 43, 78, 114, 120
cell of influences, 105, 114, 126
empirical, 153, 174, 193, 195, 246–254
micro-political resistances, 240–254
responsibilities, 126–127
STEM-professional woman/women, 4–6, 9–10, 13, 15, 19, 20, 33, 36, 39–40, 53, 61, 72, 76, 79, 103–106, 113–114, 125–127, 244, 263–264
cell of influences, 105–106, 118, 120–121, 162–187, 224, 237
early career, 133–139, 161–172, 202–209
exclusion, 233–239
identities, 131–133
late career, 143–156, 178–197, 213–224
micro-political resistances, 238–240
mid career, 139–143, 172–178, 209–213
Story/Stories, 4–6, 8, 15, 16–17, 19, 61, 62, 70, 92–94, 104, 114–115, 118–119, 124, 127, 131, 133, 134–135, 142, 145, 150, 153–154, 159, 160, 163–164, 166–167, 169–170, 171, 174, 175, 177, 179, 181, 182–183, 185, 187–193, 203–204, 208–209, 211–213, 215–216, 218, 219–220, 223–224, 234, 235, 236, 243–244, 247–249, 251, 254–255, 256
Storytelling, 92, 94, 96, 105, 121, 133, 179, 214
Structural social reality, 51–52
Subject, 7, 12–13, 55–58, 59, 60–61, 64, 67, 72–73, 74, 96–98, 100, 103, 107, 239, 245–247, 257–258
Subjectification, 97–98, 100, 103, 105, 234
Symbolic interactionism/interactionalists, 10, 60, 62, 71
Systems of domination, 98–99
Systems of oppression, 74–75
See also Oppression
Technology/technological innovation, 4, 30–31, 38–39, 42, 182, 209, 219
Technology/technologies (Foucault), 12, 54–55, 72–73
of discourses/knowledge, 58–59
of power-relations, 56–58
of self and subjection, 55–56, 61, 245
Temporal identity, 61
Theoretical Wedge, 14, 63–64, 73
Theory of marginalization, 64, 70, 99, 103
See also Marginalization
Three-dimensional power model, 57
Transgender, 8, 64, 65, 70, 115
Triangulate/triangulation, 114, 120
Triple jeopardy, 63
Two-dimensional model of power, 57
Unstructured interview, 6, 115, 118, 243
US Augustine Committee report, 30
Utopian universalistic theory of discourse, 58–59
Valued-masculine prototype, 39, 203, 214
Violence, 63, 75, 99, 247
Weickian/sensemaking, 8, 17–18, 62, 91, 93, 94–96, 102, 107, 119, 126
WFA. See Workforce availability (WFA)
‘Who I am,’, 7, 14, 15, 54, 60–62, 74, 76, 95, 107, 120, 121, 133, 136–138, 143, 144, 146, 149, 151, 159, 167–168, 194, 236, 241, 263
‘Who I am becoming,’, 7, 14, 54, 62, 74, 76, 107, 120, 121, 133, 138, 149, 159, 241
Womanhood, 100
Workforce availability (WFA), 34, 35
Working interdependently, 29, 160, 194
World War II, 11, 28
Canadian Employment Equity Legislations
, 34–36, 41, 92, 102
Canadian Human Rights Act
, 69, 101–102, 186, 197
Canadian military college system
, 37
Canadian Space Agency (CSA)
, 11, 28, 29, 31–32, 34–37
Canadian Space Agency Act
, 31
Canadian Space Industry
, 3, 5, 9, 10–11, 13, 15, 18–19, 27, 30–33, 37, 40, 45, 51, 53–54, 70, 104, 113–114, 118, 120, 123, 125, 156, 159–197, 201, 206–209, 233, 235, 239, 243, 249–250, 256, 258, 263
forms of context
, 159–197
stakeholder map
, 32
Capital-cost risks
, 29
Career management service
, 36
Cause and effect
, 213, 238–239
Cell of influence(s)
, 105–106, 114, 118, 120–121, 126, 159, 162, 164, 166, 168, 172, 175–176, 178, 181, 182, 187, 224, 237
Centrality of identity
, 60, 62, 96, 105, 159, 171, 177, 212, 225, 231, 257
Cisgender
, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 13–16, 52–53, 61–64, 66–67, 69, 94, 96, 105
ciswomen (and cismen)
, 39, 53, 179
and ethnicity
, 100
feminine-ideal
, 39, 91, 98, 125, 179, 181, 195–196, 207, 209, 214–215, 217–218, 237, 242–243
feminine physical appearance
, 61
individual
, 13
informal rule
, 36–37, 40, 44
intersectionality
, 73–77, 100–102
labor stratification
, 98
masculine-ideal (norms)
, 30, 37, 38–39, 40, 44, 160, 177, 183, 187, 193–195, 209–210, 214–215, 217, 219, 237, 242
men
, 114
occupational stratification
, 37, 98
organizational exclusion
, 264
practices
, 44
standpoint concept
, 53, 72
woman
, 61
Class
, 4, 7–8, 13–14, 18, 38, 52–53, 57, 62, 64, 67, 72–73, 75, 77, 98, 100, 142, 221, 234, 239
Cold War
, 3, 4, 34, 166
Colonialism
, 65, 92, 98, 103
Complex/complexity
, 6, 7, 9, 13, 14, 15, 17, 42, 44, 59, 64–67, 69–71, 73–78, 98, 100–101, 103, 106, 107, 114–115, 118–122, 124, 131–132, 140, 155, 159, 173, 178, 216, 218, 231, 233, 235, 237, 255, 257
Cosmic Ray Section of the National Research Council (NRC)
, 31
Craft ethic
, 38
Critical race theory/studies
, 13–14, 63, 73
Critical sensemaking (CSM)
, 5–6, 8–11, 16–18, 19, 62, 78–79, 91–96, 102, 103–107, 113, 118, 119, 121–122, 124–126, 132, 159, 201, 202, 204–205, 207–208, 209–211, 214, 216, 217, 219–220, 223–224, 233, 235, 238, 243, 247, 256–257, 264
centrality of identity
, 96, 105
dual ANTi-History and CSM framework
, 96
enactment of the environment
, 95
ethnocentric discourses
, 96
extracted cues
, 95, 107
finding and analyzing
, 118–119
framework
, 5–6, 17–18
heart-wrenching stories
, 96
identity construction
, 95, 107, 123
ongoing
, 8, 94–95, 105, 107, 212
plausibility
, 4, 8, 15–16, 20, 94, 95, 96, 102, 105, 118, 131, 138, 156, 159, 161, 162, 181, 197, 201, 203, 210
processes
, 5–6, 8–10, 16–18, 19, 78–79, 95–96, 103–107, 112, 113, 125–126, 159, 201, 204–206, 207–209, 211–213, 215–216, 219–220, 222–224, 235, 238, 257–258
retrospective
, 6, 8, 94–95, 107, 121, 125, 132, 137, 166, 204, 209, 220, 249, 251
social
, 95
“Cultural blockage” rule
, 185, 197, 217–218, 242, 255
Cultural imperialism
, 99
Decision-making processes
, 29
Defence Research Board (DRB)
, 31
Defence Research Telecommunications Establishment (DRTE)
, 31
De Havilland Aircraft Co. (Toronto)
, 31
Demographics
, 10, 11, 14, 19, 33–37, 41, 69, 138, 160, 162–163, 168, 171, 174, 194–195, 205, 223, 248, 253
rule
, 33–35, 41, 160, 162–163, 168, 171, 174
Depth of analysis
, 68, 71–73
Dialectical force of oppression
, 53
Disciplinary processes
, 44, 55–56, 58, 78, 235, 246
Discontinuities
, 61, 256
Discourses
, 4–9, 27, 38, 41–45, 54–59, 61–62, 66–67, 69, 71–76, 78–79, 91–97, 102, 104, 106–107, 114, 121–126, 131–132, 138–139, 142, 146, 151, 155, 160, 162, 167, 172, 177, 187, 203, 206, 208, 213, 216, 219, 223–224, 231, 233–241, 243, 245–247, 256–259, 263–264
autobiographies
, 93–94
discursive practices
, 12, 15, 59, 74, 77, 79, 92
dominant ideas
, 5–6, 9, 10, 12, 16–17, 19–20, 74, 103–107, 113, 119, 121, 126, 156, 159, 161, 167–168, 171–172, 177–178, 181–182, 186–187, 191–197, 201–204, 207, 209, 211, 214–215, 217, 219–220, 222, 224, 231, 233, 235, 237, 240, 242, 257–258, 264
knowledge, technology of
, 58–59
myths
, 93
narratives
, 4–6, 8, 16–17, 19, 30, 42, 60–64, 71, 92–94, 100, 102, 104–105, 114, 115, 119–127, 131–133, 136, 138–139, 141, 144–145, 148, 152, 159–160, 162–164, 166–171, 174, 176, 179, 184, 186, 192, 197, 203–204, 207, 218–219, 234–236, 243–244, 247–252, 254–255, 256
narratives, stories, myths, and sagas
, 92–94
political
, 71, 74, 104
and power-relations
, 61, 78–79
and sensemaking
, 92
stories. See Story/stories
Weickian and critical sensemaking
, 94–96, 118–119
Discrimination
, 7, 13–14, 41, 43, 71, 91–92, 99, 101, 107, 144, 161, 181, 201, 218, 233, 245
marginalization
, 7, 14, 63–64, 70–72, 99–100, 103, 257
and oppression
, 92
Discursive practices
, 12, 15, 59, 74, 77, 79, 92
Diversity
, 3, 7, 11, 73, 102, 120, 131, 187–188, 197, 221, 257–258
functional/utilitarian
, 68–69
mega diversity discourse
, 69
meso-discourse of diversity
, 69
Domination
, 19, 52–53, 55–56, 71, 96–103, 124, 234, 239, 243, 246–247
contemporary treatments of
, 98–99
dividing practices (Foucault)
, 97–100, 103, 234
scientific classification (Foucault)
, 97, 99–100, 103, 234
subjectification (Foucault)
, 97, 99–100, 103, 105, 234
See also Systems of domination processes
Double jeopardy
, 63
École Militaire/École Polytechnique, 37
Economic determinism, 52, 72, 258
Elitism, 121–123, 170, 195, 206, 237
Emancipatory, 52–53
Emotional involvements/attachment, 62, 131, 133, 145, 172, 195, 207
Employment Equity Act/legislation, 34–36, 42, 92, 102, 180, 186, 197, 255
Employment Equity and Diversity Plan, 36
Employment Equity group(s), 34–36
Enactment, 44, 95, 107, 244–245
Engineer/engineering, 3–4, 6, 11, 15, 27, 33–35, 37–40, 45, 69, 94, 101, 115–117, 134, 140–143, 144–145, 151–153, 155, 160, 169, 172–173, 177, 179, 180, 181, 184, 187, 188–189, 192, 196–197, 206, 209–212, 214–216, 219–223, 234–235, 237–238, 241, 248
‘Control’, 140–141, 155, 172, 209–210, 212, 234, 237–238, 241
Engineering-6 (ENG-6), 35
junior, 116–117, 140–143, 150, 162, 172, 178, 221
Epistemology, 10
Equality, 42, 68, 69, 101, 102–103, 106, 186, 245, 258
diversity, 69
outcomes in neoliberal terms, 258
Equity, 102–103
See also Canadian Employment Equality Act
Eriksonian identity concept, 60, 71
construction, 60
selfsameness, 60, 101–102
Ethics of self-care, 56, 245–247, 256
Ethnic (identity), 4, 7, 13, 35, 40, 61–64, 66–67, 75, 77–78, 96, 98, 100–102, 114–116, 180, 234
Exclusion, 4–14, 16–17, 18, 19–20, 33, 35–36, 40, 51–52, 57, 64, 66, 69–74, 91–92, 96–107, 113–114, 121, 124–127, 159, 161, 197, 231, 233–243, 250–251, 254–258, 264
Exclusionary order and social justice initiatives
limits/boundaries, 237–238
navigating boundaries, 235, 236–237
not a study of cause-and-effect, 238–239
range of anchor points, 233–235
recreating limits/boundaries, 235–236
resisting limits/boundaries, 237–238
social justice, 239–240
STEM-professional men, micro-political resistances, 242–256
STEM-professional women, micro-political resistances, 240–242
Executive(s) (EX), 4, 6, 11, 34–35, 96, 113, 115, 184, 254–255, 117, 126, 181–182, 186–187, 219, 223, 233
Experience of exclusion, 96–102, 103–104, 121, 124, 126, 161, 234–239
accusation, 100–101
anti-male sentiment, 101
cisgender labor stratification, 98
colonialism, 65, 92, 98, 103
dividing practices, 97–103, 234
domination, contemporary treatments of, 98–103
equality, 101–103, 106
equity, 92, 101–103
Foucault’s system of domination, 96–98, 103
Indigenous peoples/populations, 98–100
interlocking oppression, 99, 103
intersectionality knowledge, 99–103, 106
‘isms,’, 98–99
marginalization, 99–100, 103
normalcy, 17, 100, 234
oppression, 91–92, 99, 103
racism, 65, 97–98, 103
repression, 96–98
scientific classification, 97, 99–100, 103
selfsameness, 101–102
sexism, 97–98, 103
social problems, 98
social struggles, 96–99
subjectification, 97–98, 100, 103, 105
systems of domination, 98–99
‘womanhood,’, 100
Exploitation, 13, 69, 96, 98–99
Extracted cues, 95, 107
Face of war, 29
Feminine-cisgender physical appearance, 61
Feminine-ideal, 39, 91, 98, 125, 179, 181, 195–196, 207, 209, 214–215, 217–218, 237, 242–243
Feminisms, 13, 19, 51–53, 70, 72, 143–144
empiricist, 52, 72, 74
standpoint, 14, 51–53, 54, 64, 72, 73, 74, 239
Feminist, 13–14, 51–53, 63–66, 69–70, 72–73, 74–77, 79, 94, 101, 143–144, 171, 239, 243–244, 246
Formal rules, 31, 35–37, 42–43
Formative contexts, 5, 10, 17–18, 19, 27, 40–41, 43–44, 45, 55–56, 91, 103–104, 113, 119, 122–124, 126, 156, 159–160, 162, 164, 175, 179, 181, 187, 194–196, 201, 202–204, 209–210, 214–215, 224, 235, 246, 248, 256–257, 264
adaptable
, 170, 195
“All women are glorified secretaries”, 183, 196
controlling space structures and women, 166, 194
dismissive, 184, 196
diversity in early career, 187–188, 197
elitism, 121–123, 170, 195
(embracing) feminine-ideal, 179, 181, 195
(embracing) masculine-ideal, 160, 177, 183, 187, 194, 195
feminine-ideal ‘acquiescing’, 195
(Get rid of the) “old White men”, 184–185, 197
“having the balls”, 184–185, 197
helping someone/nurturing and caring, 15–16, 105–106, 125, 127, 196, 243, 255–256
“human” (was not valued), 161, 172, 187, 190, 197
military, 3–4, 11, 15, 27, 29, 31, 37, 40, 142, 147, 179, 185, 194, 196, 238, 242
no value to multitasking, 175, 195, 210, 223
“old boys’ club”, 164, 194, 203, 240, 248–249
pornography, 145, 164–166, ’194, 249, 263
“pulling all aces”, 176, 195, 237–238, 242
resilience, 160, 182, 193, 194, 196
(STEM-professional men) winning awards, 175, 185, 195, 210, 218, 242, 256
targets for men’s teasing and ‘objects’ to be admired, 169, 183, 195, 206
trust, 161, 180–181, 188, 196, 214, 238, 242
uncertainties, 160, 182, 194, 196, 203–204, 246
‘us’ vs ‘them,’, 170, 191, 194
We accept only certain people among us, 170, 195
Forms of context, 9–11, 18–20, 27–45, 119, 122–126, 159–197, 201–231, 233, 238
formative contexts. See Formative concepts
meta-rules. See Meta-rules
rules, 42–43
See also Rules
Forms of experiences, 9–11, 16, 18–20, 44, 91–107, 119, 124, 127, 159–197, 201–230, 233–239
discourse, 92–94
discourses, critical sensemaking, and exclusion, 124–126
experience of exclusion, 96–102
research framework, 103–107
Weickian and critical sensemaking, 94–96
Forms of knowledge, 9–11, 11–16, 18–19, 51–79, 119–122, 123, 131–156, 201–231, 233–235
anchor points, 67–68, 77–79
feminisms, 51–53
intersectionality literature, 59–72
poststructuralism, 54–59
range of anchor points, 79, 91, 103, 118, 119–122
research framework, 74–79
Foucauldian forms. See Forms of context; Forms of experiences; Forms of knowledge
Foucault
ethic of self care, 56, 245–247, 256
forms, 9
norms, 54–55
See also Forms of context
Régime des pratiques (system of practices), 12, 54–55, 59
self, 55–56, 61, 245
systems and processes of domination, 96–98
technology/technologies of discourses/knowledge, 58–59
technology/technologies of power-relations, 56–58
technology/technologies of self and subjection, 55–56, 61, 245
Four-dimensional power model, 56–58
Fragmented legitimized errors/truths, 12, 51, 54, 60–61
Functionalist, 13, 52, 239
Gender(less), 18, 27, 30, 37–38, 39, 65, 68, 69, 73, 75, 114, 120, 127, 131, 160–161, 178, 179, 181, 185, 194, 203–204, 209, 215, 218, 221, 222, 236–237, 238, 242–245, 252, 255–257
critical sensemaking (CSM) framework, 18
diversity and, 69
and diversity scholar/literature, 7, 68, 69, 120, 131, 257
identities and, 39
neutrality, 38–39, 212
occupational stratification, 27, 37, 38
oscillation, 185
stratification theory, 27, 37, 53, 67, 98, 179, 196, 214, 238
Gender-balanced cabinet, 114
Generalized theory of identity, 64, 66, 70, 73, 100
Global space industry, 27–30
Global space industry, stakeholders, 28
Gramscian hegemony, 52–53
Group of Seven (G7), 28–29
Group of Twenty (G20) countries, 28
Habermas’ power, 57–58, 59
Hegemony, 52–53
Heuristic(s), 10, 17–19, 96, 119
History/historical/the past, 3, 10, 11, 14–15, 17, 27, 30, 35, 37, 51, 54, 55–56, 58, 59, 60, 62, 65–66, 68, 70, 76, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100–101, 105–106, 119, 127, 131, 142, 145, 166, 172, 203, 207, 234, 246
Hybridity, 64, 71
Identity/identities, 5–10, 13–17, 18–19, 35, 38–40, 55–56, 59–69, 94–102, 104–107, 113, 115–117, 119–121, 131–133, 159, 233–235, 252, 254, 256, 257
concepts, 60–68, 101
construction, 60, 62, 95, 107, 123, 132
dualism, 40
and Foucauldian subject/self, 55–56, 60–61
intersectionality/intersecting, 63–72, 76–79, 114–115, 122–123, 237, 239
map of, 134, 136, 140, 143, 146, 151
qualified/professional., 38, 142, 210, 218
relationality and anchor points, 14, 65, 67–68, 70, 73, 78–79, 256
