ACARE (Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research in Europe)
, 112
Aeromobility
, 6, 10, 45, 88, 201, 202, 203, 214
Aeronautical technologies
, 10, 89, 93, 104, 111, 137
Aéroports de Paris (ADP)
, 134, 136, 137
Africa (air traffic growth in)
, 59, 60, 208
Air France
, 20, 140, 149, 187
Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs)
, 101–102, 208
Air Passenger Duty (APD, UK)
, 113, 120
Air pollution
, 17, 18, 103, 157, 177
Air traffic control (ATC)
, 56, 101–102, 166
Air traffic management
, 8, 20, 117, 208
Airbus
A300
, 96
A320neo
, 20, 56
A340
, 96
A380
, 74, 90, 132
Aircraft
decommissioning
, 29
design
, 74–75, 93, 97, 98
engines (high-bypass turbofans and open rotors)
, 90, 95, 99
maintenance
, 91, 111
manufacturing
, 50, 91, 93
turnarounds
, 91, 92
Aircraft noise
annoyance
, 16, 30, 155–171
human health impacts
, 17, 159
measurement
, 20, 30
mitigation measures
, 30
policies
, 158–160, 163, 164, 166
pollution
, 8, 16, 18, 30, 170
sources
, 157, 163
Aircraft atmospheric pollution
carbon dioxide (see separate entry) methane
, 90, 91
nitrous oxides (NOx)
, 91, 112
NMVOCs (non-methane volatile organic compounds)
, 90–91
sulphurous oxides (SOx)
, 91
water vapour
, 90–91
Airline
alliances
, 148
bankruptcy
, 21, 69, 99
seat capacity
, 42, 47
traffic
, 45, 46, 49
Airport
capacity
, 6, 26, 48, 52, 81, 134, 135, 140, 147, 223, 225, 226, 233, 234
cities (see also aerotropoli)
, 5, 256–257
companies
, 132, 134–138, 139, 141–148, 149, 150
connectivity
, 12, 187, 243, 256
expansion
, 8, 9, 17, 24, 25, 26, 52, 150, 166, 188, 229, 230, 231, 232–235, 243–245, 260
failure/closure
, 13
governance
, 241–243, 252, 259–261
hubs
, 38, 40, 41, 44, 133, 134, 135, 140, 143, 185, 240, 246, 250
infrastructure
, 10, 51–54
key city-pairs
, 45, 46
operations
, 17, 30, 92, 102–103, 105
operators
, 19, 20, 102, 103, 141, 242, 250, 255, 260
opposition
, 11, 25, 52, 250, 257
ownership
, 30, 134, 146
policy
, 25, 132, 140, 143, 158, 162–163, 166
privatisation
, 30, 147
retailing
, 13, 92, 141
revenue
, 121, 124, 137, 144, 145, 148
security
, 7, 15, 201, 204
Airports
as cargo hubs
, 135
as Large Technical Systems
, 242
as passenger hubs
, 40, 135
Airports Commission (see also Davies Commission)
, 233–234
Air-rail
competition
, 176, 177, 179–185
integration
, 185–193
substitution
, 177–179
Airspace
, 101, 102, 200, 201, 202, 205–213
Air travel
as embedded social practice
, 10
disruption caused by ash cloud
, 200–201, 205–206, 209–210, 213
global passenger demand
, 14, 27
Alternative fuels (see also biofuels)
, 8, 14, 19, 20, 50, 75, 99
Anti-airport protest campaigns
, 8–9, 14, 17, 30
ATAG (Air Transport Action Group)
, 20
Aviation
economic growth
, 14, 47, 70, 132, 147, 223, 224, 225, 232, 233
economic impact
, 16, 29, 88, 111, 120, 125, 150
futures
, 3–31, 214
social benefits
, 16
policy
, 10, 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 66–68, 221, 224, 241
Aviation fuel – tax exemptions
, 13
BAA (formerly British Airports Authority)
, 136
Biofuels (see also alternative fuels)
, 20, 57, 100, 105, 120, 126
feedstocks
, 20, 57, 75, 100
trial flights
, 100
Blended wing aircraft
, 97
Boeing
B707
, 94
B737MAX
, 20
B747 ‘Jumbo Jet’
, 95
B777LR Freighter
, 47
B787 Dreamliner
, 96
Boris Island airport (see also Thames Estuary Airport)
