Index
Advances in Environmental Accounting & Management: Social and Environmental Accounting in Brazil
ISBN: 978-1-78635-376-4, eISBN: 978-1-78635-375-7
ISSN: 1479-3598
Publication date: 23 March 2017
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2017), "Index", Advances in Environmental Accounting & Management: Social and Environmental Accounting in Brazil (Advances in Environmental Accounting & Management, Vol. 6), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 189-194. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-359820160000006007
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2017 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Accounting, 18
materialist dimensions of, 29
social and environmental, 14–15, 17–21, 23–34
Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal
, 2
Accounting, Organizations and Society
, 2
Accumulation of capital wealth, 25
Advances in Environmental Accounting and Management (AEAM), 2, 3, 5
Agency Theory, 70
Alyeska Pipeline Service Company, 163
American Accounting Association, 4
Antagonism, 15, 17–21, 29, 30
Arthur Andersen, 3
Associação Brasileira das Entidades dos Mercados Financeiros e de Capitais (ANBIMA, Brazilian Association of Financial and Capital Market Entities), 112, 140
Associação Brasileira das Entidades Fechadas e de Previdência Privada (ABRAPP, Brazilian Association of Private Pension Entities), 112, 140
Associação dos Analistas e Profissionais de Investimento do Mercado de Capitais (APIMEC, Association of Capital Market Investment Analysts and Professionals), 112, 140
Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) test, 118, 122, 123, 146, 151, 152
Australia
adherence to GRI, 72
GHG emissions, 4
Average difference, 144, 149, 151, 154
Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES, Brazil’s National Economic and Social Development Bank), 112
Belgium
CSR disclosure, 72
BM&FBovespa (São Paulo Stock Exchange), 107, 112, 113, 116, 117, 125, 127, 135, 136, 139–143, 153
BOVESPA, 140
Bovespa Index (IBOV), 10, 107, 113, 116, 117, 119–126, 136, 140, 142–144, 146–152, 154
Braskem petrochemical company disaster, 168
Brazil, 9–11, 15, 16, 21, 22, 136
adherence to GRI, 72
environmental disaster’s, impact on socio-environmental disclosure and companies investments, 159–178
Brazil 100 Index (IBrX100), 10, 107, 116, 117, 119–126
Brazil 50 Index (IBrX50), 10, 107, 112–113, 116, 117, 119–128, 136, 141, 143, 144, 146–152, 154
Brazilian Institute of Social and Economic Analyses (IBASE), 165
Brazilian stock market, performance of sustainability and negotiability indexes in, 133–154
Brundtland report, 17
Bush, George W., 6n1
Bush administration, 3
Business case approach, 27, 38–68
Business sustainability, 111–113
Campello, Tereza, 16
Cap-and-trade system, 3
Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), 115
Capitalism, 27
Marxist critique of, 25
Capitalist system, 28, 32
Capital Market Line (CML), 115, 116
Capital-orientated actions, 30, 31
Carbon credits, 16
Carbon Efficient Index (Índice de Carbono Eficiente), 10, 135
financial performance of stocks of companies participating in, 105–128
Carbon market, 24
China, 22
adherence to GRI, 72
Chinese social accounting, 4
Climate change, 5
Clinton, Bill, 6n1
Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies (CERES), 72
Consulting studies, 30–31, 33
Content analysis, 27, 165
Contestability, 34
Convenient fictions, 28–29
Corporate disclosure, 23, 25, 27–29, 31–33
Corporate governance, 4
Corporate Governance Stock Index (IGC), 142
Corporate growth, 16
Corporate reputation, 4
Corporate responsibility, 14
Corporate social responsibility (CSR), 10, 14, 20, 21, 23, 25–27, 31, 71–72, 106, 108–111, 137–139, 154
and company performance, relationship between, 134
disclosure, 73–101
environmental disaster’s impact on, 161–162
and financial performance, relationship between, 141–142
information through GRI, disclosing, 69–101
Corporate Sustainability Index, 107, 112, 135
Cost–benefit analysis, 71, 138
Critical Perspectives on Accounting
, 2
Critical theory approach, 25, 27, 28, 38–68
CSR information through GRI, disclosing, 69–101
audit of sustainability reports, 91, 93–95