self, 6–7, 16, 35, 39, 60–63, 66, 71, 75–79, 104, 106, 107, 115, 120–122, 131–133, 136, 138–139, 144, 146–147, 149, 152, 154–155, 160, 161, 167, 171, 202, 204, 237
social-identity, 6, 15, 39, 61–62, 66, 73, 75–77, 97, 120–121, 131–133, 135, 137, 140, 145, 148, 167, 204, 238
sociological perspective on, 61–63, 66
temporal, 61
work, 61–62, 76
Ideologies, 15, 38, 51–52, 58, 62, 65, 75, 105, 131, 133, 137, 140, 179, 244
Indigenous populations/peoples, 98, 100
Individual
complex, 6, 14–15, 44, 67, 69–71, 74–75, 77, 100, 103, 107, 113, 115, 118–122, 131–132, 155, 233
Inequality, 53, 65–66, 67, 101, 142
Informal masculine ideal rule, 43
Informal rules, 30, 36, 37, 40, 42–43, 44
Intentionality, 18
Interactional/masculinist studies, 39–40
Interlocking oppression, 99, 103
International partnership, 29
International Space Station (ISS), 29
Intersecting identities, 5, 7, 8, 63–64, 66, 70, 77, 79, 114, 116, 122, 161–162, 239
Intersectional feminism, 9, 10–16, 51, 72, 74–76, 114, 239, 256
antiessentialist posture, 74–75
defined, 75
domestic violence and, 75
Foucault’s system of practices, 74
poststructuralism, 74
Intersectionality, 7–11, 12–16, 19–20, 39–40, 51, 54, 59–72, 73, 76–79, 99–101, 103, 106, 113, 121–122, 233, 257–258
analysis, 66
and anchor points, 13–15
knowledge, 99
thinking, 66, 71
Intersectionality literature, 59–72
anchor points concept, 5, 8, 14, 67–68, 71, 73, 77–79
core concepts of, 65
defined, 5, 7–8, 13–16, 63–65, 66, 73, 76–77
diversity, 68–69
identity categories, 7–8, 14–15, 62–63, 66–68, 75, 77, 98–100, 102, 113, 234
jeopardy, 63
knowledge and, 68
power relations, 63, 65–66, 67–72
privileged individual, 53, 64, 70, 72, 73
relationality and anchor points, 67–68
roots of, 4, 64, 70
taxonomies, 66, 73
Intersectionality scholarship, 7, 10, 14, 20, 40, 59, 63–68, 69–70, 72–74, 77, 79, 99–101, 106, 257–258
‘Isms’, 98–99
Japanese Space Agency (JAXA), 28, 29, 32
Jobs classification, 184
Knowledge workers, 29
Legislation, 38, 41–42, 92, 101–102, 122, 180, 186, 197, 255, 258
Limits, 4–5, 17, 74, 107, 125, 186, 197, 235–239, 255, 257
MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates (MDA), 11, 28, 32, 34–35, 166
Madness and Civilization
, 96–97
“Making infallible decisions”, 30
Male-dominated
cultural heritage, 38
field, 38, 177
STEM industries, 39
Management, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 13, 33–36, 42–44, 51–53, 55, 69, 96, 104, 107, 113, 126–127, 160–163, 174, 181, 185, 205, 223–224, 231, 233, 235–236, 239–240, 241–242, 250–251, 253–256
career, 36
executive position, 34–35, 126
scientific, 52
Western, 52
Manhood, 30, 244
Manliness, 30
Manly courage, 30
Map of identities, 19, 121–122, 123, 126, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 141, 143, 146, 148, 151
Marginalization, 7, 14, 63–64, 70–72, 99–100, 103, 257
See also Theory of marginalization
Masculine-hierarchical structure, 37
Masculine-ideal, 30, 37–40, 44, 160, 177, 183, 187, 194–196, 209–210, 214–215, 217, 219, 237, 242
Masculine/masculinities, 242, 254–255
Materialism, 52
MDA (MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates ), 11, 28, 32, 34–35, 166
Meadian identity construction, 62
Meaning making, 8, 62, 79, 98, 104, 123, 133, 204, 239
Meso-discourse of diversity, 69
Meta-rules, 6, 8, 9–11, 17, 19, 27, 29, 31, 36, 40–43, 44–45, 67, 68, 78, 91, 95, 99, 104, 107, 119, 122, 202–203, 206, 208, 220, 222–224, 256–258
forms of context, 40–42, 122–123, 193–196
STEM-professional women, 193–196
Methodology
critical sensemaking framework, 118–127
data collected, 115–118
forms of context, 122–123
forms of experiences, 124–126
forms of knowledge, 119–122
participants and their recruitment, 113–115
purpose and research questions, 113
STEM-professional men, 126–127
Micro-political resistances, 6, 13, 19–20, 106–107, 127, 239–245, 256, 259
Military, 3, 4, 11, 15, 27, 29–30, 31, 37, 40, 142, 147, 179, 185, 193, 195, 209, 214, 217, 238, 242
engineering-trained men, 4, 11, 15
systems, 37, 40
Moon, 11, 28, 191–192, 197, 222
Multicultural crew/experience, 29, 170
Multiple jeopardy, 63
My possible range of anchor points, 16
Myths, 92–93, 102
Narratives, stories, myths, and sagas, 92–93, 102, 104–105
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), 4, 28–30, 31–32, 40, 153, 191, 194
exclusion and marginalization, 70
institutionalized masculine-ideal, 30, 160
masculine-dominated hierarchy, 69
women shuttle astronauts, 153
(National groups of) astronauts, 29, 131, 153
Non-management personnel, 43
Normal/normalcy, 12, 17, 53, 99, 100, 101, 103, 192, 214, 222, 234
Occupational segregation, 39
One-dimensional model of power, 56–57
Ontology, 13, 63, 66, 73
Oppression, 13, 14, 53, 64, 66, 71, 74, 91, 92, 99, 103
dialectical force of, 53
and discrimination, 14, 91, 92, 99
interlocking, 99, 103
See also Systems of oppressions
Order
“accusation and confession”, 14, 67, 71, 73, 78, 79, 100, 233
discriminatory, 14, 63, 67
dominant culture in, 39
exclusionary, 4–5, 8, 10, 16, 33, 66, 73, 233–239, 264
identity intersections and, 7
social, 4–5, 13–14, 16, 44, 63, 67, 124
Organizational discourses, 6, 41
Organizational myths, 93
Organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
Patriarchy, 53, 65, 66, 98
Payload(s), 31, 41, 141
Positivist, 6, 12–13, 37, 39
Postcolonial(ism), 13, 64–65, 71
Poststructural feminism, 13, 74–75
Poststructuralism, 9, 11–12, 19, 51, 53, 54–59, 60, 63, 72, 74–75, 256
discourses/knowledge, technology of, 58–59
power relations, technology of, 56–58
self and subjection, technology of, 55–56
Poststructuralist, 3, 4, 11–12, 18, 37, 59–61, 71, 74–75, 118
Poststructural ontology, 13
Power, 18, 52, 99, 145, 237
model, 56–58
Powerlessness/powerless, 99
Power-relations, 56–58, 65
problematize, 14, 51, 71, 78, 127, 233, 256
spectrum, 57, 71, 78, 124, 126, 132, 138, 214, 218, 234–237, 243, 247
Privileged individual, 13, 18, 68–69, 70, 72, 73, 98, 106, 242
Process(es) and systems, 91
Profession(s), 11, 38–39, 113–114, 142, 176–177, 210
Project management, 40–41
Race − class − cisgender mantra, 64
Racism, 65, 97–98, 103
RCA Victor Co. Ltd (Montreal), 31
Reflexivity, 15, 54, 61, 104–105, 121, 155
Régime des pratiques (system of practices), 12, 54, 59
Relationality (concept), 14, 18, 65, 67–68, 70, 73, 78, 79, 256
Repression, 44, 96–98
Research framework, 9
forms of context, 11, 40–44
forms of context, of knowledge and of experiences, 9–11
forms of experiences, 11–15, 103–107
forms of knowledge, 16–17, 74–79
Research methodology
critical sensemaking (CSM) framework, 118–127
data collected, 115–118
forms of context, 122–123
forms of experiences, 124–126
forms of knowledge, 119–122
participants and their recruitment, 113–115
purpose and research questions, 113
STEM-professional men, 126–127
Resistance(s), 12, 18–19, 52, 56–58, 62, 73, 74–75, 93, 96, 101, 104–107, 124, 155, 203, 204, 208, 214, 216, 236, 238
micro-political, 6, 13, 19–20, 106–107, 127, 239–244, 256, 259
norms, 56, 67, 106, 245, 247, 251, 256
Reveal(ing), 4
Right Stuff myth (1979), 4, 30, 93
Rules/meta-rules, 5–6, 8–10, 17–18, 19, 40–43, 45, 55–56, 62, 67, 73, 78, 91, 95, 97, 103–107, 113, 119, 121, 122–124, 126, 132, 156, 159–166, 168–171, 172–177, 179–181, 182–186, 187–191, 202–203, 206–207, 209–210, 214, 217–218, 220–222, 252, 256–259, 264
Being put in her place, 170, 195
cisgender multi-tasking, 177, 195, 210
cisgender presentism, 36–37, 175
cisgender stratification, 27, 37, 179, 196, 214, 238
cisgender taking unwanted jobs, 176, 183, 195, 196, 209–210, 217
contradictory occupational position, 183–185, 196, 217–218, 242
“cultural blockage”, 185, 197, 217–218, 242, 255
demographic, 33–35, 41, 160, 162–163, 168, 171, 174, 194
demographic balance, 171, 194
“elite”, 168, 170, 195, 206–207
engineering work ethic, 38, 188, 197, 221
evolution, 42–43
feminine-ideal, 39, 91, 98, 125, 179, 181, 195–196, 207, 209, 214, 215, 217–218, 237, 242–243
formal, 27, 30, 31, 33–37, 40, 42–43
(cis)gender naming of space structures, 162, 166, 194, 203, 240
“Having the balls”, 184–185, 197, 218, 237, 242, 254–255
infantilizing STEM-professional women, 190–191, 196, 221, 222, 240
informal, 27, 30, 36–37, 40, 42–44
“inhuman” pool hiring, 161, 173–174, 180, 186, 189–190, 194–195, 197, 210, 221, 242, 252, 253, 255, 259
“it has to be that way”, 184–185, 197, 218, 254
limits of human resources, 186, 197, 255, 257
masculine-ideals, 30, 38–39, 40, 44, 160, 177, 183, 187, 194–196, 209, 210, 214, 215, 217, 219, 237, 242
need to be “adaptable”, 170, 195, 206–207, 240
no trust, 188, 197
order of engineers, 180–181, 195, 214
program/project cancellation, 29, 162, 194, 203
“standard” 20%, 4, 33, 163–164, 194, 204, 240, 248
taking unwanted jobs, 36, 176, 183, 195–196, 209–210, 217
“the only girl here”, 169, 171, 179, 195–196, 206–207, 214
trust hiring, 161, 180, 181, 196, 214, 238, 242
unwritten, 27, 42–43
“we don’t hire anyone”, 123, 170, 195
written, 27, 42–43
Russian occupation of Ukrainian Crimea, 29
Russian symbiotic relationship, 29
Sagas, 92–94, 102
Sameness, 3, 54, 60, 71, 101–102
Sample
diverse, 70
organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
participants, 115, 118, 178
STEM-professional women, 178
stories and narratives, 126
Scientific classification (Foucault), 97, 99–100, 103, 234
management, 52
Self and subjection, technology of, 55–56, 61, 246
Self-care, ethic of, 245–247
Selfsameness, 60, 101–102
Sensegiving entity, 124
Sexism, 13, 65, 97–98, 103, 201, 251
Silent killers, 235, 264
Sinclair Radio Laboratories (Toronto), 31
Social
context, 8, 65, 67, 79
determinism, 14, 64
inequality, 53, 65, 66, 67, 101, 142
interactions, 4, 6–8, 11, 17, 19, 27, 40, 41, 43–44, 56, 58, 60, 63, 67, 69, 71, 75, 77–79, 92, 95, 104, 119, 123–124, 132, 162, 193, 203, 209–210, 217, 220, 224, 231, 235, 247, 252, 257–258
justice, 13, 19,-20, 65, 67, 106, 127, 233, 239–256, 258–259
values, 6, 8, 10, 18, 19, 27, 42–45, 55, 67, 78, 105, 122–124, 159–160, 162–166, 168–177, 179, 181, 182–186, 187–191, 202, 206, 217, 224, 231, 233, 249, 257
Social-identity, 6, 15, 39, 61–62, 66, 73, 75–77, 97, 120–121, 131–133, 135, 137, 140, 145, 148, 167, 204, 238
Socioeconomic status of class, 8
Socio-psychological processes, 4, 5, 8–9, 94, 96, 113, 159, 201, 224
Space industry
demographics, 10, 11, 19, 27, 51, 69, 138, 160–163, 168, 171, 174, 205–206, 223, 248, 253
macro: global space industry, 27–30
meso: Canadian space industry, 31–33
micro: demographics and organization-specific formal rules, 10, 11, 19, 27
Alouette I, 33
Canadian Space Agency demographics, 34–35
MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates demographics, 34
organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
Spar Aerospace, 31, 166
Stakeholder, 11, 28, 32, 95
Standard 20% rule, 4, 33, 163–164, 194, 204, 240, 248
Standpoint theories/ideologies, 51–53, 54, 63, 72–73, 74, 239
State of becoming, 56, 72, 78, 124, 217, 247
State of being, 13, 53–54, 61, 74, 78, 97, 99, 101, 104, 107, 124, 224, 239, 257
Status quo, 65, 71, 106, 114, 119, 166, 224, 264
STEM-professional man/men, 13, 15, 19, 43, 78, 114, 120
cell of influences, 105, 114, 126
empirical, 153, 174, 193, 195, 246–254
micro-political resistances, 240–254
responsibilities, 126–127
STEM-professional woman/women, 4–6, 9–10, 13, 15, 19, 20, 33, 36, 39–40, 53, 61, 72, 76, 79, 103–106, 113–114, 125–127, 244, 263–264
cell of influences, 105–106, 118, 120–121, 162–187, 224, 237
early career, 133–139, 161–172, 202–209
exclusion, 233–239
identities, 131–133
late career, 143–156, 178–197, 213–224
micro-political resistances, 238–240
mid career, 139–143, 172–178, 209–213
Story/Stories, 4–6, 8, 15, 16–17, 19, 61, 62, 70, 92–94, 104, 114–115, 118–119, 124, 127, 131, 133, 134–135, 142, 145, 150, 153–154, 159, 160, 163–164, 166–167, 169–170, 171, 174, 175, 177, 179, 181, 182–183, 185, 187–193, 203–204, 208–209, 211–213, 215–216, 218, 219–220, 223–224, 234, 235, 236, 243–244, 247–249, 251, 254–255, 256
Storytelling, 92, 94, 96, 105, 121, 133, 179, 214
Structural social reality, 51–52
Subject, 7, 12–13, 55–58, 59, 60–61, 64, 67, 72–73, 74, 96–98, 100, 103, 107, 239, 245–247, 257–258
Subjectification, 97–98, 100, 103, 105, 234
Symbolic interactionism/interactionalists, 10, 60, 62, 71
Systems of domination, 98–99
Systems of oppression, 74–75
See also Oppression
Technology/technological innovation, 4, 30–31, 38–39, 42, 182, 209, 219
Technology/technologies (Foucault), 12, 54–55, 72–73
of discourses/knowledge, 58–59
of power-relations, 56–58
of self and subjection, 55–56, 61, 245
Temporal identity, 61
Theoretical Wedge, 14, 63–64, 73
Theory of marginalization, 64, 70, 99, 103
See also Marginalization
Three-dimensional power model, 57
Transgender, 8, 64, 65, 70, 115
Triangulate/triangulation, 114, 120
Triple jeopardy, 63
Two-dimensional model of power, 57
Unstructured interview, 6, 115, 118, 243
US Augustine Committee report, 30
Utopian universalistic theory of discourse, 58–59
Valued-masculine prototype, 39, 203, 214
Violence, 63, 75, 99, 247
Weickian/sensemaking, 8, 17–18, 62, 91, 93, 94–96, 102, 107, 119, 126
WFA. See Workforce availability (WFA)
‘Who I am,’, 7, 14, 15, 54, 60–62, 74, 76, 95, 107, 120, 121, 133, 136–138, 143, 144, 146, 149, 151, 159, 167–168, 194, 236, 241, 263
‘Who I am becoming,’, 7, 14, 54, 62, 74, 76, 107, 120, 121, 133, 138, 149, 159, 241
Womanhood, 100
Workforce availability (WFA), 34, 35
Working interdependently, 29, 160, 194
World War II, 11, 28
École Militaire/École Polytechnique
, 37
Economic determinism
, 52, 72, 258
Elitism
, 121–123, 170, 195, 206, 237
Emancipatory
, 52–53
Emotional involvements/attachment
, 62, 131, 133, 145, 172, 195, 207
Employment Equity Act/legislation
, 34–36, 42, 92, 102, 180, 186, 197, 255
Employment Equity and Diversity Plan
, 36
Employment Equity group(s)
, 34–36
Enactment
, 44, 95, 107, 244–245
Engineer/engineering
, 3–4, 6, 11, 15, 27, 33–35, 37–40, 45, 69, 94, 101, 115–117, 134, 140–143, 144–145, 151–153, 155, 160, 169, 172–173, 177, 179, 180, 181, 184, 187, 188–189, 192, 196–197, 206, 209–212, 214–216, 219–223, 234–235, 237–238, 241, 248
‘Control’
, 140–141, 155, 172, 209–210, 212, 234, 237–238, 241
Engineering-6 (ENG-6)
, 35
junior
, 116–117, 140–143, 150, 162, 172, 178, 221
Epistemology
, 10
Equality
, 42, 68, 69, 101, 102–103, 106, 186, 245, 258
diversity
, 69
outcomes in neoliberal terms
, 258
Equity
, 102–103
See also Canadian Employment Equality Act
Eriksonian identity concept
, 60, 71
construction
, 60
selfsameness
, 60, 101–102
Ethics of self-care
, 56, 245–247, 256
Ethnic (identity)
, 4, 7, 13, 35, 40, 61–64, 66–67, 75, 77–78, 96, 98, 100–102, 114–116, 180, 234
Exclusion
, 4–14, 16–17, 18, 19–20, 33, 35–36, 40, 51–52, 57, 64, 66, 69–74, 91–92, 96–107, 113–114, 121, 124–127, 159, 161, 197, 231, 233–243, 250–251, 254–258, 264
Exclusionary order and social justice initiatives
limits/boundaries
, 237–238
navigating boundaries
, 235, 236–237
not a study of cause-and-effect
, 238–239
range of anchor points
, 233–235
recreating limits/boundaries
, 235–236