, 232
British Airways
, 20, 23, 94
Brundtland Commission
, 11, 12
Brussels
, 44, 182, 183, 187–192
Carbon
allowances
, 114, 116, 118, 122
budgets
, 65–83
footprint
, 149, 150
market
, 114, 116
price
, 29, 67, 83, 114, 116, 120, 121, 124, 125
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
, 7, 18, 19, 57, 102
climate effects
, 91
emissions
, 7–8, 18, 57–58, 67–68, 70, 72–74, 76, 78, 80, 102, 110–111, 113–114, 120, 123
regulation
, 113
CDU (Christian Democratic Union, Germany)
, 240, 250, 258
Charles de Gaulle Airport, Paris
, 187
Chicago Convention
, 13, 112, 117–118
China
, 21, 29, 54–55, 70–71, 73, 78, 260
Citizen/public participation
, 241, 247, 261
Climate change
causes
, 39, 66, 68, 78, 90
consequences
, 66, 68, 78
models
, 68
dangerous climate change
, 68
2oC threshold
, 69, 83
Coalition Government (UK)
, 19, 52
Committee on Climate Change (UK)
, 7–8, 19
Composite materials
, 74, 95, 96
Conservative Party
, 152, 234–235, 237
Continuous climb departures (CCDs)
, 20, 101–102
Continuous descent approaches (CDAs)
, 101–102
Crisis Management
, 199–214
Coalition Government (UK)
, 19, 52
Committee on Climate Change (UK)
, 7–8
Composite materials
, 74, 95, 96
Conservative Party
, 152, 234–235
Continuous climb departures (CCDs)
, 20, 101–102
Continuous descent approaches (CDAs)
, 101–102
Crisis Management
, 30, 199–213
Davies Commission (see Airports Commission)
, 25–26
Decision-making (political)
, 9, 18
de Havilland Comet
, 58, 94
Demand management
, 22, 24, 25, 89, 90
Department for Transport (UK)
, 230
Developing economies
, 5, 51
Direct action movements
, 8
Dubai
, 38, 41, 44, 45, 51
EACCC (European Aviation Crisis Coordination Cell)
, 205, 207, 208, 210–213
Ecological Modernisation
, 23, 156, 161–163, 165, 168, 170, 235
Emissions growth
, 18, 76, 78
domestic
, 76, 78, 111
international
, 11
Emission pathways
, 65, 69
Emissions trading
, 8, 11, 21, 23, 29, 57–58, 67, 109–126 (see also EU ETS)
Environmental groups
, 9, 20, 133, 145, 232, 233
Environmental politics
, 228–231, 248
EU ETS (Emissions Trading System)
, 21, 58, 67, 111, 113, 114–126
directives/legislation
, 114, 116, 117
impacts
, 111, 120–125
mechanism/permit allocation
, 21, 67, 114–116
EUROCONTROL
, 200, 205, 206, 207, 208, 211
Europe
, 6, 13, 20, 30, 57, 60, 114, 116, 133, 146, 149, 150, 157, 159, 175–194, 208, 214, 240
European Commission (EC)
, 20, 58, 112, 114–117, 119, 125, 145, 193, 211
European Union (EU)
, 11, 13, 21, 29, 57, 58, 66–67, 109–126, 143, 148, 192–194
Exercise Volcex
, 200, 205
Eyjafjallajökull
, 15, 205
Flag carriers
, 132, 143, 148, 182
Flights
global provision of air services
, 48, 134, 182
scheduled services
, 38, 43, 47
Fossil fuels (aviation’s reliance on)
, 7, 50, 57, 75, 80, 95
Frankfurt/Main Airport
controversy
, 248–249, 255–257
expansion
, 240, 243–245, 248, 251, 252, 259
history
, 241, 246–248
Fraport AG
, 137, 240, 250
Friends of the Earth
, 156, 162, 231, 232
Fuel efficiency
, 8, 20–21, 57, 74, 89, 93, 95, 98, 101, 112
Functional Airspace Blocks (FABs)
, 208
Gatwick Airport, London
, 52
Germany
, 31, 110, 147, 165, 182, 188, 189, 241–245, 260
Global economy
, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 42, 47, 50, 59, 88
Global Infrastructure Partners (GIP)
, 145–146
Global recession (2008) – effects on air travel demand