cost of, 74–75
GRI application level in CSR reports, adoption of, 88–89, 98–99
GRI reports and economic development, 77, 80, 81
institutional environments, 74
integrated reports, issuing, 90, 92
larger firms versus nonbusiness organizations, 75–76
methodology, 76–77
organizational characteristics, 77–83, 90, 92–99
organizations adopting, types of, 80, 82, 95–98
quality of reporting, 83, 85–90, 92–99
sample, 76
size of organization, 83, 84
status of companies, 75, 80, 83
sustainability reports, models of, 86–87, 92–93, 95–97
type of reports, 90, 92, 95–98
Dialogic approaches, 34
Disclosure, 23, 25, 27–29, 31–33
corporate social responsibility, 71–72
Discourse theory, 9, 19–21, 23, 34n1
Domini 400 Social Index, 107, 112, 135
Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI), 112, 135
Economatica®, 117, 143
Economic development, 16
Economic growth, 14
Elsevier, 3
Emancipation, 18, 34
Emancipatory politics, 34
Emerging economies, and logic of development, 21–22
Engle–Granger test, 118, 123, 124, 146, 152
Enron, 2–3
Environmental accounting, 4
Environmental disaster’s, impact on socio-environmental disclosure and companies investments, 10–11, 159–178, 181–188
Braskem petrochemical company disaster, 168
corporate social responsibility, 161–162
Exxon Valdez oil spill, Alaska, 163
legitimacy theory, 161–162
Mineração Rio Pomba Cataguases Ltda. disaster, 167
Petrobras disaster, 34n4, 166–167
Samarco pipeline disaster, 167–168
Union Carbide leakage, Bhopal, 163
Environmental disclosures, 3
Environmental performance, 4
Environmental protection, 16
Environmental Protection Authorities (EPA), 162
European Union (EU), 2, 4, 5
Exxon Valdez oil spill, Alaska, 163
Financial performance
and corporate social responsibility, relationship between, 141–142
of stocks of companies participating in ICO2, 105–128
France
CSR disclosure, 72
FTSE4Good, 112, 135
Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), 3, 10, 31, 72–73
CSR information through GRI, disclosing, 69–101
guidelines, 73
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, 2–4, 107, 112, 135, 141
Hegemony, 14, 16, 18, 22, 23, 25, 28–33
defined, 19
politics of, 19–21
IBASE, 31
ICO2, 10, 107, 108, 112–113, 116–128, 135–137, 141, 143, 144, 146–154
as indicator of companies’ financial performance, 113–114
India, 22
adherence to GRI, 72
Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE), 107, 112, 113, 135–137, 139, 141–143, 147, 151, 153, 154
Institutional theory, 72, 74
Instituto Brasileiro de Governança Corporativa (IBGC, Brazilian Institute of Corporate Governance), 112, 140
Instituto de Fiscalização e Controle (IFC, Institute of Oversight and Control), 112, 140
Instituto Ethos (Ethos Institute), 31, 112, 137, 140
Intergenerational justice, 111, 138
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 5
International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC), 24
Intra-generational justice, 111, 138
Jarque–Bera test, 118, 120, 121, 147, 148
Jensen’s alpha. See Jensen Ratio (JR)
Jensen Ratio (JR), 116, 118, 123, 126–128
Johannesburg Socially Responsible Index (SRI), 112
Justice, 72
intra-generational, 111, 138
intergenerational, 111, 138
social, 20
Kruskal–Wallis (KW) test, 118, 121
Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin (KPSS) test, 118, 122, 123, 146, 151, 152
Kyoto Protocol, 2, 4, 6n1
Latin America, 136
Legitimacy theory, 2, 29, 30, 72, 74, 161–162
Levene test, 118, 121
Liquidez em Bolsa
, 117
Logic of development, emerging economies and, 21–22
Loyalty, 72
Mann–Whitney test, 145–146, 149
Market
carbon, 24
index, 139, 148
Marxist critique of capitalism, 25
Materialism, 34
Materialist dimensions of accounting, 29
Mineração Rio Pomba Cataguases Ltda. disaster, 167
Ministério do Meio Ambiente (Ministry of Environment), 112, 140
Mystification, 25, 27
National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES), 141
Negotiability indexes, 139–141
New York Stock Exchange, 112, 135
Obama, Barack, 6n1
Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), 77, 80, 90, 92–93, 100
Organizations, disclosing CSR information through GRI
characteristics of, 77–83, 90, 92–99