resisting limits/boundaries
, 237–238
social justice
, 239–240
STEM-professional men, micro-political resistances
, 242–256
STEM-professional women, micro-political resistances
, 240–242
Executive(s) (EX)
, 4, 6, 11, 34–35, 96, 113, 115, 184, 254–255, 117, 126, 181–182, 186–187, 219, 223, 233
Experience of exclusion
, 96–102, 103–104, 121, 124, 126, 161, 234–239
accusation
, 100–101
anti-male sentiment
, 101
cisgender labor stratification
, 98
colonialism
, 65, 92, 98, 103
dividing practices
, 97–103, 234
domination, contemporary treatments of
, 98–103
equality
, 101–103, 106
equity
, 92, 101–103
Foucault’s system of domination
, 96–98, 103
Indigenous peoples/populations
, 98–100
interlocking oppression
, 99, 103
intersectionality knowledge
, 99–103, 106
‘isms,’
, 98–99
marginalization
, 99–100, 103
normalcy
, 17, 100, 234
oppression
, 91–92, 99, 103
racism
, 65, 97–98, 103
repression
, 96–98
scientific classification
, 97, 99–100, 103
selfsameness
, 101–102
sexism
, 97–98, 103
social problems
, 98
social struggles
, 96–99
subjectification
, 97–98, 100, 103, 105
systems of domination
, 98–99
‘womanhood,’
, 100
Exploitation
, 13, 69, 96, 98–99
Extracted cues
, 95, 107
Face of war
, 29
Feminine-cisgender physical appearance
, 61
Feminine-ideal
, 39, 91, 98, 125, 179, 181, 195–196, 207, 209, 214–215, 217–218, 237, 242–243
Feminisms
, 13, 19, 51–53, 70, 72, 143–144
empiricist
, 52, 72, 74
standpoint
, 14, 51–53, 54, 64, 72, 73, 74, 239
Feminist
, 13–14, 51–53, 63–66, 69–70, 72–73, 74–77, 79, 94, 101, 143–144, 171, 239, 243–244, 246
Formal rules
, 31, 35–37, 42–43
Formative contexts
, 5, 10, 17–18, 19, 27, 40–41, 43–44, 45, 55–56, 91, 103–104, 113, 119, 122–124, 126, 156, 159–160, 162, 164, 175, 179, 181, 187, 194–196, 201, 202–204, 209–210, 214–215, 224, 235, 246, 248, 256–257, 264
adaptable
, 170, 195
“All women are glorified secretaries”
, 183, 196
controlling space structures and women
, 166, 194
dismissive
, 184, 196
diversity in early career
, 187–188, 197
elitism
, 121–123, 170, 195
(embracing) feminine-ideal
, 179, 181, 195
(embracing) masculine-ideal
, 160, 177, 183, 187, 194, 195
feminine-ideal ‘acquiescing’
, 195
(Get rid of the) “old White men”
, 184–185, 197
“having the balls”
, 184–185, 197
helping someone/nurturing and caring
, 15–16, 105–106, 125, 127, 196, 243, 255–256
“human” (was not valued)
, 161, 172, 187, 190, 197
military
, 3–4, 11, 15, 27, 29, 31, 37, 40, 142, 147, 179, 185, 194, 196, 238, 242
no value to multitasking
, 175, 195, 210, 223
“old boys’ club”
, 164, 194, 203, 240, 248–249
pornography
, 145, 164–166, ’194, 249, 263
“pulling all aces”
, 176, 195, 237–238, 242
resilience
, 160, 182, 193, 194, 196
(STEM-professional men) winning awards
, 175, 185, 195, 210, 218, 242, 256
targets for men’s teasing and ‘objects’ to be admired
, 169, 183, 195, 206
trust
, 161, 180–181, 188, 196, 214, 238, 242
uncertainties
, 160, 182, 194, 196, 203–204, 246
‘us’ vs ‘them,’
, 170, 191, 194
We accept only certain people among us
, 170, 195
Forms of context
, 9–11, 18–20, 27–45, 119, 122–126, 159–197, 201–231, 233, 238
formative contexts. See Formative concepts
meta-rules. See Meta-rules
rules
, 42–43
See also Rules
Forms of experiences
, 9–11, 16, 18–20, 44, 91–107, 119, 124, 127, 159–197, 201–230, 233–239
discourse
, 92–94
discourses, critical sensemaking, and exclusion
, 124–126
experience of exclusion
, 96–102
research framework
, 103–107
Weickian and critical sensemaking
, 94–96
Forms of knowledge
, 9–11, 11–16, 18–19, 51–79, 119–122, 123, 131–156, 201–231, 233–235
anchor points
, 67–68, 77–79
feminisms
, 51–53
intersectionality literature
, 59–72
poststructuralism
, 54–59
range of anchor points
, 79, 91, 103, 118, 119–122
research framework
, 74–79
Foucauldian forms. See Forms of context; Forms of experiences; Forms of knowledge
Foucault
ethic of self care
, 56, 245–247, 256
forms
, 9
norms
, 54–55
See also Forms of context
Régime des pratiques (system of practices)
, 12, 54–55, 59
self
, 55–56, 61, 245
systems and processes of domination
, 96–98
technology/technologies of discourses/knowledge
, 58–59
technology/technologies of power-relations
, 56–58
technology/technologies of self and subjection
, 55–56, 61, 245
Four-dimensional power model
, 56–58
Fragmented legitimized errors/truths
, 12, 51, 54, 60–61
Functionalist
, 13, 52, 239
Gender(less), 18, 27, 30, 37–38, 39, 65, 68, 69, 73, 75, 114, 120, 127, 131, 160–161, 178, 179, 181, 185, 194, 203–204, 209, 215, 218, 221, 222, 236–237, 238, 242–245, 252, 255–257
critical sensemaking (CSM) framework, 18
diversity and, 69
and diversity scholar/literature, 7, 68, 69, 120, 131, 257
identities and, 39
neutrality, 38–39, 212
occupational stratification, 27, 37, 38
oscillation, 185
stratification theory, 27, 37, 53, 67, 98, 179, 196, 214, 238
Gender-balanced cabinet, 114
Generalized theory of identity, 64, 66, 70, 73, 100
Global space industry, 27–30
Global space industry, stakeholders, 28
Gramscian hegemony, 52–53
Group of Seven (G7), 28–29
Group of Twenty (G20) countries, 28
Habermas’ power, 57–58, 59
Hegemony, 52–53
Heuristic(s), 10, 17–19, 96, 119
History/historical/the past, 3, 10, 11, 14–15, 17, 27, 30, 35, 37, 51, 54, 55–56, 58, 59, 60, 62, 65–66, 68, 70, 76, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100–101, 105–106, 119, 127, 131, 142, 145, 166, 172, 203, 207, 234, 246
Hybridity, 64, 71
Identity/identities, 5–10, 13–17, 18–19, 35, 38–40, 55–56, 59–69, 94–102, 104–107, 113, 115–117, 119–121, 131–133, 159, 233–235, 252, 254, 256, 257
concepts, 60–68, 101
construction, 60, 62, 95, 107, 123, 132
dualism, 40
and Foucauldian subject/self, 55–56, 60–61
intersectionality/intersecting, 63–72, 76–79, 114–115, 122–123, 237, 239
map of, 134, 136, 140, 143, 146, 151
qualified/professional., 38, 142, 210, 218
relationality and anchor points, 14, 65, 67–68, 70, 73, 78–79, 256
self, 6–7, 16, 35, 39, 60–63, 66, 71, 75–79, 104, 106, 107, 115, 120–122, 131–133, 136, 138–139, 144, 146–147, 149, 152, 154–155, 160, 161, 167, 171, 202, 204, 237
social-identity, 6, 15, 39, 61–62, 66, 73, 75–77, 97, 120–121, 131–133, 135, 137, 140, 145, 148, 167, 204, 238
sociological perspective on, 61–63, 66
temporal, 61
work, 61–62, 76
Ideologies, 15, 38, 51–52, 58, 62, 65, 75, 105, 131, 133, 137, 140, 179, 244
Indigenous populations/peoples, 98, 100
Individual
complex, 6, 14–15, 44, 67, 69–71, 74–75, 77, 100, 103, 107, 113, 115, 118–122, 131–132, 155, 233
Inequality, 53, 65–66, 67, 101, 142
Informal masculine ideal rule, 43
Informal rules, 30, 36, 37, 40, 42–43, 44
Intentionality, 18
Interactional/masculinist studies, 39–40
Interlocking oppression, 99, 103
International partnership, 29
International Space Station (ISS), 29
Intersecting identities, 5, 7, 8, 63–64, 66, 70, 77, 79, 114, 116, 122, 161–162, 239
Intersectional feminism, 9, 10–16, 51, 72, 74–76, 114, 239, 256
antiessentialist posture, 74–75
defined, 75
domestic violence and, 75
Foucault’s system of practices, 74
poststructuralism, 74
Intersectionality, 7–11, 12–16, 19–20, 39–40, 51, 54, 59–72, 73, 76–79, 99–101, 103, 106, 113, 121–122, 233, 257–258
analysis, 66
and anchor points, 13–15
knowledge, 99
thinking, 66, 71
Intersectionality literature, 59–72
anchor points concept, 5, 8, 14, 67–68, 71, 73, 77–79
core concepts of, 65
defined, 5, 7–8, 13–16, 63–65, 66, 73, 76–77
diversity, 68–69
identity categories, 7–8, 14–15, 62–63, 66–68, 75, 77, 98–100, 102, 113, 234
jeopardy, 63
knowledge and, 68
power relations, 63, 65–66, 67–72
privileged individual, 53, 64, 70, 72, 73
relationality and anchor points, 67–68
roots of, 4, 64, 70
taxonomies, 66, 73
Intersectionality scholarship, 7, 10, 14, 20, 40, 59, 63–68, 69–70, 72–74, 77, 79, 99–101, 106, 257–258
‘Isms’, 98–99
Japanese Space Agency (JAXA), 28, 29, 32
Jobs classification, 184
Knowledge workers, 29
Legislation, 38, 41–42, 92, 101–102, 122, 180, 186, 197, 255, 258
Limits, 4–5, 17, 74, 107, 125, 186, 197, 235–239, 255, 257
MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates (MDA), 11, 28, 32, 34–35, 166
Madness and Civilization
, 96–97
“Making infallible decisions”, 30
Male-dominated
cultural heritage, 38
field, 38, 177
STEM industries, 39
Management, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 13, 33–36, 42–44, 51–53, 55, 69, 96, 104, 107, 113, 126–127, 160–163, 174, 181, 185, 205, 223–224, 231, 233, 235–236, 239–240, 241–242, 250–251, 253–256
career, 36
executive position, 34–35, 126
scientific, 52
Western, 52
Manhood, 30, 244
Manliness, 30
Manly courage, 30
Map of identities, 19, 121–122, 123, 126, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 141, 143, 146, 148, 151
Marginalization, 7, 14, 63–64, 70–72, 99–100, 103, 257
See also Theory of marginalization
Masculine-hierarchical structure, 37
Masculine-ideal, 30, 37–40, 44, 160, 177, 183, 187, 194–196, 209–210, 214–215, 217, 219, 237, 242
Masculine/masculinities, 242, 254–255
Materialism, 52
MDA (MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates ), 11, 28, 32, 34–35, 166
Meadian identity construction, 62
Meaning making, 8, 62, 79, 98, 104, 123, 133, 204, 239
Meso-discourse of diversity, 69
Meta-rules, 6, 8, 9–11, 17, 19, 27, 29, 31, 36, 40–43, 44–45, 67, 68, 78, 91, 95, 99, 104, 107, 119, 122, 202–203, 206, 208, 220, 222–224, 256–258
forms of context, 40–42, 122–123, 193–196
STEM-professional women, 193–196
Methodology
critical sensemaking framework, 118–127
data collected, 115–118
forms of context, 122–123
forms of experiences, 124–126
forms of knowledge, 119–122
participants and their recruitment, 113–115
purpose and research questions, 113
STEM-professional men, 126–127
Micro-political resistances, 6, 13, 19–20, 106–107, 127, 239–245, 256, 259
Military, 3, 4, 11, 15, 27, 29–30, 31, 37, 40, 142, 147, 179, 185, 193, 195, 209, 214, 217, 238, 242
engineering-trained men, 4, 11, 15
systems, 37, 40
Moon, 11, 28, 191–192, 197, 222
Multicultural crew/experience, 29, 170
Multiple jeopardy, 63
My possible range of anchor points, 16
Myths, 92–93, 102
Narratives, stories, myths, and sagas, 92–93, 102, 104–105
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), 4, 28–30, 31–32, 40, 153, 191, 194
exclusion and marginalization, 70
institutionalized masculine-ideal, 30, 160
masculine-dominated hierarchy, 69
women shuttle astronauts, 153
(National groups of) astronauts, 29, 131, 153
Non-management personnel, 43
Normal/normalcy, 12, 17, 53, 99, 100, 101, 103, 192, 214, 222, 234
Occupational segregation, 39
One-dimensional model of power, 56–57
Ontology, 13, 63, 66, 73
Oppression, 13, 14, 53, 64, 66, 71, 74, 91, 92, 99, 103
dialectical force of, 53
and discrimination, 14, 91, 92, 99
interlocking, 99, 103
See also Systems of oppressions
Order
“accusation and confession”, 14, 67, 71, 73, 78, 79, 100, 233
discriminatory, 14, 63, 67
dominant culture in, 39
exclusionary, 4–5, 8, 10, 16, 33, 66, 73, 233–239, 264
identity intersections and, 7
social, 4–5, 13–14, 16, 44, 63, 67, 124
Organizational discourses, 6, 41
Organizational myths, 93
Organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
Patriarchy, 53, 65, 66, 98
Payload(s), 31, 41, 141
Positivist, 6, 12–13, 37, 39
Postcolonial(ism), 13, 64–65, 71
Poststructural feminism, 13, 74–75
Poststructuralism, 9, 11–12, 19, 51, 53, 54–59, 60, 63, 72, 74–75, 256
discourses/knowledge, technology of, 58–59
power relations, technology of, 56–58
self and subjection, technology of, 55–56
Poststructuralist, 3, 4, 11–12, 18, 37, 59–61, 71, 74–75, 118
Poststructural ontology, 13
Power, 18, 52, 99, 145, 237
model, 56–58
Powerlessness/powerless, 99
Power-relations, 56–58, 65
problematize, 14, 51, 71, 78, 127, 233, 256
spectrum, 57, 71, 78, 124, 126, 132, 138, 214, 218, 234–237, 243, 247
Privileged individual, 13, 18, 68–69, 70, 72, 73, 98, 106, 242
Process(es) and systems, 91
Profession(s), 11, 38–39, 113–114, 142, 176–177, 210
Project management, 40–41
Race − class − cisgender mantra, 64
Racism, 65, 97–98, 103
RCA Victor Co. Ltd (Montreal), 31
Reflexivity, 15, 54, 61, 104–105, 121, 155
Régime des pratiques (system of practices), 12, 54, 59
Relationality (concept), 14, 18, 65, 67–68, 70, 73, 78, 79, 256
Repression, 44, 96–98
Research framework, 9
forms of context, 11, 40–44
forms of context, of knowledge and of experiences, 9–11
forms of experiences, 11–15, 103–107
forms of knowledge, 16–17, 74–79
Research methodology
critical sensemaking (CSM) framework, 118–127
data collected, 115–118
forms of context, 122–123
forms of experiences, 124–126
forms of knowledge, 119–122
participants and their recruitment, 113–115
purpose and research questions, 113
STEM-professional men, 126–127
Resistance(s), 12, 18–19, 52, 56–58, 62, 73, 74–75, 93, 96, 101, 104–107, 124, 155, 203, 204, 208, 214, 216, 236, 238
micro-political, 6, 13, 19–20, 106–107, 127, 239–244, 256, 259
norms, 56, 67, 106, 245, 247, 251, 256
Reveal(ing), 4
Right Stuff myth (1979), 4, 30, 93
Rules/meta-rules, 5–6, 8–10, 17–18, 19, 40–43, 45, 55–56, 62, 67, 73, 78, 91, 95, 97, 103–107, 113, 119, 121, 122–124, 126, 132, 156, 159–166, 168–171, 172–177, 179–181, 182–186, 187–191, 202–203, 206–207, 209–210, 214, 217–218, 220–222, 252, 256–259, 264
Being put in her place, 170, 195
cisgender multi-tasking, 177, 195, 210
cisgender presentism, 36–37, 175
cisgender stratification, 27, 37, 179, 196, 214, 238
cisgender taking unwanted jobs, 176, 183, 195, 196, 209–210, 217
contradictory occupational position, 183–185, 196, 217–218, 242
“cultural blockage”, 185, 197, 217–218, 242, 255
demographic, 33–35, 41, 160, 162–163, 168, 171, 174, 194
demographic balance, 171, 194
“elite”, 168, 170, 195, 206–207
engineering work ethic, 38, 188, 197, 221
evolution, 42–43
feminine-ideal, 39, 91, 98, 125, 179, 181, 195–196, 207, 209, 214, 215, 217–218, 237, 242–243
formal, 27, 30, 31, 33–37, 40, 42–43
(cis)gender naming of space structures, 162, 166, 194, 203, 240
“Having the balls”, 184–185, 197, 218, 237, 242, 254–255
infantilizing STEM-professional women, 190–191, 196, 221, 222, 240
informal, 27, 30, 36–37, 40, 42–44
“inhuman” pool hiring, 161, 173–174, 180, 186, 189–190, 194–195, 197, 210, 221, 242, 252, 253, 255, 259
“it has to be that way”, 184–185, 197, 218, 254
limits of human resources, 186, 197, 255, 257
masculine-ideals, 30, 38–39, 40, 44, 160, 177, 183, 187, 194–196, 209, 210, 214, 215, 217, 219, 237, 242
need to be “adaptable”, 170, 195, 206–207, 240
no trust, 188, 197
order of engineers, 180–181, 195, 214
program/project cancellation, 29, 162, 194, 203
“standard” 20%, 4, 33, 163–164, 194, 204, 240, 248
taking unwanted jobs, 36, 176, 183, 195–196, 209–210, 217
“the only girl here”, 169, 171, 179, 195–196, 206–207, 214
trust hiring, 161, 180, 181, 196, 214, 238, 242
unwritten, 27, 42–43
“we don’t hire anyone”, 123, 170, 195
written, 27, 42–43
Russian occupation of Ukrainian Crimea, 29
Russian symbiotic relationship, 29
Sagas, 92–94, 102
Sameness, 3, 54, 60, 71, 101–102
Sample
diverse, 70
organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