, 6
Globalisation
, 6, 25, 113
Greenhouse gases (GHGs)
, 7, 17, 20, 39, 54, 66, 68–69, 110–111, 113–116, 126
Greening, Justine
, 229–231
Haneda Airport, Tokyo
, 40
Hartsfield Airport, Atlanta
, 40
Heathrow Airport, London
, 16, 25, 103, 137, 145–146, 229, 230, 233
Third runway
, 9, 25, 147, 225, 229, 232–233, 240, 247
Terminal 5 (T5)
, 54, 141, 144
Heathrow Airport Holdings (HAH)
, 134, 141, 146
High-speed rail
, 175
connectivity
, 187
development
, 192
effect on demand
, 184, 187
environmental impact
, 178, 185
High-Speed 2 (UK)
, 147, 230
IATA (International Air Transport Association)
, 6, 12, 13, 20, 21, 112, 206
ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organisation)
, 21, 49, 54, 55, 66, 67, 79, 80, 110, 120, 205, 212, 242
Indonesia
, 5, 41, 42, 56, 59, 205
Infectious disease
, 15, 89, 92
Jakarta
, 40, 41, 42, 46, 56, 135
Johnson, Boris
, 52, 230, 231
Kloten Airport, Zurich
, 30, 158, 164
Kyoto Protocol
, 58, 66, 111, 113, 114
Liberalisation
, 6, 9, 113, 192, 204
Lion Air (Indonesian low-cost carrier)
, 42, 56
London airports (see also Heathrow, Gatwick and Stansted)
, 16, 144, 147, 152
London Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre
, 205
Long-haul flights
, 191, 203
Low-cost carriers
, 6, 9, 16, 41, 70
Lufthansa
, 20, 136, 142, 148, 182, 183, 186, 248, 249, 254, 255, 256
Manchester Airports Group (MAG)
, 26, 146
Market regulation
, 22, 23, 25, 145
McLoughlin, Patrick
, 230, 233, 234
Mediation
, 132, 157, 240, 245, 248, 249, 254, 255, 256, 257, 260, 261
Middle East
, 28, 37, 47, 51, 52, 71, 72, 76, 77, 80, 103, 212
New technology
, 74, 89, 95, 101, 102
NGOs (Non-Governmental Organisations)
, 66, 82, 133, 257
NIABY-style protest (Not In Anybody’s Back Yard)
, 232
NIMBY-style protest (Not In My Back Yard)
, 229, 232
Notre-Dame-Des-Landes Airport, Nantes
, 9
Oil
, 7, 14, 19, 22, 23, 24, 39, 42, 49, 57, 93, 95, 209, 214
consumption
, 73, 88
price
, 39, 42, 49, 95
supply
, 39, 49, 50, 54
Paris
, 38, 40, 41, 52, 53, 133, 134, 140, 151, 176, 182, 187, 189, 191, 269
Participatory practices
, 169, 170
Passenger demand
, 14, 19, 27
Peak oil
, 7, 14, 19, 22, 23, 50, 185
Policy instruments
, 4, 9, 22, 25, 118, 169, 228, 269
Political power
, 133, 167
Precision Area Navigation
, 20, 89
Protest groups
, 161, 162, 163, 165
Regional governance
, 239, 241—243, 258
Roth, Petra
, 240, 250, 257, 258
Runways
, 52, 75, 91, 145, 169, 246, 249
Schiphol Airport, Amsterdam
, 158, 170
SPD (Social Democratic Party, Germany)
, 240, 258
Stansted Airport, London
, 16, 140, 145
Stop Stansted Expansion
, 17, 26
Surface access
, 17, 92, 103–104
Sustainable Aviation Group (UK)
, 10, 20
Sustainable aviation
, 10, 11, 12, 20, 28, 44, 132, 147, 151, 156, 241
Sustainable development
, 8, 11, 22, 235
Sustainable transport
, 9, 24
Taxes/taxation regimes
, 13, 112, 145, 226
Thames Estuary Airport (see also Boris Island airport)
, 61
Tradable permits
, 67, 114
UK
, 4, 7, 19, 20, 23, 27, 47, 66, 67, 94, 102, 113, 122, 146, 147, 179, 204, 209, 233, 235, 265
Umweltpolitik (Green politics)
, 248
United Arab Emirates
, 5, 44
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
, 66, 111, 113
United States of America
, 21, 24, 43, 47, 50, 55, 58, 59, 70, 73, 76, 78, 80, 82, 94, 98, 114, 157, 159, 204, 211
World War Two
, 5, 6, 27, 94, 104, 133, 156, 157