nonbusiness, 75–76
size of, 83, 84
types of, 80, 82, 95–98
Other(ness), 20
Petrobras disaster, 34n4, 166–167
Phillips–Perron (PP) test, 118, 122, 123, 146, 151, 152
Portugal
CSR disclosure, 72
Post-structuralism, 14, 17, 18, 23, 25, 34n1
Renewable energy, 3
Reputation, 74
Responsibility, 15
Samarco pipeline disaster, 167–168
São Paulo Stock Exchange (BM&FBovespa), 10
Sarbanes–Oxley Act, 3
Scielo, 23
Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library (SPELL), 34n2
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 4
Security Market Line (SML), 115
Shareholder Theory, 108–111, 138
Sharpe Ratio (ShR), 115, 118, 125–127
Sistema Especial de Liquidação e Custodia (SELIC), 117
Social action, 74, 80, 100
Social and environmental accounting (SEA), 9, 14–15, 17–21, 23–34, 34–35n2
as measurement, 28
mechanisms of, 28
disclosure, 23, 25, 27–29, 31–33
Social balance, 34n3
Social development, 16
Social justice, 20
Social participation, 14
Socio-environmental disclosure/investments, environmental disaster’s impact on, 159–178
Special Clearance and Escrow System, 117
Spell, 23
Stakeholder–accountability approach, 24–27, 38–68
Stakeholder Theory, 70–72, 106–107, 108–111, 138, 162
dimensions of, 109
Stock exchange markets, 75
Stocks
of companies participating in ICO2, financial performance of, 105–128
return, 136, 141–144, 153, 154
Sustainability, 3–4, 5, 14–25, 27–34, 70
business, 111–113
indices, 105–128, 139–141
“re-articulation” or “redescription” of, 17–18
reports, audit of, 91, 93–95
reports, models of, 86–87, 92–93, 95–97
as social construct, 17
Sustainable development, 14–18, 25, 26, 31, 106, 111
defined, 15
Tautology, 27
Technological innovation, 24
Theory of social accounting, 4
Treynor Ratio (TR), 115, 118, 123, 125–128
Triple Bottom Line (TBL) concept, 111–113, 139, 153
Tyco International, 2
Union Carbide leakage, Bhopal, 163
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 72
United States, 2, 3, 5, 6n1, 22, 135
adherence to GRI, 72
GHG emissions, 4
Volume Médio
, 117
Voluntary disclosure theory, 2
Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, 118, 121, 122
Wilcoxon test, 145, 149
WorldCom, 2
Accounting
, 18
materialist dimensions of
, 29
social and environmental
, 14–15, 17–21, 23–34
Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal
, 2
Accounting, Organizations and Society
, 2
Accumulation of capital wealth
, 25
Advances in Environmental Accounting and Management (AEAM)
, 2, 3, 5
Agency Theory
, 70
Alyeska Pipeline Service Company
, 163
American Accounting Association
, 4
Antagonism
, 15, 17–21, 29, 30
Arthur Andersen
, 3
Associação Brasileira das Entidades dos Mercados Financeiros e de Capitais (ANBIMA, Brazilian Association of Financial and Capital Market Entities)
, 112, 140
Associação Brasileira das Entidades Fechadas e de Previdência Privada (ABRAPP, Brazilian Association of Private Pension Entities)
, 112, 140
Associação dos Analistas e Profissionais de Investimento do Mercado de Capitais (APIMEC, Association of Capital Market Investment Analysts and Professionals)
, 112, 140
Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) test
, 118, 122, 123, 146, 151, 152
Australia
adherence to GRI
, 72
GHG emissions
, 4
Average difference
, 144, 149, 151, 154
Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES, Brazil’s National Economic and Social Development Bank)
, 112
Belgium
CSR disclosure
, 72
BM&FBovespa (São Paulo Stock Exchange)
, 107, 112, 113, 116, 117, 125, 127, 135, 136, 139–143, 153
BOVESPA
, 140
Bovespa Index (IBOV)
, 10, 107, 113, 116, 117, 119–126, 136, 140, 142–144, 146–152, 154
Braskem petrochemical company disaster
, 168
Brazil
, 9–11, 15, 16, 21, 22, 136
adherence to GRI
, 72
environmental disaster’s, impact on socio-environmental disclosure and companies investments
, 159–178
Brazil 100 Index (IBrX100)
, 10, 107, 116, 117, 119–126
Brazil 50 Index (IBrX50)
, 10, 107, 112–113, 116, 117, 119–128, 136, 141, 143, 144, 146–152, 154
Brazilian Institute of Social and Economic Analyses (IBASE)
, 165
Brazilian stock market, performance of sustainability and negotiability indexes in
, 133–154
Brundtland report
, 17
Bush, George W.