participants, 115, 118, 178
STEM-professional women, 178
stories and narratives, 126
Scientific classification (Foucault), 97, 99–100, 103, 234
management, 52
Self and subjection, technology of, 55–56, 61, 246
Self-care, ethic of, 245–247
Selfsameness, 60, 101–102
Sensegiving entity, 124
Sexism, 13, 65, 97–98, 103, 201, 251
Silent killers, 235, 264
Sinclair Radio Laboratories (Toronto), 31
Social
context, 8, 65, 67, 79
determinism, 14, 64
inequality, 53, 65, 66, 67, 101, 142
interactions, 4, 6–8, 11, 17, 19, 27, 40, 41, 43–44, 56, 58, 60, 63, 67, 69, 71, 75, 77–79, 92, 95, 104, 119, 123–124, 132, 162, 193, 203, 209–210, 217, 220, 224, 231, 235, 247, 252, 257–258
justice, 13, 19,-20, 65, 67, 106, 127, 233, 239–256, 258–259
values, 6, 8, 10, 18, 19, 27, 42–45, 55, 67, 78, 105, 122–124, 159–160, 162–166, 168–177, 179, 181, 182–186, 187–191, 202, 206, 217, 224, 231, 233, 249, 257
Social-identity, 6, 15, 39, 61–62, 66, 73, 75–77, 97, 120–121, 131–133, 135, 137, 140, 145, 148, 167, 204, 238
Socioeconomic status of class, 8
Socio-psychological processes, 4, 5, 8–9, 94, 96, 113, 159, 201, 224
Space industry
demographics, 10, 11, 19, 27, 51, 69, 138, 160–163, 168, 171, 174, 205–206, 223, 248, 253
macro: global space industry, 27–30
meso: Canadian space industry, 31–33
micro: demographics and organization-specific formal rules, 10, 11, 19, 27
Alouette I, 33
Canadian Space Agency demographics, 34–35
MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates demographics, 34
organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
Spar Aerospace, 31, 166
Stakeholder, 11, 28, 32, 95
Standard 20% rule, 4, 33, 163–164, 194, 204, 240, 248
Standpoint theories/ideologies, 51–53, 54, 63, 72–73, 74, 239
State of becoming, 56, 72, 78, 124, 217, 247
State of being, 13, 53–54, 61, 74, 78, 97, 99, 101, 104, 107, 124, 224, 239, 257
Status quo, 65, 71, 106, 114, 119, 166, 224, 264
STEM-professional man/men, 13, 15, 19, 43, 78, 114, 120
cell of influences, 105, 114, 126
empirical, 153, 174, 193, 195, 246–254
micro-political resistances, 240–254
responsibilities, 126–127
STEM-professional woman/women, 4–6, 9–10, 13, 15, 19, 20, 33, 36, 39–40, 53, 61, 72, 76, 79, 103–106, 113–114, 125–127, 244, 263–264
cell of influences, 105–106, 118, 120–121, 162–187, 224, 237
early career, 133–139, 161–172, 202–209
exclusion, 233–239
identities, 131–133
late career, 143–156, 178–197, 213–224
micro-political resistances, 238–240
mid career, 139–143, 172–178, 209–213
Story/Stories, 4–6, 8, 15, 16–17, 19, 61, 62, 70, 92–94, 104, 114–115, 118–119, 124, 127, 131, 133, 134–135, 142, 145, 150, 153–154, 159, 160, 163–164, 166–167, 169–170, 171, 174, 175, 177, 179, 181, 182–183, 185, 187–193, 203–204, 208–209, 211–213, 215–216, 218, 219–220, 223–224, 234, 235, 236, 243–244, 247–249, 251, 254–255, 256
Storytelling, 92, 94, 96, 105, 121, 133, 179, 214
Structural social reality, 51–52
Subject, 7, 12–13, 55–58, 59, 60–61, 64, 67, 72–73, 74, 96–98, 100, 103, 107, 239, 245–247, 257–258
Subjectification, 97–98, 100, 103, 105, 234
Symbolic interactionism/interactionalists, 10, 60, 62, 71
Systems of domination, 98–99
Systems of oppression, 74–75
See also Oppression
Technology/technological innovation, 4, 30–31, 38–39, 42, 182, 209, 219
Technology/technologies (Foucault), 12, 54–55, 72–73
of discourses/knowledge, 58–59
of power-relations, 56–58
of self and subjection, 55–56, 61, 245
Temporal identity, 61
Theoretical Wedge, 14, 63–64, 73
Theory of marginalization, 64, 70, 99, 103
See also Marginalization
Three-dimensional power model, 57
Transgender, 8, 64, 65, 70, 115
Triangulate/triangulation, 114, 120
Triple jeopardy, 63
Two-dimensional model of power, 57
Unstructured interview, 6, 115, 118, 243
US Augustine Committee report, 30
Utopian universalistic theory of discourse, 58–59
Valued-masculine prototype, 39, 203, 214
Violence, 63, 75, 99, 247
Weickian/sensemaking, 8, 17–18, 62, 91, 93, 94–96, 102, 107, 119, 126
WFA. See Workforce availability (WFA)
‘Who I am,’, 7, 14, 15, 54, 60–62, 74, 76, 95, 107, 120, 121, 133, 136–138, 143, 144, 146, 149, 151, 159, 167–168, 194, 236, 241, 263
‘Who I am becoming,’, 7, 14, 54, 62, 74, 76, 107, 120, 121, 133, 138, 149, 159, 241
Womanhood, 100
Workforce availability (WFA), 34, 35
Working interdependently, 29, 160, 194
World War II, 11, 28
Gender(less)
, 18, 27, 30, 37–38, 39, 65, 68, 69, 73, 75, 114, 120, 127, 131, 160–161, 178, 179, 181, 185, 194, 203–204, 209, 215, 218, 221, 222, 236–237, 238, 242–245, 252, 255–257
critical sensemaking (CSM) framework
, 18
diversity and
, 69
and diversity scholar/literature
, 7, 68, 69, 120, 131, 257
identities and
, 39
neutrality
, 38–39, 212
occupational stratification
, 27, 37, 38
oscillation
, 185
stratification theory
, 27, 37, 53, 67, 98, 179, 196, 214, 238
Gender-balanced cabinet
, 114
Generalized theory of identity
, 64, 66, 70, 73, 100
Global space industry
, 27–30
Global space industry, stakeholders
, 28
Gramscian hegemony
, 52–53
Group of Seven (G7)
, 28–29
Group of Twenty (G20) countries
, 28
Habermas’ power
, 57–58, 59
Hegemony
, 52–53
Heuristic(s)
, 10, 17–19, 96, 119
History/historical/the past
, 3, 10, 11, 14–15, 17, 27, 30, 35, 37, 51, 54, 55–56, 58, 59, 60, 62, 65–66, 68, 70, 76, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100–101, 105–106, 119, 127, 131, 142, 145, 166, 172, 203, 207, 234, 246
Hybridity
, 64, 71
Identity/identities, 5–10, 13–17, 18–19, 35, 38–40, 55–56, 59–69, 94–102, 104–107, 113, 115–117, 119–121, 131–133, 159, 233–235, 252, 254, 256, 257
concepts, 60–68, 101
construction, 60, 62, 95, 107, 123, 132
dualism, 40
and Foucauldian subject/self, 55–56, 60–61
intersectionality/intersecting, 63–72, 76–79, 114–115, 122–123, 237, 239
map of, 134, 136, 140, 143, 146, 151
qualified/professional., 38, 142, 210, 218
relationality and anchor points, 14, 65, 67–68, 70, 73, 78–79, 256
self, 6–7, 16, 35, 39, 60–63, 66, 71, 75–79, 104, 106, 107, 115, 120–122, 131–133, 136, 138–139, 144, 146–147, 149, 152, 154–155, 160, 161, 167, 171, 202, 204, 237
social-identity, 6, 15, 39, 61–62, 66, 73, 75–77, 97, 120–121, 131–133, 135, 137, 140, 145, 148, 167, 204, 238
sociological perspective on, 61–63, 66
temporal, 61
work, 61–62, 76
Ideologies, 15, 38, 51–52, 58, 62, 65, 75, 105, 131, 133, 137, 140, 179, 244
Indigenous populations/peoples, 98, 100
Individual
complex, 6, 14–15, 44, 67, 69–71, 74–75, 77, 100, 103, 107, 113, 115, 118–122, 131–132, 155, 233
Inequality, 53, 65–66, 67, 101, 142
Informal masculine ideal rule, 43
Informal rules, 30, 36, 37, 40, 42–43, 44
Intentionality, 18
Interactional/masculinist studies, 39–40
Interlocking oppression, 99, 103
International partnership, 29
International Space Station (ISS), 29
Intersecting identities, 5, 7, 8, 63–64, 66, 70, 77, 79, 114, 116, 122, 161–162, 239
Intersectional feminism, 9, 10–16, 51, 72, 74–76, 114, 239, 256
antiessentialist posture, 74–75
defined, 75
domestic violence and, 75
Foucault’s system of practices, 74
poststructuralism, 74
Intersectionality, 7–11, 12–16, 19–20, 39–40, 51, 54, 59–72, 73, 76–79, 99–101, 103, 106, 113, 121–122, 233, 257–258
analysis, 66
and anchor points, 13–15
knowledge, 99
thinking, 66, 71
Intersectionality literature, 59–72
anchor points concept, 5, 8, 14, 67–68, 71, 73, 77–79
core concepts of, 65
defined, 5, 7–8, 13–16, 63–65, 66, 73, 76–77
diversity, 68–69
identity categories, 7–8, 14–15, 62–63, 66–68, 75, 77, 98–100, 102, 113, 234
jeopardy, 63
knowledge and, 68
power relations, 63, 65–66, 67–72
privileged individual, 53, 64, 70, 72, 73
relationality and anchor points, 67–68
roots of, 4, 64, 70
taxonomies, 66, 73
Intersectionality scholarship, 7, 10, 14, 20, 40, 59, 63–68, 69–70, 72–74, 77, 79, 99–101, 106, 257–258
‘Isms’, 98–99
Japanese Space Agency (JAXA), 28, 29, 32
Jobs classification, 184
Knowledge workers, 29
Legislation, 38, 41–42, 92, 101–102, 122, 180, 186, 197, 255, 258
Limits, 4–5, 17, 74, 107, 125, 186, 197, 235–239, 255, 257
MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates (MDA), 11, 28, 32, 34–35, 166
Madness and Civilization
, 96–97
“Making infallible decisions”, 30
Male-dominated
cultural heritage, 38
field, 38, 177
STEM industries, 39
Management, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 13, 33–36, 42–44, 51–53, 55, 69, 96, 104, 107, 113, 126–127, 160–163, 174, 181, 185, 205, 223–224, 231, 233, 235–236, 239–240, 241–242, 250–251, 253–256
career, 36
executive position, 34–35, 126
scientific, 52
Western, 52
Manhood, 30, 244
Manliness, 30
Manly courage, 30
Map of identities, 19, 121–122, 123, 126, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 141, 143, 146, 148, 151
Marginalization, 7, 14, 63–64, 70–72, 99–100, 103, 257
See also Theory of marginalization
Masculine-hierarchical structure, 37
Masculine-ideal, 30, 37–40, 44, 160, 177, 183, 187, 194–196, 209–210, 214–215, 217, 219, 237, 242
Masculine/masculinities, 242, 254–255
Materialism, 52
MDA (MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates ), 11, 28, 32, 34–35, 166
Meadian identity construction, 62
Meaning making, 8, 62, 79, 98, 104, 123, 133, 204, 239
Meso-discourse of diversity, 69
Meta-rules, 6, 8, 9–11, 17, 19, 27, 29, 31, 36, 40–43, 44–45, 67, 68, 78, 91, 95, 99, 104, 107, 119, 122, 202–203, 206, 208, 220, 222–224, 256–258
forms of context, 40–42, 122–123, 193–196
STEM-professional women, 193–196
Methodology
critical sensemaking framework, 118–127
data collected, 115–118
forms of context, 122–123
forms of experiences, 124–126
forms of knowledge, 119–122
participants and their recruitment, 113–115
purpose and research questions, 113
STEM-professional men, 126–127
Micro-political resistances, 6, 13, 19–20, 106–107, 127, 239–245, 256, 259
Military, 3, 4, 11, 15, 27, 29–30, 31, 37, 40, 142, 147, 179, 185, 193, 195, 209, 214, 217, 238, 242
engineering-trained men, 4, 11, 15
systems, 37, 40
Moon, 11, 28, 191–192, 197, 222
Multicultural crew/experience, 29, 170
Multiple jeopardy, 63
My possible range of anchor points, 16
Myths, 92–93, 102
Narratives, stories, myths, and sagas, 92–93, 102, 104–105
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), 4, 28–30, 31–32, 40, 153, 191, 194
exclusion and marginalization, 70
institutionalized masculine-ideal, 30, 160
masculine-dominated hierarchy, 69
women shuttle astronauts, 153
(National groups of) astronauts, 29, 131, 153
Non-management personnel, 43
Normal/normalcy, 12, 17, 53, 99, 100, 101, 103, 192, 214, 222, 234
Occupational segregation, 39
One-dimensional model of power, 56–57
Ontology, 13, 63, 66, 73
Oppression, 13, 14, 53, 64, 66, 71, 74, 91, 92, 99, 103
dialectical force of, 53
and discrimination, 14, 91, 92, 99
interlocking, 99, 103
See also Systems of oppressions
Order
“accusation and confession”, 14, 67, 71, 73, 78, 79, 100, 233
discriminatory, 14, 63, 67
dominant culture in, 39
exclusionary, 4–5, 8, 10, 16, 33, 66, 73, 233–239, 264
identity intersections and, 7
social, 4–5, 13–14, 16, 44, 63, 67, 124
Organizational discourses, 6, 41
Organizational myths, 93
Organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
Patriarchy, 53, 65, 66, 98
Payload(s), 31, 41, 141
Positivist, 6, 12–13, 37, 39
Postcolonial(ism), 13, 64–65, 71
Poststructural feminism, 13, 74–75
Poststructuralism, 9, 11–12, 19, 51, 53, 54–59, 60, 63, 72, 74–75, 256
discourses/knowledge, technology of, 58–59
power relations, technology of, 56–58
self and subjection, technology of, 55–56
Poststructuralist, 3, 4, 11–12, 18, 37, 59–61, 71, 74–75, 118
Poststructural ontology, 13
Power, 18, 52, 99, 145, 237
model, 56–58
Powerlessness/powerless, 99
Power-relations, 56–58, 65
problematize, 14, 51, 71, 78, 127, 233, 256
spectrum, 57, 71, 78, 124, 126, 132, 138, 214, 218, 234–237, 243, 247
Privileged individual, 13, 18, 68–69, 70, 72, 73, 98, 106, 242
Process(es) and systems, 91
Profession(s), 11, 38–39, 113–114, 142, 176–177, 210
Project management, 40–41
Race − class − cisgender mantra, 64
Racism, 65, 97–98, 103
RCA Victor Co. Ltd (Montreal), 31
Reflexivity, 15, 54, 61, 104–105, 121, 155
Régime des pratiques (system of practices), 12, 54, 59
Relationality (concept), 14, 18, 65, 67–68, 70, 73, 78, 79, 256
Repression, 44, 96–98
Research framework, 9
forms of context, 11, 40–44
forms of context, of knowledge and of experiences, 9–11
forms of experiences, 11–15, 103–107
forms of knowledge, 16–17, 74–79
Research methodology
critical sensemaking (CSM) framework, 118–127
data collected, 115–118
forms of context, 122–123
forms of experiences, 124–126
forms of knowledge, 119–122
participants and their recruitment, 113–115
purpose and research questions, 113
STEM-professional men, 126–127
Resistance(s), 12, 18–19, 52, 56–58, 62, 73, 74–75, 93, 96, 101, 104–107, 124, 155, 203, 204, 208, 214, 216, 236, 238
micro-political, 6, 13, 19–20, 106–107, 127, 239–244, 256, 259
norms, 56, 67, 106, 245, 247, 251, 256
Reveal(ing), 4
Right Stuff myth (1979), 4, 30, 93
Rules/meta-rules, 5–6, 8–10, 17–18, 19, 40–43, 45, 55–56, 62, 67, 73, 78, 91, 95, 97, 103–107, 113, 119, 121, 122–124, 126, 132, 156, 159–166, 168–171, 172–177, 179–181, 182–186, 187–191, 202–203, 206–207, 209–210, 214, 217–218, 220–222, 252, 256–259, 264
Being put in her place, 170, 195
cisgender multi-tasking, 177, 195, 210
cisgender presentism, 36–37, 175
cisgender stratification, 27, 37, 179, 196, 214, 238
cisgender taking unwanted jobs, 176, 183, 195, 196, 209–210, 217
contradictory occupational position, 183–185, 196, 217–218, 242
“cultural blockage”, 185, 197, 217–218, 242, 255
demographic, 33–35, 41, 160, 162–163, 168, 171, 174, 194
demographic balance, 171, 194
“elite”, 168, 170, 195, 206–207
engineering work ethic, 38, 188, 197, 221
evolution, 42–43
feminine-ideal, 39, 91, 98, 125, 179, 181, 195–196, 207, 209, 214, 215, 217–218, 237, 242–243
formal, 27, 30, 31, 33–37, 40, 42–43
(cis)gender naming of space structures, 162, 166, 194, 203, 240
“Having the balls”, 184–185, 197, 218, 237, 242, 254–255
infantilizing STEM-professional women, 190–191, 196, 221, 222, 240
informal, 27, 30, 36–37, 40, 42–44
“inhuman” pool hiring, 161, 173–174, 180, 186, 189–190, 194–195, 197, 210, 221, 242, 252, 253, 255, 259
“it has to be that way”, 184–185, 197, 218, 254
limits of human resources, 186, 197, 255, 257
masculine-ideals, 30, 38–39, 40, 44, 160, 177, 183, 187, 194–196, 209, 210, 214, 215, 217, 219, 237, 242
need to be “adaptable”, 170, 195, 206–207, 240
no trust, 188, 197
order of engineers, 180–181, 195, 214
program/project cancellation, 29, 162, 194, 203
“standard” 20%, 4, 33, 163–164, 194, 204, 240, 248
taking unwanted jobs, 36, 176, 183, 195–196, 209–210, 217
“the only girl here”, 169, 171, 179, 195–196, 206–207, 214
trust hiring, 161, 180, 181, 196, 214, 238, 242
unwritten, 27, 42–43
“we don’t hire anyone”, 123, 170, 195
written, 27, 42–43
Russian occupation of Ukrainian Crimea, 29
Russian symbiotic relationship, 29
Sagas, 92–94, 102
Sameness, 3, 54, 60, 71, 101–102
Sample
diverse, 70
organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
participants, 115, 118, 178
STEM-professional women, 178
stories and narratives, 126
Scientific classification (Foucault), 97, 99–100, 103, 234
management, 52
Self and subjection, technology of, 55–56, 61, 246
Self-care, ethic of, 245–247
Selfsameness, 60, 101–102
Sensegiving entity, 124
Sexism, 13, 65, 97–98, 103, 201, 251
Silent killers, 235, 264
Sinclair Radio Laboratories (Toronto), 31
Social
context, 8, 65, 67, 79
determinism, 14, 64
inequality, 53, 65, 66, 67, 101, 142
interactions, 4, 6–8, 11, 17, 19, 27, 40, 41, 43–44, 56, 58, 60, 63, 67, 69, 71, 75, 77–79, 92, 95, 104, 119, 123–124, 132, 162, 193, 203, 209–210, 217, 220, 224, 231, 235, 247, 252, 257–258
justice, 13, 19,-20, 65, 67, 106, 127, 233, 239–256, 258–259
values, 6, 8, 10, 18, 19, 27, 42–45, 55, 67, 78, 105, 122–124, 159–160, 162–166, 168–177, 179, 181, 182–186, 187–191, 202, 206, 217, 224, 231, 233, 249, 257
Social-identity, 6, 15, 39, 61–62, 66, 73, 75–77, 97, 120–121, 131–133, 135, 137, 140, 145, 148, 167, 204, 238
Socioeconomic status of class, 8
Socio-psychological processes, 4, 5, 8–9, 94, 96, 113, 159, 201, 224
Space industry
demographics, 10, 11, 19, 27, 51, 69, 138, 160–163, 168, 171, 174, 205–206, 223, 248, 253
macro: global space industry, 27–30
meso: Canadian space industry, 31–33
micro: demographics and organization-specific formal rules, 10, 11, 19, 27
Alouette I, 33
Canadian Space Agency demographics, 34–35
MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates demographics, 34
organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
Spar Aerospace, 31, 166
Stakeholder, 11, 28, 32, 95
Standard 20% rule, 4, 33, 163–164, 194, 204, 240, 248
Standpoint theories/ideologies, 51–53, 54, 63, 72–73, 74, 239
State of becoming, 56, 72, 78, 124, 217, 247
State of being, 13, 53–54, 61, 74, 78, 97, 99, 101, 104, 107, 124, 224, 239, 257
Status quo, 65, 71, 106, 114, 119, 166, 224, 264
STEM-professional man/men, 13, 15, 19, 43, 78, 114, 120
cell of influences, 105, 114, 126
empirical, 153, 174, 193, 195, 246–254
micro-political resistances, 240–254
responsibilities, 126–127
STEM-professional woman/women, 4–6, 9–10, 13, 15, 19, 20, 33, 36, 39–40, 53, 61, 72, 76, 79, 103–106, 113–114, 125–127, 244, 263–264
cell of influences, 105–106, 118, 120–121, 162–187, 224, 237
early career, 133–139, 161–172, 202–209
exclusion, 233–239
identities, 131–133
late career, 143–156, 178–197, 213–224
micro-political resistances, 238–240
mid career, 139–143, 172–178, 209–213
Story/Stories, 4–6, 8, 15, 16–17, 19, 61, 62, 70, 92–94, 104, 114–115, 118–119, 124, 127, 131, 133, 134–135, 142, 145, 150, 153–154, 159, 160, 163–164, 166–167, 169–170, 171, 174, 175, 177, 179, 181, 182–183, 185, 187–193, 203–204, 208–209, 211–213, 215–216, 218, 219–220, 223–224, 234, 235, 236, 243–244, 247–249, 251, 254–255, 256
Storytelling, 92, 94, 96, 105, 121, 133, 179, 214
Structural social reality, 51–52
Subject, 7, 12–13, 55–58, 59, 60–61, 64, 67, 72–73, 74, 96–98, 100, 103, 107, 239, 245–247, 257–258
Subjectification, 97–98, 100, 103, 105, 234
Symbolic interactionism/interactionalists, 10, 60, 62, 71
Systems of domination, 98–99
Systems of oppression, 74–75
See also Oppression
Technology/technological innovation, 4, 30–31, 38–39, 42, 182, 209, 219
Technology/technologies (Foucault), 12, 54–55, 72–73
of discourses/knowledge, 58–59
of power-relations, 56–58
of self and subjection, 55–56, 61, 245
Temporal identity, 61
Theoretical Wedge, 14, 63–64, 73
Theory of marginalization, 64, 70, 99, 103
See also Marginalization
Three-dimensional power model, 57
Transgender, 8, 64, 65, 70, 115
Triangulate/triangulation, 114, 120
Triple jeopardy, 63
Two-dimensional model of power, 57
Unstructured interview, 6, 115, 118, 243
US Augustine Committee report, 30
Utopian universalistic theory of discourse, 58–59
Valued-masculine prototype, 39, 203, 214
Violence, 63, 75, 99, 247
Weickian/sensemaking, 8, 17–18, 62, 91, 93, 94–96, 102, 107, 119, 126
WFA. See Workforce availability (WFA)
‘Who I am,’, 7, 14, 15, 54, 60–62, 74, 76, 95, 107, 120, 121, 133, 136–138, 143, 144, 146, 149, 151, 159, 167–168, 194, 236, 241, 263
‘Who I am becoming,’, 7, 14, 54, 62, 74, 76, 107, 120, 121, 133, 138, 149, 159, 241
Womanhood, 100
Workforce availability (WFA), 34, 35
Working interdependently, 29, 160, 194
World War II, 11, 28
Identity/identities
, 5–10, 13–17, 18–19, 35, 38–40, 55–56, 59–69, 94–102, 104–107, 113, 115–117, 119–121, 131–133, 159, 233–235, 252, 254, 256, 257
concepts
, 60–68, 101
construction
, 60, 62, 95, 107, 123, 132
dualism
, 40
and Foucauldian subject/self
, 55–56, 60–61
intersectionality/intersecting
, 63–72, 76–79, 114–115, 122–123, 237, 239
map of
, 134, 136, 140, 143, 146, 151
qualified/professional.
, 38, 142, 210, 218
relationality and anchor points
, 14, 65, 67–68, 70, 73, 78–79, 256
self
, 6–7, 16, 35, 39, 60–63, 66, 71, 75–79, 104, 106, 107, 115, 120–122, 131–133, 136, 138–139, 144, 146–147, 149, 152, 154–155, 160, 161, 167, 171, 202, 204, 237
social-identity
, 6, 15, 39, 61–62, 66, 73, 75–77, 97, 120–121, 131–133, 135, 137, 140, 145, 148, 167, 204, 238
sociological perspective on
, 61–63, 66
temporal
, 61
work
, 61–62, 76
Ideologies
, 15, 38, 51–52, 58, 62, 65, 75, 105, 131, 133, 137, 140, 179, 244
Indigenous populations/peoples
, 98, 100
Individual
complex
, 6, 14–15, 44, 67, 69–71, 74–75, 77, 100, 103, 107, 113, 115, 118–122, 131–132, 155, 233
Inequality
, 53, 65–66, 67, 101, 142
Informal masculine ideal rule
, 43
Informal rules
, 30, 36, 37, 40, 42–43, 44
Intentionality
, 18
Interactional/masculinist studies
, 39–40
Interlocking oppression
, 99, 103
International partnership
, 29
International Space Station (ISS)
, 29
Intersecting identities
, 5, 7, 8, 63–64, 66, 70, 77, 79, 114, 116, 122, 161–162, 239
Intersectional feminism
, 9, 10–16, 51, 72, 74–76, 114, 239, 256
antiessentialist posture
, 74–75
defined
, 75
domestic violence and
, 75
Foucault’s system of practices
, 74
poststructuralism
, 74
Intersectionality
, 7–11, 12–16, 19–20, 39–40, 51, 54, 59–72, 73, 76–79, 99–101, 103, 106, 113, 121–122, 233, 257–258
analysis
, 66
and anchor points
, 13–15
knowledge
, 99
thinking
, 66, 71
Intersectionality literature
, 59–72
anchor points concept
, 5, 8, 14, 67–68, 71, 73, 77–79
core concepts of
, 65
defined
, 5, 7–8, 13–16, 63–65, 66, 73, 76–77
diversity
, 68–69
identity categories
, 7–8, 14–15, 62–63, 66–68, 75, 77, 98–100, 102, 113, 234
jeopardy
, 63
knowledge and
, 68
power relations
, 63, 65–66, 67–72
privileged individual
, 53, 64, 70, 72, 73
relationality and anchor points
, 67–68
roots of
, 4, 64, 70
taxonomies
, 66, 73
Intersectionality scholarship
, 7, 10, 14, 20, 40, 59, 63–68, 69–70, 72–74, 77, 79, 99–101, 106, 257–258
‘Isms’
, 98–99
Japanese Space Agency (JAXA)
, 28, 29, 32
Jobs classification
, 184
Knowledge workers, 29
Legislation, 38, 41–42, 92, 101–102, 122, 180, 186, 197, 255, 258
Limits, 4–5, 17, 74, 107, 125, 186, 197, 235–239, 255, 257
MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates (MDA), 11, 28, 32, 34–35, 166
Madness and Civilization
, 96–97
“Making infallible decisions”, 30
Male-dominated
cultural heritage, 38
field, 38, 177
STEM industries, 39
Management, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 13, 33–36, 42–44, 51–53, 55, 69, 96, 104, 107, 113, 126–127, 160–163, 174, 181, 185, 205, 223–224, 231, 233, 235–236, 239–240, 241–242, 250–251, 253–256
career, 36
executive position, 34–35, 126
scientific, 52
Western, 52
Manhood, 30, 244
Manliness, 30
Manly courage, 30
Map of identities, 19, 121–122, 123, 126, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 141, 143, 146, 148, 151
Marginalization, 7, 14, 63–64, 70–72, 99–100, 103, 257
See also Theory of marginalization
Masculine-hierarchical structure, 37
Masculine-ideal, 30, 37–40, 44, 160, 177, 183, 187, 194–196, 209–210, 214–215, 217, 219, 237, 242
Masculine/masculinities, 242, 254–255
Materialism, 52
MDA (MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates ), 11, 28, 32, 34–35, 166
Meadian identity construction, 62
Meaning making, 8, 62, 79, 98, 104, 123, 133, 204, 239
Meso-discourse of diversity, 69
Meta-rules, 6, 8, 9–11, 17, 19, 27, 29, 31, 36, 40–43, 44–45, 67, 68, 78, 91, 95, 99, 104, 107, 119, 122, 202–203, 206, 208, 220, 222–224, 256–258
forms of context, 40–42, 122–123, 193–196
STEM-professional women, 193–196
Methodology
critical sensemaking framework, 118–127
data collected, 115–118
forms of context, 122–123
forms of experiences, 124–126
forms of knowledge, 119–122
participants and their recruitment, 113–115
purpose and research questions, 113
STEM-professional men, 126–127
Micro-political resistances, 6, 13, 19–20, 106–107, 127, 239–245, 256, 259
Military, 3, 4, 11, 15, 27, 29–30, 31, 37, 40, 142, 147, 179, 185, 193, 195, 209, 214, 217, 238, 242
engineering-trained men, 4, 11, 15
systems, 37, 40
Moon, 11, 28, 191–192, 197, 222
Multicultural crew/experience, 29, 170
Multiple jeopardy, 63
My possible range of anchor points, 16
Myths, 92–93, 102
Narratives, stories, myths, and sagas, 92–93, 102, 104–105
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), 4, 28–30, 31–32, 40, 153, 191, 194
exclusion and marginalization, 70
institutionalized masculine-ideal, 30, 160
masculine-dominated hierarchy, 69
women shuttle astronauts, 153
(National groups of) astronauts, 29, 131, 153
Non-management personnel, 43
Normal/normalcy, 12, 17, 53, 99, 100, 101, 103, 192, 214, 222, 234
Occupational segregation, 39
One-dimensional model of power, 56–57
Ontology, 13, 63, 66, 73
Oppression, 13, 14, 53, 64, 66, 71, 74, 91, 92, 99, 103
dialectical force of, 53
and discrimination, 14, 91, 92, 99
interlocking, 99, 103
See also Systems of oppressions
Order
“accusation and confession”, 14, 67, 71, 73, 78, 79, 100, 233
discriminatory, 14, 63, 67
dominant culture in, 39
exclusionary, 4–5, 8, 10, 16, 33, 66, 73, 233–239, 264
identity intersections and, 7
social, 4–5, 13–14, 16, 44, 63, 67, 124
Organizational discourses, 6, 41
Organizational myths, 93
Organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
Patriarchy, 53, 65, 66, 98
Payload(s), 31, 41, 141
Positivist, 6, 12–13, 37, 39
Postcolonial(ism), 13, 64–65, 71
Poststructural feminism, 13, 74–75
Poststructuralism, 9, 11–12, 19, 51, 53, 54–59, 60, 63, 72, 74–75, 256
discourses/knowledge, technology of, 58–59
power relations, technology of, 56–58
self and subjection, technology of, 55–56
Poststructuralist, 3, 4, 11–12, 18, 37, 59–61, 71, 74–75, 118
Poststructural ontology, 13
Power, 18, 52, 99, 145, 237
model, 56–58
Powerlessness/powerless, 99
Power-relations, 56–58, 65
problematize, 14, 51, 71, 78, 127, 233, 256
spectrum, 57, 71, 78, 124, 126, 132, 138, 214, 218, 234–237, 243, 247
Privileged individual, 13, 18, 68–69, 70, 72, 73, 98, 106, 242
Process(es) and systems, 91
Profession(s), 11, 38–39, 113–114, 142, 176–177, 210
Project management, 40–41
Race − class − cisgender mantra, 64
Racism, 65, 97–98, 103
RCA Victor Co. Ltd (Montreal), 31
Reflexivity, 15, 54, 61, 104–105, 121, 155
Régime des pratiques (system of practices), 12, 54, 59
Relationality (concept), 14, 18, 65, 67–68, 70, 73, 78, 79, 256
Repression, 44, 96–98
Research framework, 9
forms of context, 11, 40–44
forms of context, of knowledge and of experiences, 9–11
forms of experiences, 11–15, 103–107
forms of knowledge, 16–17, 74–79
Research methodology
critical sensemaking (CSM) framework, 118–127
data collected, 115–118
forms of context, 122–123
forms of experiences, 124–126
forms of knowledge, 119–122
participants and their recruitment, 113–115
purpose and research questions, 113
STEM-professional men, 126–127
Resistance(s), 12, 18–19, 52, 56–58, 62, 73, 74–75, 93, 96, 101, 104–107, 124, 155, 203, 204, 208, 214, 216, 236, 238
micro-political, 6, 13, 19–20, 106–107, 127, 239–244, 256, 259
norms, 56, 67, 106, 245, 247, 251, 256
Reveal(ing), 4
Right Stuff myth (1979), 4, 30, 93
Rules/meta-rules, 5–6, 8–10, 17–18, 19, 40–43, 45, 55–56, 62, 67, 73, 78, 91, 95, 97, 103–107, 113, 119, 121, 122–124, 126, 132, 156, 159–166, 168–171, 172–177, 179–181, 182–186, 187–191, 202–203, 206–207, 209–210, 214, 217–218, 220–222, 252, 256–259, 264
Being put in her place, 170, 195
cisgender multi-tasking, 177, 195, 210
cisgender presentism, 36–37, 175
cisgender stratification, 27, 37, 179, 196, 214, 238
cisgender taking unwanted jobs, 176, 183, 195, 196, 209–210, 217
contradictory occupational position, 183–185, 196, 217–218, 242
“cultural blockage”, 185, 197, 217–218, 242, 255
demographic, 33–35, 41, 160, 162–163, 168, 171, 174, 194
demographic balance, 171, 194
“elite”, 168, 170, 195, 206–207
engineering work ethic, 38, 188, 197, 221
evolution, 42–43
feminine-ideal, 39, 91, 98, 125, 179, 181, 195–196, 207, 209, 214, 215, 217–218, 237, 242–243
formal, 27, 30, 31, 33–37, 40, 42–43
(cis)gender naming of space structures, 162, 166, 194, 203, 240
“Having the balls”, 184–185, 197, 218, 237, 242, 254–255
infantilizing STEM-professional women, 190–191, 196, 221, 222, 240
informal, 27, 30, 36–37, 40, 42–44
“inhuman” pool hiring, 161, 173–174, 180, 186, 189–190, 194–195, 197, 210, 221, 242, 252, 253, 255, 259
“it has to be that way”, 184–185, 197, 218, 254
limits of human resources, 186, 197, 255, 257
masculine-ideals, 30, 38–39, 40, 44, 160, 177, 183, 187, 194–196, 209, 210, 214, 215, 217, 219, 237, 242
need to be “adaptable”, 170, 195, 206–207, 240
no trust, 188, 197
order of engineers, 180–181, 195, 214
program/project cancellation, 29, 162, 194, 203
“standard” 20%, 4, 33, 163–164, 194, 204, 240, 248
taking unwanted jobs, 36, 176, 183, 195–196, 209–210, 217
“the only girl here”, 169, 171, 179, 195–196, 206–207, 214
trust hiring, 161, 180, 181, 196, 214, 238, 242
unwritten, 27, 42–43
“we don’t hire anyone”, 123, 170, 195
written, 27, 42–43
Russian occupation of Ukrainian Crimea, 29
Russian symbiotic relationship, 29
Sagas, 92–94, 102
Sameness, 3, 54, 60, 71, 101–102
Sample
diverse, 70
organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
participants, 115, 118, 178
STEM-professional women, 178
stories and narratives, 126
Scientific classification (Foucault), 97, 99–100, 103, 234
management, 52
Self and subjection, technology of, 55–56, 61, 246
Self-care, ethic of, 245–247
Selfsameness, 60, 101–102
Sensegiving entity, 124
Sexism, 13, 65, 97–98, 103, 201, 251
Silent killers, 235, 264
Sinclair Radio Laboratories (Toronto), 31
Social
context, 8, 65, 67, 79
determinism, 14, 64
inequality, 53, 65, 66, 67, 101, 142
interactions, 4, 6–8, 11, 17, 19, 27, 40, 41, 43–44, 56, 58, 60, 63, 67, 69, 71, 75, 77–79, 92, 95, 104, 119, 123–124, 132, 162, 193, 203, 209–210, 217, 220, 224, 231, 235, 247, 252, 257–258
justice, 13, 19,-20, 65, 67, 106, 127, 233, 239–256, 258–259
values, 6, 8, 10, 18, 19, 27, 42–45, 55, 67, 78, 105, 122–124, 159–160, 162–166, 168–177, 179, 181, 182–186, 187–191, 202, 206, 217, 224, 231, 233, 249, 257
Social-identity, 6, 15, 39, 61–62, 66, 73, 75–77, 97, 120–121, 131–133, 135, 137, 140, 145, 148, 167, 204, 238