, 6n1
Bush administration
, 3
Business case approach
, 27, 38–68
Business sustainability
, 111–113
Campello, Tereza, 16
Cap-and-trade system, 3
Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), 115
Capitalism, 27
Marxist critique of, 25
Capitalist system, 28, 32
Capital Market Line (CML), 115, 116
Capital-orientated actions, 30, 31
Carbon credits, 16
Carbon Efficient Index (Índice de Carbono Eficiente), 10, 135
financial performance of stocks of companies participating in, 105–128
Carbon market, 24
China, 22
adherence to GRI, 72
Chinese social accounting, 4
Climate change, 5
Clinton, Bill, 6n1
Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies (CERES), 72
Consulting studies, 30–31, 33
Content analysis, 27, 165
Contestability, 34
Convenient fictions, 28–29
Corporate disclosure, 23, 25, 27–29, 31–33
Corporate governance, 4
Corporate Governance Stock Index (IGC), 142
Corporate growth, 16
Corporate reputation, 4
Corporate responsibility, 14
Corporate social responsibility (CSR), 10, 14, 20, 21, 23, 25–27, 31, 71–72, 106, 108–111, 137–139, 154
and company performance, relationship between, 134
disclosure, 73–101
environmental disaster’s impact on, 161–162
and financial performance, relationship between, 141–142
information through GRI, disclosing, 69–101
Corporate Sustainability Index, 107, 112, 135
Cost–benefit analysis, 71, 138
Critical Perspectives on Accounting
, 2
Critical theory approach, 25, 27, 28, 38–68
CSR information through GRI, disclosing, 69–101
audit of sustainability reports, 91, 93–95
cost of, 74–75
GRI application level in CSR reports, adoption of, 88–89, 98–99
GRI reports and economic development, 77, 80, 81
institutional environments, 74
integrated reports, issuing, 90, 92
larger firms versus nonbusiness organizations, 75–76
methodology, 76–77
organizational characteristics, 77–83, 90, 92–99
organizations adopting, types of, 80, 82, 95–98
quality of reporting, 83, 85–90, 92–99
sample, 76
size of organization, 83, 84
status of companies, 75, 80, 83
sustainability reports, models of, 86–87, 92–93, 95–97
type of reports, 90, 92, 95–98
Dialogic approaches, 34
Disclosure, 23, 25, 27–29, 31–33
corporate social responsibility, 71–72
Discourse theory, 9, 19–21, 23, 34n1
Domini 400 Social Index, 107, 112, 135
Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI), 112, 135
Economatica®, 117, 143
Economic development, 16
Economic growth, 14
Elsevier, 3
Emancipation, 18, 34
Emancipatory politics, 34
Emerging economies, and logic of development, 21–22
Engle–Granger test, 118, 123, 124, 146, 152
Enron, 2–3
Environmental accounting, 4
Environmental disaster’s, impact on socio-environmental disclosure and companies investments, 10–11, 159–178, 181–188
Braskem petrochemical company disaster, 168
corporate social responsibility, 161–162
Exxon Valdez oil spill, Alaska, 163
legitimacy theory, 161–162
Mineração Rio Pomba Cataguases Ltda. disaster, 167
Petrobras disaster, 34n4, 166–167
Samarco pipeline disaster, 167–168
Union Carbide leakage, Bhopal, 163
Environmental disclosures, 3
Environmental performance, 4
Environmental protection, 16
Environmental Protection Authorities (EPA), 162
European Union (EU), 2, 4, 5
Exxon Valdez oil spill, Alaska, 163
Financial performance
and corporate social responsibility, relationship between, 141–142
of stocks of companies participating in ICO2, 105–128
France
CSR disclosure, 72
FTSE4Good, 112, 135
Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), 3, 10, 31, 72–73
CSR information through GRI, disclosing, 69–101
guidelines, 73
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, 2–4, 107, 112, 135, 141
Hegemony, 14, 16, 18, 22, 23, 25, 28–33
defined, 19
politics of, 19–21
IBASE, 31
ICO2, 10, 107, 108, 112–113, 116–128, 135–137, 141, 143, 144, 146–154
as indicator of companies’ financial performance, 113–114
India, 22
adherence to GRI, 72
Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE), 107, 112, 113, 135–137, 139, 141–143, 147, 151, 153, 154
Institutional theory, 72, 74