Socioeconomic status of class, 8
Socio-psychological processes, 4, 5, 8–9, 94, 96, 113, 159, 201, 224
Space industry
demographics, 10, 11, 19, 27, 51, 69, 138, 160–163, 168, 171, 174, 205–206, 223, 248, 253
macro: global space industry, 27–30
meso: Canadian space industry, 31–33
micro: demographics and organization-specific formal rules, 10, 11, 19, 27
Alouette I, 33
Canadian Space Agency demographics, 34–35
MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates demographics, 34
organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
Spar Aerospace, 31, 166
Stakeholder, 11, 28, 32, 95
Standard 20% rule, 4, 33, 163–164, 194, 204, 240, 248
Standpoint theories/ideologies, 51–53, 54, 63, 72–73, 74, 239
State of becoming, 56, 72, 78, 124, 217, 247
State of being, 13, 53–54, 61, 74, 78, 97, 99, 101, 104, 107, 124, 224, 239, 257
Status quo, 65, 71, 106, 114, 119, 166, 224, 264
STEM-professional man/men, 13, 15, 19, 43, 78, 114, 120
cell of influences, 105, 114, 126
empirical, 153, 174, 193, 195, 246–254
micro-political resistances, 240–254
responsibilities, 126–127
STEM-professional woman/women, 4–6, 9–10, 13, 15, 19, 20, 33, 36, 39–40, 53, 61, 72, 76, 79, 103–106, 113–114, 125–127, 244, 263–264
cell of influences, 105–106, 118, 120–121, 162–187, 224, 237
early career, 133–139, 161–172, 202–209
exclusion, 233–239
identities, 131–133
late career, 143–156, 178–197, 213–224
micro-political resistances, 238–240
mid career, 139–143, 172–178, 209–213
Story/Stories, 4–6, 8, 15, 16–17, 19, 61, 62, 70, 92–94, 104, 114–115, 118–119, 124, 127, 131, 133, 134–135, 142, 145, 150, 153–154, 159, 160, 163–164, 166–167, 169–170, 171, 174, 175, 177, 179, 181, 182–183, 185, 187–193, 203–204, 208–209, 211–213, 215–216, 218, 219–220, 223–224, 234, 235, 236, 243–244, 247–249, 251, 254–255, 256
Storytelling, 92, 94, 96, 105, 121, 133, 179, 214
Structural social reality, 51–52
Subject, 7, 12–13, 55–58, 59, 60–61, 64, 67, 72–73, 74, 96–98, 100, 103, 107, 239, 245–247, 257–258
Subjectification, 97–98, 100, 103, 105, 234
Symbolic interactionism/interactionalists, 10, 60, 62, 71
Systems of domination, 98–99
Systems of oppression, 74–75
See also Oppression
Technology/technological innovation, 4, 30–31, 38–39, 42, 182, 209, 219
Technology/technologies (Foucault), 12, 54–55, 72–73
of discourses/knowledge, 58–59
of power-relations, 56–58
of self and subjection, 55–56, 61, 245
Temporal identity, 61
Theoretical Wedge, 14, 63–64, 73
Theory of marginalization, 64, 70, 99, 103
See also Marginalization
Three-dimensional power model, 57
Transgender, 8, 64, 65, 70, 115
Triangulate/triangulation, 114, 120
Triple jeopardy, 63
Two-dimensional model of power, 57
Unstructured interview, 6, 115, 118, 243
US Augustine Committee report, 30
Utopian universalistic theory of discourse, 58–59
Valued-masculine prototype, 39, 203, 214
Violence, 63, 75, 99, 247
Weickian/sensemaking, 8, 17–18, 62, 91, 93, 94–96, 102, 107, 119, 126
WFA. See Workforce availability (WFA)
‘Who I am,’, 7, 14, 15, 54, 60–62, 74, 76, 95, 107, 120, 121, 133, 136–138, 143, 144, 146, 149, 151, 159, 167–168, 194, 236, 241, 263
‘Who I am becoming,’, 7, 14, 54, 62, 74, 76, 107, 120, 121, 133, 138, 149, 159, 241
Womanhood, 100
Workforce availability (WFA), 34, 35
Working interdependently, 29, 160, 194
World War II, 11, 28
Knowledge workers
, 29
Legislation
, 38, 41–42, 92, 101–102, 122, 180, 186, 197, 255, 258
Limits
, 4–5, 17, 74, 107, 125, 186, 197, 235–239, 255, 257
MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates (MDA), 11, 28, 32, 34–35, 166
Madness and Civilization
, 96–97
“Making infallible decisions”, 30
Male-dominated
cultural heritage, 38
field, 38, 177
STEM industries, 39
Management, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 13, 33–36, 42–44, 51–53, 55, 69, 96, 104, 107, 113, 126–127, 160–163, 174, 181, 185, 205, 223–224, 231, 233, 235–236, 239–240, 241–242, 250–251, 253–256
career, 36
executive position, 34–35, 126
scientific, 52
Western, 52
Manhood, 30, 244
Manliness, 30
Manly courage, 30
Map of identities, 19, 121–122, 123, 126, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 141, 143, 146, 148, 151
Marginalization, 7, 14, 63–64, 70–72, 99–100, 103, 257
See also Theory of marginalization
Masculine-hierarchical structure, 37
Masculine-ideal, 30, 37–40, 44, 160, 177, 183, 187, 194–196, 209–210, 214–215, 217, 219, 237, 242
Masculine/masculinities, 242, 254–255
Materialism, 52
MDA (MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates ), 11, 28, 32, 34–35, 166
Meadian identity construction, 62
Meaning making, 8, 62, 79, 98, 104, 123, 133, 204, 239
Meso-discourse of diversity, 69
Meta-rules, 6, 8, 9–11, 17, 19, 27, 29, 31, 36, 40–43, 44–45, 67, 68, 78, 91, 95, 99, 104, 107, 119, 122, 202–203, 206, 208, 220, 222–224, 256–258
forms of context, 40–42, 122–123, 193–196
STEM-professional women, 193–196
Methodology
critical sensemaking framework, 118–127
data collected, 115–118
forms of context, 122–123
forms of experiences, 124–126
forms of knowledge, 119–122
participants and their recruitment, 113–115
purpose and research questions, 113
STEM-professional men, 126–127
Micro-political resistances, 6, 13, 19–20, 106–107, 127, 239–245, 256, 259
Military, 3, 4, 11, 15, 27, 29–30, 31, 37, 40, 142, 147, 179, 185, 193, 195, 209, 214, 217, 238, 242
engineering-trained men, 4, 11, 15
systems, 37, 40
Moon, 11, 28, 191–192, 197, 222
Multicultural crew/experience, 29, 170
Multiple jeopardy, 63
My possible range of anchor points, 16
Myths, 92–93, 102
Narratives, stories, myths, and sagas, 92–93, 102, 104–105
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), 4, 28–30, 31–32, 40, 153, 191, 194
exclusion and marginalization, 70
institutionalized masculine-ideal, 30, 160
masculine-dominated hierarchy, 69
women shuttle astronauts, 153
(National groups of) astronauts, 29, 131, 153
Non-management personnel, 43
Normal/normalcy, 12, 17, 53, 99, 100, 101, 103, 192, 214, 222, 234
Occupational segregation, 39
One-dimensional model of power, 56–57
Ontology, 13, 63, 66, 73
Oppression, 13, 14, 53, 64, 66, 71, 74, 91, 92, 99, 103
dialectical force of, 53
and discrimination, 14, 91, 92, 99
interlocking, 99, 103
See also Systems of oppressions
Order
“accusation and confession”, 14, 67, 71, 73, 78, 79, 100, 233
discriminatory, 14, 63, 67
dominant culture in, 39
exclusionary, 4–5, 8, 10, 16, 33, 66, 73, 233–239, 264
identity intersections and, 7
social, 4–5, 13–14, 16, 44, 63, 67, 124
Organizational discourses, 6, 41
Organizational myths, 93
Organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
Patriarchy, 53, 65, 66, 98
Payload(s), 31, 41, 141
Positivist, 6, 12–13, 37, 39
Postcolonial(ism), 13, 64–65, 71
Poststructural feminism, 13, 74–75
Poststructuralism, 9, 11–12, 19, 51, 53, 54–59, 60, 63, 72, 74–75, 256
discourses/knowledge, technology of, 58–59
power relations, technology of, 56–58
self and subjection, technology of, 55–56
Poststructuralist, 3, 4, 11–12, 18, 37, 59–61, 71, 74–75, 118
Poststructural ontology, 13
Power, 18, 52, 99, 145, 237
model, 56–58
Powerlessness/powerless, 99
Power-relations, 56–58, 65
problematize, 14, 51, 71, 78, 127, 233, 256
spectrum, 57, 71, 78, 124, 126, 132, 138, 214, 218, 234–237, 243, 247
Privileged individual, 13, 18, 68–69, 70, 72, 73, 98, 106, 242
Process(es) and systems, 91
Profession(s), 11, 38–39, 113–114, 142, 176–177, 210
Project management, 40–41
Race − class − cisgender mantra, 64
Racism, 65, 97–98, 103
RCA Victor Co. Ltd (Montreal), 31
Reflexivity, 15, 54, 61, 104–105, 121, 155
Régime des pratiques (system of practices), 12, 54, 59
Relationality (concept), 14, 18, 65, 67–68, 70, 73, 78, 79, 256
Repression, 44, 96–98
Research framework, 9
forms of context, 11, 40–44
forms of context, of knowledge and of experiences, 9–11
forms of experiences, 11–15, 103–107
forms of knowledge, 16–17, 74–79
Research methodology
critical sensemaking (CSM) framework, 118–127
data collected, 115–118
forms of context, 122–123
forms of experiences, 124–126
forms of knowledge, 119–122
participants and their recruitment, 113–115
purpose and research questions, 113
STEM-professional men, 126–127
Resistance(s), 12, 18–19, 52, 56–58, 62, 73, 74–75, 93, 96, 101, 104–107, 124, 155, 203, 204, 208, 214, 216, 236, 238
micro-political, 6, 13, 19–20, 106–107, 127, 239–244, 256, 259
norms, 56, 67, 106, 245, 247, 251, 256
Reveal(ing), 4
Right Stuff myth (1979), 4, 30, 93
Rules/meta-rules, 5–6, 8–10, 17–18, 19, 40–43, 45, 55–56, 62, 67, 73, 78, 91, 95, 97, 103–107, 113, 119, 121, 122–124, 126, 132, 156, 159–166, 168–171, 172–177, 179–181, 182–186, 187–191, 202–203, 206–207, 209–210, 214, 217–218, 220–222, 252, 256–259, 264
Being put in her place, 170, 195
cisgender multi-tasking, 177, 195, 210
cisgender presentism, 36–37, 175
cisgender stratification, 27, 37, 179, 196, 214, 238
cisgender taking unwanted jobs, 176, 183, 195, 196, 209–210, 217
contradictory occupational position, 183–185, 196, 217–218, 242
“cultural blockage”, 185, 197, 217–218, 242, 255
demographic, 33–35, 41, 160, 162–163, 168, 171, 174, 194
demographic balance, 171, 194
“elite”, 168, 170, 195, 206–207
engineering work ethic, 38, 188, 197, 221
evolution, 42–43
feminine-ideal, 39, 91, 98, 125, 179, 181, 195–196, 207, 209, 214, 215, 217–218, 237, 242–243
formal, 27, 30, 31, 33–37, 40, 42–43
(cis)gender naming of space structures, 162, 166, 194, 203, 240
“Having the balls”, 184–185, 197, 218, 237, 242, 254–255
infantilizing STEM-professional women, 190–191, 196, 221, 222, 240
informal, 27, 30, 36–37, 40, 42–44
“inhuman” pool hiring, 161, 173–174, 180, 186, 189–190, 194–195, 197, 210, 221, 242, 252, 253, 255, 259
“it has to be that way”, 184–185, 197, 218, 254
limits of human resources, 186, 197, 255, 257
masculine-ideals, 30, 38–39, 40, 44, 160, 177, 183, 187, 194–196, 209, 210, 214, 215, 217, 219, 237, 242
need to be “adaptable”, 170, 195, 206–207, 240
no trust, 188, 197
order of engineers, 180–181, 195, 214
program/project cancellation, 29, 162, 194, 203
“standard” 20%, 4, 33, 163–164, 194, 204, 240, 248
taking unwanted jobs, 36, 176, 183, 195–196, 209–210, 217
“the only girl here”, 169, 171, 179, 195–196, 206–207, 214
trust hiring, 161, 180, 181, 196, 214, 238, 242
unwritten, 27, 42–43
“we don’t hire anyone”, 123, 170, 195
written, 27, 42–43
Russian occupation of Ukrainian Crimea, 29
Russian symbiotic relationship, 29
Sagas, 92–94, 102
Sameness, 3, 54, 60, 71, 101–102
Sample
diverse, 70
organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
participants, 115, 118, 178
STEM-professional women, 178
stories and narratives, 126
Scientific classification (Foucault), 97, 99–100, 103, 234
management, 52
Self and subjection, technology of, 55–56, 61, 246
Self-care, ethic of, 245–247
Selfsameness, 60, 101–102
Sensegiving entity, 124
Sexism, 13, 65, 97–98, 103, 201, 251
Silent killers, 235, 264
Sinclair Radio Laboratories (Toronto), 31
Social
context, 8, 65, 67, 79
determinism, 14, 64
inequality, 53, 65, 66, 67, 101, 142
interactions, 4, 6–8, 11, 17, 19, 27, 40, 41, 43–44, 56, 58, 60, 63, 67, 69, 71, 75, 77–79, 92, 95, 104, 119, 123–124, 132, 162, 193, 203, 209–210, 217, 220, 224, 231, 235, 247, 252, 257–258
justice, 13, 19,-20, 65, 67, 106, 127, 233, 239–256, 258–259
values, 6, 8, 10, 18, 19, 27, 42–45, 55, 67, 78, 105, 122–124, 159–160, 162–166, 168–177, 179, 181, 182–186, 187–191, 202, 206, 217, 224, 231, 233, 249, 257
Social-identity, 6, 15, 39, 61–62, 66, 73, 75–77, 97, 120–121, 131–133, 135, 137, 140, 145, 148, 167, 204, 238
Socioeconomic status of class, 8
Socio-psychological processes, 4, 5, 8–9, 94, 96, 113, 159, 201, 224
Space industry
demographics, 10, 11, 19, 27, 51, 69, 138, 160–163, 168, 171, 174, 205–206, 223, 248, 253
macro: global space industry, 27–30
meso: Canadian space industry, 31–33
micro: demographics and organization-specific formal rules, 10, 11, 19, 27
Alouette I, 33
Canadian Space Agency demographics, 34–35
MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates demographics, 34
organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
Spar Aerospace, 31, 166
Stakeholder, 11, 28, 32, 95
Standard 20% rule, 4, 33, 163–164, 194, 204, 240, 248
Standpoint theories/ideologies, 51–53, 54, 63, 72–73, 74, 239
State of becoming, 56, 72, 78, 124, 217, 247
State of being, 13, 53–54, 61, 74, 78, 97, 99, 101, 104, 107, 124, 224, 239, 257
Status quo, 65, 71, 106, 114, 119, 166, 224, 264
STEM-professional man/men, 13, 15, 19, 43, 78, 114, 120
cell of influences, 105, 114, 126
empirical, 153, 174, 193, 195, 246–254
micro-political resistances, 240–254
responsibilities, 126–127
STEM-professional woman/women, 4–6, 9–10, 13, 15, 19, 20, 33, 36, 39–40, 53, 61, 72, 76, 79, 103–106, 113–114, 125–127, 244, 263–264
cell of influences, 105–106, 118, 120–121, 162–187, 224, 237
early career, 133–139, 161–172, 202–209
exclusion, 233–239
identities, 131–133
late career, 143–156, 178–197, 213–224
micro-political resistances, 238–240
mid career, 139–143, 172–178, 209–213
Story/Stories, 4–6, 8, 15, 16–17, 19, 61, 62, 70, 92–94, 104, 114–115, 118–119, 124, 127, 131, 133, 134–135, 142, 145, 150, 153–154, 159, 160, 163–164, 166–167, 169–170, 171, 174, 175, 177, 179, 181, 182–183, 185, 187–193, 203–204, 208–209, 211–213, 215–216, 218, 219–220, 223–224, 234, 235, 236, 243–244, 247–249, 251, 254–255, 256
Storytelling, 92, 94, 96, 105, 121, 133, 179, 214
Structural social reality, 51–52
Subject, 7, 12–13, 55–58, 59, 60–61, 64, 67, 72–73, 74, 96–98, 100, 103, 107, 239, 245–247, 257–258
Subjectification, 97–98, 100, 103, 105, 234
Symbolic interactionism/interactionalists, 10, 60, 62, 71
Systems of domination, 98–99
Systems of oppression, 74–75
See also Oppression
Technology/technological innovation, 4, 30–31, 38–39, 42, 182, 209, 219
Technology/technologies (Foucault), 12, 54–55, 72–73
of discourses/knowledge, 58–59
of power-relations, 56–58
of self and subjection, 55–56, 61, 245
Temporal identity, 61
Theoretical Wedge, 14, 63–64, 73
Theory of marginalization, 64, 70, 99, 103
See also Marginalization
Three-dimensional power model, 57
Transgender, 8, 64, 65, 70, 115
Triangulate/triangulation, 114, 120
Triple jeopardy, 63
Two-dimensional model of power, 57
Unstructured interview, 6, 115, 118, 243
US Augustine Committee report, 30
Utopian universalistic theory of discourse, 58–59
Valued-masculine prototype, 39, 203, 214
Violence, 63, 75, 99, 247
Weickian/sensemaking, 8, 17–18, 62, 91, 93, 94–96, 102, 107, 119, 126
WFA. See Workforce availability (WFA)
‘Who I am,’, 7, 14, 15, 54, 60–62, 74, 76, 95, 107, 120, 121, 133, 136–138, 143, 144, 146, 149, 151, 159, 167–168, 194, 236, 241, 263
‘Who I am becoming,’, 7, 14, 54, 62, 74, 76, 107, 120, 121, 133, 138, 149, 159, 241
Womanhood, 100
Workforce availability (WFA), 34, 35
Working interdependently, 29, 160, 194
World War II, 11, 28
MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates (MDA)
, 11, 28, 32, 34–35, 166
Madness and Civilization
, 96–97
“Making infallible decisions”
, 30
Male-dominated
cultural heritage
, 38
field
, 38, 177
STEM industries
, 39
Management
, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 13, 33–36, 42–44, 51–53, 55, 69, 96, 104, 107, 113, 126–127, 160–163, 174, 181, 185, 205, 223–224, 231, 233, 235–236, 239–240, 241–242, 250–251, 253–256
career
, 36
executive position
, 34–35, 126
scientific
, 52
Western
, 52
Manhood
, 30, 244
Manliness
, 30
Manly courage
, 30
Map of identities
, 19, 121–122, 123, 126, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 141, 143, 146, 148, 151
Marginalization
, 7, 14, 63–64, 70–72, 99–100, 103, 257
See also Theory of marginalization
Masculine-hierarchical structure
, 37
Masculine-ideal
, 30, 37–40, 44, 160, 177, 183, 187, 194–196, 209–210, 214–215, 217, 219, 237, 242
Masculine/masculinities
, 242, 254–255
Materialism
, 52
MDA (MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates )
, 11, 28, 32, 34–35, 166
Meadian identity construction
, 62
Meaning making
, 8, 62, 79, 98, 104, 123, 133, 204, 239
Meso-discourse of diversity
, 69
Meta-rules
, 6, 8, 9–11, 17, 19, 27, 29, 31, 36, 40–43, 44–45, 67, 68, 78, 91, 95, 99, 104, 107, 119, 122, 202–203, 206, 208, 220, 222–224, 256–258
forms of context
, 40–42, 122–123, 193–196
STEM-professional women
, 193–196
Methodology
critical sensemaking framework
, 118–127
data collected
, 115–118
forms of context
, 122–123
forms of experiences
, 124–126
forms of knowledge
, 119–122
participants and their recruitment
, 113–115
purpose and research questions
, 113
STEM-professional men
, 126–127
Micro-political resistances
, 6, 13, 19–20, 106–107, 127, 239–245, 256, 259
Military
, 3, 4, 11, 15, 27, 29–30, 31, 37, 40, 142, 147, 179, 185, 193, 195, 209, 214, 217, 238, 242
engineering-trained men
, 4, 11, 15
systems
, 37, 40
Moon
, 11, 28, 191–192, 197, 222
Multicultural crew/experience
, 29, 170
Multiple jeopardy
, 63
My possible range of anchor points
, 16
Myths
, 92–93, 102
Narratives, stories, myths, and sagas
, 92–93, 102, 104–105
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
, 4, 28–30, 31–32, 40, 153, 191, 194
exclusion and marginalization
, 70
institutionalized masculine-ideal
, 30, 160
masculine-dominated hierarchy
, 69
women shuttle astronauts
, 153
(National groups of) astronauts
, 29, 131, 153
Non-management personnel
, 43
Normal/normalcy
, 12, 17, 53, 99, 100, 101, 103, 192, 214, 222, 234
Occupational segregation, 39
One-dimensional model of power, 56–57
Ontology, 13, 63, 66, 73
Oppression, 13, 14, 53, 64, 66, 71, 74, 91, 92, 99, 103
dialectical force of, 53
and discrimination, 14, 91, 92, 99
interlocking, 99, 103
See also Systems of oppressions
Order
“accusation and confession”, 14, 67, 71, 73, 78, 79, 100, 233
discriminatory, 14, 63, 67
dominant culture in, 39
exclusionary, 4–5, 8, 10, 16, 33, 66, 73, 233–239, 264
identity intersections and, 7
social, 4–5, 13–14, 16, 44, 63, 67, 124
Organizational discourses, 6, 41
Organizational myths, 93
Organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
Patriarchy, 53, 65, 66, 98
Payload(s), 31, 41, 141
Positivist, 6, 12–13, 37, 39
Postcolonial(ism), 13, 64–65, 71
Poststructural feminism, 13, 74–75
Poststructuralism, 9, 11–12, 19, 51, 53, 54–59, 60, 63, 72, 74–75, 256
discourses/knowledge, technology of, 58–59
power relations, technology of, 56–58
self and subjection, technology of, 55–56
Poststructuralist, 3, 4, 11–12, 18, 37, 59–61, 71, 74–75, 118
Poststructural ontology, 13
Power, 18, 52, 99, 145, 237
model, 56–58
Powerlessness/powerless, 99
Power-relations, 56–58, 65
problematize, 14, 51, 71, 78, 127, 233, 256
spectrum, 57, 71, 78, 124, 126, 132, 138, 214, 218, 234–237, 243, 247
Privileged individual, 13, 18, 68–69, 70, 72, 73, 98, 106, 242
Process(es) and systems, 91
Profession(s), 11, 38–39, 113–114, 142, 176–177, 210
Project management, 40–41
Race − class − cisgender mantra, 64
Racism, 65, 97–98, 103
RCA Victor Co. Ltd (Montreal), 31
Reflexivity, 15, 54, 61, 104–105, 121, 155
Régime des pratiques (system of practices), 12, 54, 59
Relationality (concept), 14, 18, 65, 67–68, 70, 73, 78, 79, 256
Repression, 44, 96–98
Research framework, 9
forms of context, 11, 40–44
forms of context, of knowledge and of experiences, 9–11
forms of experiences, 11–15, 103–107
forms of knowledge, 16–17, 74–79
Research methodology
critical sensemaking (CSM) framework, 118–127
data collected, 115–118
forms of context, 122–123
forms of experiences, 124–126
forms of knowledge, 119–122
participants and their recruitment, 113–115
purpose and research questions, 113
STEM-professional men, 126–127
Resistance(s), 12, 18–19, 52, 56–58, 62, 73, 74–75, 93, 96, 101, 104–107, 124, 155, 203, 204, 208, 214, 216, 236, 238
micro-political, 6, 13, 19–20, 106–107, 127, 239–244, 256, 259
norms, 56, 67, 106, 245, 247, 251, 256
Reveal(ing), 4
Right Stuff myth (1979), 4, 30, 93
Rules/meta-rules, 5–6, 8–10, 17–18, 19, 40–43, 45, 55–56, 62, 67, 73, 78, 91, 95, 97, 103–107, 113, 119, 121, 122–124, 126, 132, 156, 159–166, 168–171, 172–177, 179–181, 182–186, 187–191, 202–203, 206–207, 209–210, 214, 217–218, 220–222, 252, 256–259, 264
Being put in her place, 170, 195
cisgender multi-tasking, 177, 195, 210
cisgender presentism, 36–37, 175
cisgender stratification, 27, 37, 179, 196, 214, 238
cisgender taking unwanted jobs, 176, 183, 195, 196, 209–210, 217
contradictory occupational position, 183–185, 196, 217–218, 242
“cultural blockage”, 185, 197, 217–218, 242, 255
demographic, 33–35, 41, 160, 162–163, 168, 171, 174, 194
demographic balance, 171, 194
“elite”, 168, 170, 195, 206–207
engineering work ethic, 38, 188, 197, 221
evolution, 42–43
feminine-ideal, 39, 91, 98, 125, 179, 181, 195–196, 207, 209, 214, 215, 217–218, 237, 242–243
formal, 27, 30, 31, 33–37, 40, 42–43
(cis)gender naming of space structures, 162, 166, 194, 203, 240
“Having the balls”, 184–185, 197, 218, 237, 242, 254–255
infantilizing STEM-professional women, 190–191, 196, 221, 222, 240
informal, 27, 30, 36–37, 40, 42–44
“inhuman” pool hiring, 161, 173–174, 180, 186, 189–190, 194–195, 197, 210, 221, 242, 252, 253, 255, 259
“it has to be that way”, 184–185, 197, 218, 254
limits of human resources, 186, 197, 255, 257
masculine-ideals, 30, 38–39, 40, 44, 160, 177, 183, 187, 194–196, 209, 210, 214, 215, 217, 219, 237, 242
need to be “adaptable”, 170, 195, 206–207, 240
no trust, 188, 197
order of engineers, 180–181, 195, 214
program/project cancellation, 29, 162, 194, 203
“standard” 20%, 4, 33, 163–164, 194, 204, 240, 248
taking unwanted jobs, 36, 176, 183, 195–196, 209–210, 217
“the only girl here”, 169, 171, 179, 195–196, 206–207, 214
trust hiring, 161, 180, 181, 196, 214, 238, 242
unwritten, 27, 42–43
“we don’t hire anyone”, 123, 170, 195
written, 27, 42–43
Russian occupation of Ukrainian Crimea, 29
Russian symbiotic relationship, 29
Sagas, 92–94, 102
Sameness, 3, 54, 60, 71, 101–102
Sample
diverse, 70
organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
participants, 115, 118, 178
STEM-professional women, 178
stories and narratives, 126
Scientific classification (Foucault), 97, 99–100, 103, 234
management, 52
Self and subjection, technology of, 55–56, 61, 246
Self-care, ethic of, 245–247
Selfsameness, 60, 101–102
Sensegiving entity, 124
Sexism, 13, 65, 97–98, 103, 201, 251
Silent killers, 235, 264
Sinclair Radio Laboratories (Toronto), 31
Social
context, 8, 65, 67, 79
determinism, 14, 64
inequality, 53, 65, 66, 67, 101, 142
interactions, 4, 6–8, 11, 17, 19, 27, 40, 41, 43–44, 56, 58, 60, 63, 67, 69, 71, 75, 77–79, 92, 95, 104, 119, 123–124, 132, 162, 193, 203, 209–210, 217, 220, 224, 231, 235, 247, 252, 257–258
justice, 13, 19,-20, 65, 67, 106, 127, 233, 239–256, 258–259
values, 6, 8, 10, 18, 19, 27, 42–45, 55, 67, 78, 105, 122–124, 159–160, 162–166, 168–177, 179, 181, 182–186, 187–191, 202, 206, 217, 224, 231, 233, 249, 257
Social-identity, 6, 15, 39, 61–62, 66, 73, 75–77, 97, 120–121, 131–133, 135, 137, 140, 145, 148, 167, 204, 238
Socioeconomic status of class, 8
Socio-psychological processes, 4, 5, 8–9, 94, 96, 113, 159, 201, 224
Space industry
demographics, 10, 11, 19, 27, 51, 69, 138, 160–163, 168, 171, 174, 205–206, 223, 248, 253
macro: global space industry, 27–30
meso: Canadian space industry, 31–33
micro: demographics and organization-specific formal rules, 10, 11, 19, 27
Alouette I, 33
Canadian Space Agency demographics, 34–35
MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates demographics, 34
organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
Spar Aerospace, 31, 166
Stakeholder, 11, 28, 32, 95
Standard 20% rule, 4, 33, 163–164, 194, 204, 240, 248
Standpoint theories/ideologies, 51–53, 54, 63, 72–73, 74, 239
State of becoming, 56, 72, 78, 124, 217, 247
State of being, 13, 53–54, 61, 74, 78, 97, 99, 101, 104, 107, 124, 224, 239, 257
Status quo, 65, 71, 106, 114, 119, 166, 224, 264
STEM-professional man/men, 13, 15, 19, 43, 78, 114, 120
cell of influences, 105, 114, 126
empirical, 153, 174, 193, 195, 246–254
micro-political resistances, 240–254
responsibilities, 126–127
STEM-professional woman/women, 4–6, 9–10, 13, 15, 19, 20, 33, 36, 39–40, 53, 61, 72, 76, 79, 103–106, 113–114, 125–127, 244, 263–264
cell of influences, 105–106, 118, 120–121, 162–187, 224, 237
early career, 133–139, 161–172, 202–209
exclusion, 233–239
identities, 131–133
late career, 143–156, 178–197, 213–224
micro-political resistances, 238–240
mid career, 139–143, 172–178, 209–213
Story/Stories, 4–6, 8, 15, 16–17, 19, 61, 62, 70, 92–94, 104, 114–115, 118–119, 124, 127, 131, 133, 134–135, 142, 145, 150, 153–154, 159, 160, 163–164, 166–167, 169–170, 171, 174, 175, 177, 179, 181, 182–183, 185, 187–193, 203–204, 208–209, 211–213, 215–216, 218, 219–220, 223–224, 234, 235, 236, 243–244, 247–249, 251, 254–255, 256
Storytelling, 92, 94, 96, 105, 121, 133, 179, 214
Structural social reality, 51–52
Subject, 7, 12–13, 55–58, 59, 60–61, 64, 67, 72–73, 74, 96–98, 100, 103, 107, 239, 245–247, 257–258
Subjectification, 97–98, 100, 103, 105, 234
Symbolic interactionism/interactionalists, 10, 60, 62, 71
Systems of domination, 98–99
Systems of oppression, 74–75
See also Oppression
Technology/technological innovation, 4, 30–31, 38–39, 42, 182, 209, 219
Technology/technologies (Foucault), 12, 54–55, 72–73
of discourses/knowledge, 58–59
of power-relations, 56–58
of self and subjection, 55–56, 61, 245
Temporal identity, 61
Theoretical Wedge, 14, 63–64, 73
Theory of marginalization, 64, 70, 99, 103
See also Marginalization
Three-dimensional power model, 57
Transgender, 8, 64, 65, 70, 115
Triangulate/triangulation, 114, 120
Triple jeopardy, 63
Two-dimensional model of power, 57
Unstructured interview, 6, 115, 118, 243
US Augustine Committee report, 30
Utopian universalistic theory of discourse, 58–59
Valued-masculine prototype, 39, 203, 214
Violence, 63, 75, 99, 247
Weickian/sensemaking, 8, 17–18, 62, 91, 93, 94–96, 102, 107, 119, 126
WFA. See Workforce availability (WFA)
‘Who I am,’, 7, 14, 15, 54, 60–62, 74, 76, 95, 107, 120, 121, 133, 136–138, 143, 144, 146, 149, 151, 159, 167–168, 194, 236, 241, 263
‘Who I am becoming,’, 7, 14, 54, 62, 74, 76, 107, 120, 121, 133, 138, 149, 159, 241
Womanhood, 100
Workforce availability (WFA), 34, 35
Working interdependently, 29, 160, 194
World War II, 11, 28
Occupational segregation
, 39
One-dimensional model of power
, 56–57
Ontology
, 13, 63, 66, 73
Oppression
, 13, 14, 53, 64, 66, 71, 74, 91, 92, 99, 103
dialectical force of
, 53
and discrimination
, 14, 91, 92, 99
interlocking
, 99, 103
See also Systems of oppressions
Order
“accusation and confession”
, 14, 67, 71, 73, 78, 79, 100, 233
discriminatory
, 14, 63, 67
dominant culture in
, 39
exclusionary
, 4–5, 8, 10, 16, 33, 66, 73, 233–239, 264
identity intersections and
, 7
social
, 4–5, 13–14, 16, 44, 63, 67, 124
Organizational discourses
, 6, 41
Organizational myths
, 93
Organizational rules within CSA
, 35–37
Patriarchy
, 53, 65, 66, 98
Payload(s)
, 31, 41, 141
Positivist
, 6, 12–13, 37, 39
Postcolonial(ism)
, 13, 64–65, 71
Poststructural feminism
, 13, 74–75
Poststructuralism
, 9, 11–12, 19, 51, 53, 54–59, 60, 63, 72, 74–75, 256
discourses/knowledge, technology of
, 58–59
power relations, technology of
, 56–58
self and subjection, technology of
, 55–56
Poststructuralist
, 3, 4, 11–12, 18, 37, 59–61, 71, 74–75, 118
Poststructural ontology
, 13
Power
, 18, 52, 99, 145, 237
model
, 56–58
Powerlessness/powerless
, 99
Power-relations
, 56–58, 65
problematize
, 14, 51, 71, 78, 127, 233, 256
spectrum
, 57, 71, 78, 124, 126, 132, 138, 214, 218, 234–237, 243, 247
Privileged individual
, 13, 18, 68–69, 70, 72, 73, 98, 106, 242
Process(es) and systems
, 91
Profession(s)
, 11, 38–39, 113–114, 142, 176–177, 210
Project management
, 40–41
Race − class − cisgender mantra, 64
Racism, 65, 97–98, 103
RCA Victor Co. Ltd (Montreal), 31
Reflexivity, 15, 54, 61, 104–105, 121, 155
Régime des pratiques (system of practices), 12, 54, 59
Relationality (concept), 14, 18, 65, 67–68, 70, 73, 78, 79, 256
Repression, 44, 96–98
Research framework, 9
forms of context, 11, 40–44
forms of context, of knowledge and of experiences, 9–11
forms of experiences, 11–15, 103–107
forms of knowledge, 16–17, 74–79
Research methodology
critical sensemaking (CSM) framework, 118–127
data collected, 115–118
forms of context, 122–123
forms of experiences, 124–126
forms of knowledge, 119–122
participants and their recruitment, 113–115
purpose and research questions, 113
STEM-professional men, 126–127
Resistance(s), 12, 18–19, 52, 56–58, 62, 73, 74–75, 93, 96, 101, 104–107, 124, 155, 203, 204, 208, 214, 216, 236, 238
micro-political, 6, 13, 19–20, 106–107, 127, 239–244, 256, 259
norms, 56, 67, 106, 245, 247, 251, 256
Reveal(ing), 4
Right Stuff myth (1979), 4, 30, 93
Rules/meta-rules, 5–6, 8–10, 17–18, 19, 40–43, 45, 55–56, 62, 67, 73, 78, 91, 95, 97, 103–107, 113, 119, 121, 122–124, 126, 132, 156, 159–166, 168–171, 172–177, 179–181, 182–186, 187–191, 202–203, 206–207, 209–210, 214, 217–218, 220–222, 252, 256–259, 264
Being put in her place, 170, 195
cisgender multi-tasking, 177, 195, 210
cisgender presentism, 36–37, 175
cisgender stratification, 27, 37, 179, 196, 214, 238
cisgender taking unwanted jobs, 176, 183, 195, 196, 209–210, 217
contradictory occupational position, 183–185, 196, 217–218, 242
“cultural blockage”, 185, 197, 217–218, 242, 255
demographic, 33–35, 41, 160, 162–163, 168, 171, 174, 194
demographic balance, 171, 194
“elite”, 168, 170, 195, 206–207
engineering work ethic, 38, 188, 197, 221
evolution, 42–43
feminine-ideal, 39, 91, 98, 125, 179, 181, 195–196, 207, 209, 214, 215, 217–218, 237, 242–243
formal, 27, 30, 31, 33–37, 40, 42–43
(cis)gender naming of space structures, 162, 166, 194, 203, 240
“Having the balls”, 184–185, 197, 218, 237, 242, 254–255
infantilizing STEM-professional women, 190–191, 196, 221, 222, 240
informal, 27, 30, 36–37, 40, 42–44
“inhuman” pool hiring, 161, 173–174, 180, 186, 189–190, 194–195, 197, 210, 221, 242, 252, 253, 255, 259
“it has to be that way”, 184–185, 197, 218, 254
limits of human resources, 186, 197, 255, 257
masculine-ideals, 30, 38–39, 40, 44, 160, 177, 183, 187, 194–196, 209, 210, 214, 215, 217, 219, 237, 242
need to be “adaptable”, 170, 195, 206–207, 240
no trust, 188, 197
order of engineers, 180–181, 195, 214
program/project cancellation, 29, 162, 194, 203
“standard” 20%, 4, 33, 163–164, 194, 204, 240, 248
taking unwanted jobs, 36, 176, 183, 195–196, 209–210, 217
“the only girl here”, 169, 171, 179, 195–196, 206–207, 214
trust hiring, 161, 180, 181, 196, 214, 238, 242
unwritten, 27, 42–43
“we don’t hire anyone”, 123, 170, 195
written, 27, 42–43
Russian occupation of Ukrainian Crimea, 29
Russian symbiotic relationship, 29
Sagas, 92–94, 102
Sameness, 3, 54, 60, 71, 101–102
Sample
diverse, 70
organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
participants, 115, 118, 178
STEM-professional women, 178
stories and narratives, 126
Scientific classification (Foucault), 97, 99–100, 103, 234
management, 52
Self and subjection, technology of, 55–56, 61, 246
Self-care, ethic of, 245–247
Selfsameness, 60, 101–102
Sensegiving entity, 124
Sexism, 13, 65, 97–98, 103, 201, 251
Silent killers, 235, 264
Sinclair Radio Laboratories (Toronto), 31
Social
context, 8, 65, 67, 79
determinism, 14, 64
inequality, 53, 65, 66, 67, 101, 142
interactions, 4, 6–8, 11, 17, 19, 27, 40, 41, 43–44, 56, 58, 60, 63, 67, 69, 71, 75, 77–79, 92, 95, 104, 119, 123–124, 132, 162, 193, 203, 209–210, 217, 220, 224, 231, 235, 247, 252, 257–258
justice, 13, 19,-20, 65, 67, 106, 127, 233, 239–256, 258–259
values, 6, 8, 10, 18, 19, 27, 42–45, 55, 67, 78, 105, 122–124, 159–160, 162–166, 168–177, 179, 181, 182–186, 187–191, 202, 206, 217, 224, 231, 233, 249, 257
Social-identity, 6, 15, 39, 61–62, 66, 73, 75–77, 97, 120–121, 131–133, 135, 137, 140, 145, 148, 167, 204, 238
Socioeconomic status of class, 8
Socio-psychological processes, 4, 5, 8–9, 94, 96, 113, 159, 201, 224
Space industry
demographics, 10, 11, 19, 27, 51, 69, 138, 160–163, 168, 171, 174, 205–206, 223, 248, 253
macro: global space industry, 27–30
meso: Canadian space industry, 31–33
micro: demographics and organization-specific formal rules, 10, 11, 19, 27
Alouette I, 33
Canadian Space Agency demographics, 34–35
MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates demographics, 34
organizational rules within CSA, 35–37
Spar Aerospace, 31, 166
Stakeholder, 11, 28, 32, 95
Standard 20% rule, 4, 33, 163–164, 194, 204, 240, 248
Standpoint theories/ideologies, 51–53, 54, 63, 72–73, 74, 239
State of becoming, 56, 72, 78, 124, 217, 247
State of being, 13, 53–54, 61, 74, 78, 97, 99, 101, 104, 107, 124, 224, 239, 257
Status quo, 65, 71, 106, 114, 119, 166, 224, 264
STEM-professional man/men, 13, 15, 19, 43, 78, 114, 120
cell of influences, 105, 114, 126
empirical, 153, 174, 193, 195, 246–254
micro-political resistances, 240–254
responsibilities, 126–127
STEM-professional woman/women, 4–6, 9–10, 13, 15, 19, 20, 33, 36, 39–40, 53, 61, 72, 76, 79, 103–106, 113–114, 125–127, 244, 263–264
cell of influences, 105–106, 118, 120–121, 162–187, 224, 237
early career, 133–139, 161–172, 202–209
exclusion, 233–239
identities, 131–133
late career, 143–156, 178–197, 213–224
micro-political resistances, 238–240
mid career, 139–143, 172–178, 209–213
Story/Stories, 4–6, 8, 15, 16–17, 19, 61, 62, 70, 92–94, 104, 114–115, 118–119, 124, 127, 131, 133, 134–135, 142, 145, 150, 153–154, 159, 160, 163–164, 166–167, 169–170, 171, 174, 175, 177, 179, 181, 182–183, 185, 187–193, 203–204, 208–209, 211–213, 215–216, 218, 219–220, 223–224, 234, 235, 236, 243–244, 247–249, 251, 254–255, 256
Storytelling, 92, 94, 96, 105, 121, 133, 179, 214
Structural social reality, 51–52
Subject, 7, 12–13, 55–58, 59, 60–61, 64, 67, 72–73, 74, 96–98, 100, 103, 107, 239, 245–247, 257–258
Subjectification, 97–98, 100, 103, 105, 234
Symbolic interactionism/interactionalists, 10, 60, 62, 71
Systems of domination, 98–99
Systems of oppression, 74–75
See also Oppression
Technology/technological innovation, 4, 30–31, 38–39, 42, 182, 209, 219
Technology/technologies (Foucault), 12, 54–55, 72–73
of discourses/knowledge, 58–59
of power-relations, 56–58
of self and subjection, 55–56, 61, 245
Temporal identity, 61
Theoretical Wedge, 14, 63–64, 73
Theory of marginalization, 64, 70, 99, 103
See also Marginalization
Three-dimensional power model, 57
Transgender, 8, 64, 65, 70, 115
Triangulate/triangulation, 114, 120
Triple jeopardy, 63
Two-dimensional model of power, 57
Unstructured interview, 6, 115, 118, 243
US Augustine Committee report, 30
Utopian universalistic theory of discourse, 58–59
Valued-masculine prototype, 39, 203, 214
Violence, 63, 75, 99, 247
Weickian/sensemaking, 8, 17–18, 62, 91, 93, 94–96, 102, 107, 119, 126
WFA. See Workforce availability (WFA)
‘Who I am,’, 7, 14, 15, 54, 60–62, 74, 76, 95, 107, 120, 121, 133, 136–138, 143, 144, 146, 149, 151, 159, 167–168, 194, 236, 241, 263
‘Who I am becoming,’, 7, 14, 54, 62, 74, 76, 107, 120, 121, 133, 138, 149, 159, 241
Womanhood, 100
Workforce availability (WFA), 34, 35
Working interdependently, 29, 160, 194
World War II, 11, 28
Race − class − cisgender mantra
, 64
Racism
, 65, 97–98, 103
RCA Victor Co. Ltd (Montreal)
, 31
Reflexivity
, 15, 54, 61, 104–105, 121, 155
Régime des pratiques (system of practices)
, 12, 54, 59
Relationality (concept)
, 14, 18, 65, 67–68, 70, 73, 78, 79, 256
Repression
, 44, 96–98
Research framework
, 9
forms of context
, 11, 40–44
forms of context, of knowledge and of experiences
, 9–11
forms of experiences
, 11–15, 103–107
forms of knowledge
, 16–17, 74–79
Research methodology
critical sensemaking (CSM) framework
, 118–127
data collected
, 115–118
forms of context
, 122–123
forms of experiences
, 124–126
forms of knowledge
, 119–122
participants and their recruitment
, 113–115
purpose and research questions
, 113
STEM-professional men
, 126–127
Resistance(s)
, 12, 18–19, 52, 56–58, 62, 73, 74–75, 93, 96, 101, 104–107, 124, 155, 203, 204, 208, 214, 216, 236, 238
micro-political
, 6, 13, 19–20, 106–107, 127, 239–244, 256, 259
norms
, 56, 67, 106, 245, 247, 251, 256
Reveal(ing)
, 4
Right Stuff myth (1979)
, 4, 30, 93
Rules/meta-rules
, 5–6, 8–10, 17–18, 19, 40–43, 45, 55–56, 62, 67, 73, 78, 91, 95, 97, 103–107, 113, 119, 121, 122–124, 126, 132, 156, 159–166, 168–171, 172–177, 179–181, 182–186, 187–191, 202–203, 206–207, 209–210, 214, 217–218, 220–222, 252, 256–259, 264
Being put in her place
, 170, 195
cisgender multi-tasking
, 177, 195, 210
cisgender presentism
, 36–37, 175
cisgender stratification
, 27, 37, 179, 196, 214, 238
cisgender taking unwanted jobs
, 176, 183, 195, 196, 209–210, 217
contradictory occupational position
, 183–185, 196, 217–218, 242
“cultural blockage”
, 185, 197, 217–218, 242, 255
demographic
, 33–35, 41, 160, 162–163, 168, 171, 174, 194
demographic balance
, 171, 194
“elite”
, 168, 170, 195, 206–207
engineering work ethic
, 38, 188, 197, 221
evolution
, 42–43
feminine-ideal
, 39, 91, 98, 125, 179, 181, 195–196, 207, 209, 214, 215, 217–218, 237, 242–243
formal
, 27, 30, 31, 33–37, 40, 42–43
(cis)gender naming of space structures
, 162, 166, 194, 203, 240
“Having the balls”
, 184–185, 197, 218, 237, 242, 254–255
infantilizing STEM-professional women
, 190–191, 196, 221, 222, 240
informal
, 27, 30, 36–37, 40, 42–44
“inhuman” pool hiring
, 161, 173–174, 180, 186, 189–190, 194–195, 197, 210, 221, 242, 252, 253, 255, 259
“it has to be that way”
, 184–185, 197, 218, 254
limits of human resources
, 186, 197, 255, 257
masculine-ideals
, 30, 38–39, 40, 44, 160, 177, 183, 187, 194–196, 209, 210, 214, 215, 217, 219, 237, 242
need to be “adaptable”
, 170, 195, 206–207, 240
no trust
, 188, 197
order of engineers
, 180–181, 195, 214
program/project cancellation
, 29, 162, 194, 203
“standard” 20%
, 4, 33, 163–164, 194, 204, 240, 248
taking unwanted jobs
, 36, 176, 183, 195–196, 209–210, 217
“the only girl here”
, 169, 171, 179, 195–196, 206–207, 214
trust hiring
, 161, 180, 181, 196, 214, 238, 242
unwritten
, 27, 42–43
“we don’t hire anyone”
, 123, 170, 195
written
, 27, 42–43
Russian occupation of Ukrainian Crimea
, 29
Russian symbiotic relationship
, 29
Sagas
, 92–94, 102
Sameness
, 3, 54, 60, 71, 101–102
Sample
diverse
, 70
organizational rules within CSA
, 35–37
participants
, 115, 118, 178
STEM-professional women
, 178
stories and narratives
, 126
Scientific classification (Foucault)
, 97, 99–100, 103, 234
management
, 52
Self and subjection, technology of
, 55–56, 61, 246
Self-care, ethic of
, 245–247
Selfsameness
, 60, 101–102
Sensegiving entity
, 124
Sexism
, 13, 65, 97–98, 103, 201, 251
Silent killers
, 235, 264
Sinclair Radio Laboratories (Toronto)
, 31
Social
context
, 8, 65, 67, 79
determinism
, 14, 64
inequality
, 53, 65, 66, 67, 101, 142
interactions
, 4, 6–8, 11, 17, 19, 27, 40, 41, 43–44, 56, 58, 60, 63, 67, 69, 71, 75, 77–79, 92, 95, 104, 119, 123–124, 132, 162, 193, 203, 209–210, 217, 220, 224, 231, 235, 247, 252, 257–258
justice
, 13, 19,-20, 65, 67, 106, 127, 233, 239–256, 258–259
values
, 6, 8, 10, 18, 19, 27, 42–45, 55, 67, 78, 105, 122–124, 159–160, 162–166, 168–177, 179, 181, 182–186, 187–191, 202, 206, 217, 224, 231, 233, 249, 257
Social-identity
, 6, 15, 39, 61–62, 66, 73, 75–77, 97, 120–121, 131–133, 135, 137, 140, 145, 148, 167, 204, 238
Socioeconomic status of class
, 8
Socio-psychological processes
, 4, 5, 8–9, 94, 96, 113, 159, 201, 224
Space industry
demographics
, 10, 11, 19, 27, 51, 69, 138, 160–163, 168, 171, 174, 205–206, 223, 248, 253
macro: global space industry
, 27–30
meso: Canadian space industry
, 31–33
micro: demographics and organization-specific formal rules
, 10, 11, 19, 27
Alouette I
, 33
Canadian Space Agency demographics
, 34–35
MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates demographics
, 34
organizational rules within CSA
, 35–37
Spar Aerospace
, 31, 166
Stakeholder
, 11, 28, 32, 95
Standard 20% rule
, 4, 33, 163–164, 194, 204, 240, 248
Standpoint theories/ideologies
, 51–53, 54, 63, 72–73, 74, 239
State of becoming
, 56, 72, 78, 124, 217, 247
State of being
, 13, 53–54, 61, 74, 78, 97, 99, 101, 104, 107, 124, 224, 239, 257
Status quo
, 65, 71, 106, 114, 119, 166, 224, 264
STEM-professional man/men
, 13, 15, 19, 43, 78, 114, 120
cell of influences
, 105, 114, 126
empirical
, 153, 174, 193, 195, 246–254
micro-political resistances
, 240–254
responsibilities
, 126–127
STEM-professional woman/women
, 4–6, 9–10, 13, 15, 19, 20, 33, 36, 39–40, 53, 61, 72, 76, 79, 103–106, 113–114, 125–127, 244, 263–264
cell of influences
, 105–106, 118, 120–121, 162–187, 224, 237
early career
, 133–139, 161–172, 202–209
exclusion
, 233–239
identities
, 131–133
late career
, 143–156, 178–197, 213–224
micro-political resistances
, 238–240
mid career
, 139–143, 172–178, 209–213
Story/Stories
, 4–6, 8, 15, 16–17, 19, 61, 62, 70, 92–94, 104, 114–115, 118–119, 124, 127, 131, 133, 134–135, 142, 145, 150, 153–154, 159, 160, 163–164, 166–167, 169–170, 171, 174, 175, 177, 179, 181, 182–183, 185, 187–193, 203–204, 208–209, 211–213, 215–216, 218, 219–220, 223–224, 234, 235, 236, 243–244, 247–249, 251, 254–255, 256
Storytelling
, 92, 94, 96, 105, 121, 133, 179, 214
Structural social reality
, 51–52
Subject
, 7, 12–13, 55–58, 59, 60–61, 64, 67, 72–73, 74, 96–98, 100, 103, 107, 239, 245–247, 257–258
Subjectification
, 97–98, 100, 103, 105, 234
Symbolic interactionism/interactionalists
, 10, 60, 62, 71
Systems of domination
, 98–99
Systems of oppression
, 74–75
See also Oppression
Technology/technological innovation, 4, 30–31, 38–39, 42, 182, 209, 219
Technology/technologies (Foucault), 12, 54–55, 72–73
of discourses/knowledge, 58–59
of power-relations, 56–58
of self and subjection, 55–56, 61, 245
Temporal identity, 61
Theoretical Wedge, 14, 63–64, 73
Theory of marginalization, 64, 70, 99, 103
See also Marginalization
Three-dimensional power model, 57
Transgender, 8, 64, 65, 70, 115
Triangulate/triangulation, 114, 120
Triple jeopardy, 63
Two-dimensional model of power, 57
Unstructured interview, 6, 115, 118, 243
US Augustine Committee report, 30
Utopian universalistic theory of discourse, 58–59
Valued-masculine prototype, 39, 203, 214
Violence, 63, 75, 99, 247
Weickian/sensemaking, 8, 17–18, 62, 91, 93, 94–96, 102, 107, 119, 126
WFA. See Workforce availability (WFA)
‘Who I am,’, 7, 14, 15, 54, 60–62, 74, 76, 95, 107, 120, 121, 133, 136–138, 143, 144, 146, 149, 151, 159, 167–168, 194, 236, 241, 263
‘Who I am becoming,’, 7, 14, 54, 62, 74, 76, 107, 120, 121, 133, 138, 149, 159, 241
Womanhood, 100
Workforce availability (WFA), 34, 35
Working interdependently, 29, 160, 194
World War II, 11, 28
Technology/technological innovation
, 4, 30–31, 38–39, 42, 182, 209, 219
Technology/technologies (Foucault)
, 12, 54–55, 72–73
of discourses/knowledge
, 58–59
of power-relations
, 56–58
of self and subjection
, 55–56, 61, 245
Temporal identity
, 61
Theoretical Wedge
, 14, 63–64, 73
Theory of marginalization
, 64, 70, 99, 103
See also Marginalization
Three-dimensional power model
, 57
Transgender
, 8, 64, 65, 70, 115
Triangulate/triangulation
, 114, 120
Triple jeopardy
, 63
Two-dimensional model of power
, 57
Unstructured interview
, 6, 115, 118, 243
US Augustine Committee report
, 30
Utopian universalistic theory of discourse
, 58–59
Valued-masculine prototype, 39, 203, 214
Violence, 63, 75, 99, 247
Weickian/sensemaking, 8, 17–18, 62, 91, 93, 94–96, 102, 107, 119, 126
WFA. See Workforce availability (WFA)
‘Who I am,’, 7, 14, 15, 54, 60–62, 74, 76, 95, 107, 120, 121, 133, 136–138, 143, 144, 146, 149, 151, 159, 167–168, 194, 236, 241, 263
‘Who I am becoming,’, 7, 14, 54, 62, 74, 76, 107, 120, 121, 133, 138, 149, 159, 241
Womanhood, 100
Workforce availability (WFA), 34, 35
Working interdependently, 29, 160, 194
World War II, 11, 28
Valued-masculine prototype
, 39, 203, 214
Violence
, 63, 75, 99, 247
Weickian/sensemaking
, 8, 17–18, 62, 91, 93, 94–96, 102, 107, 119, 126
WFA. See Workforce availability (WFA)
‘Who I am,’
, 7, 14, 15, 54, 60–62, 74, 76, 95, 107, 120, 121, 133, 136–138, 143, 144, 146, 149, 151, 159, 167–168, 194, 236, 241, 263
‘Who I am becoming,’
, 7, 14, 54, 62, 74, 76, 107, 120, 121, 133, 138, 149, 159, 241
Womanhood
, 100
Workforce availability (WFA)
, 34, 35
Working interdependently
, 29, 160, 194
World War II
, 11, 28
- Prelims
- Prologue
- Chapter 1 The View from Earth
- Chapter 2 Forms of Context
- Chapter 3 Forms of Knowledge
- Chapter 4 Forms of Experiences
- Chapter 5 Research Methodology
- Chapter 6 STEM-professional Women’s Range of Anchor Points
- Chapter 7 Canadian Space Industry’s Forms of Context, and STEM-professional Women’s Dominant Ideas and Practices
- Chapter 8 Relationship between STEM-professional Women’s Anchor Points and Forms of Context, and Forms of Experiences
- Chapter 9 Revealing the ‘How’ of an Exclusionary Order and Social Justice Initiatives
- Final Word: My Journey
- Index