Instituto Brasileiro de Governança Corporativa (IBGC, Brazilian Institute of Corporate Governance), 112, 140
Instituto de Fiscalização e Controle (IFC, Institute of Oversight and Control), 112, 140
Instituto Ethos (Ethos Institute), 31, 112, 137, 140
Intergenerational justice, 111, 138
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 5
International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC), 24
Intra-generational justice, 111, 138
Jarque–Bera test, 118, 120, 121, 147, 148
Jensen’s alpha. See Jensen Ratio (JR)
Jensen Ratio (JR), 116, 118, 123, 126–128
Johannesburg Socially Responsible Index (SRI), 112
Justice, 72
intra-generational, 111, 138
intergenerational, 111, 138
social, 20
Kruskal–Wallis (KW) test, 118, 121
Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin (KPSS) test, 118, 122, 123, 146, 151, 152
Kyoto Protocol, 2, 4, 6n1
Latin America, 136
Legitimacy theory, 2, 29, 30, 72, 74, 161–162
Levene test, 118, 121
Liquidez em Bolsa
, 117
Logic of development, emerging economies and, 21–22
Loyalty, 72
Mann–Whitney test, 145–146, 149
Market
carbon, 24
index, 139, 148
Marxist critique of capitalism, 25
Materialism, 34
Materialist dimensions of accounting, 29
Mineração Rio Pomba Cataguases Ltda. disaster, 167
Ministério do Meio Ambiente (Ministry of Environment), 112, 140
Mystification, 25, 27
National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES), 141
Negotiability indexes, 139–141
New York Stock Exchange, 112, 135
Obama, Barack, 6n1
Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), 77, 80, 90, 92–93, 100
Organizations, disclosing CSR information through GRI
characteristics of, 77–83, 90, 92–99
nonbusiness, 75–76
size of, 83, 84
types of, 80, 82, 95–98
Other(ness), 20
Petrobras disaster, 34n4, 166–167
Phillips–Perron (PP) test, 118, 122, 123, 146, 151, 152
Portugal
CSR disclosure, 72
Post-structuralism, 14, 17, 18, 23, 25, 34n1
Renewable energy, 3
Reputation, 74
Responsibility, 15
Samarco pipeline disaster, 167–168
São Paulo Stock Exchange (BM&FBovespa), 10
Sarbanes–Oxley Act, 3
Scielo, 23
Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library (SPELL), 34n2
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 4
Security Market Line (SML), 115
Shareholder Theory, 108–111, 138
Sharpe Ratio (ShR), 115, 118, 125–127
Sistema Especial de Liquidação e Custodia (SELIC), 117
Social action, 74, 80, 100
Social and environmental accounting (SEA), 9, 14–15, 17–21, 23–34, 34–35n2
as measurement, 28
mechanisms of, 28
disclosure, 23, 25, 27–29, 31–33
Social balance, 34n3
Social development, 16
Social justice, 20
Social participation, 14
Socio-environmental disclosure/investments, environmental disaster’s impact on, 159–178
Special Clearance and Escrow System, 117
Spell, 23
Stakeholder–accountability approach, 24–27, 38–68
Stakeholder Theory, 70–72, 106–107, 108–111, 138, 162
dimensions of, 109
Stock exchange markets, 75
Stocks
of companies participating in ICO2, financial performance of, 105–128
return, 136, 141–144, 153, 154
Sustainability, 3–4, 5, 14–25, 27–34, 70
business, 111–113
indices, 105–128, 139–141
“re-articulation” or “redescription” of, 17–18
reports, audit of, 91, 93–95
reports, models of, 86–87, 92–93, 95–97
as social construct, 17
Sustainable development, 14–18, 25, 26, 31, 106, 111
defined, 15
Tautology, 27
Technological innovation, 24
Theory of social accounting, 4
Treynor Ratio (TR), 115, 118, 123, 125–128
Triple Bottom Line (TBL) concept, 111–113, 139, 153
Tyco International, 2
Union Carbide leakage, Bhopal, 163
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 72
United States, 2, 3, 5, 6n1, 22, 135
adherence to GRI, 72
GHG emissions, 4
Volume Médio
, 117
Voluntary disclosure theory, 2
Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, 118, 121, 122
Wilcoxon test, 145, 149
WorldCom, 2
Campello, Tereza
, 16
Cap-and-trade system
, 3
Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)
, 115
Capitalism
, 27
Marxist critique of
, 25
Capitalist system
, 28, 32
Capital Market Line (CML)
, 115, 116
Capital-orientated actions
, 30, 31
Carbon credits
, 16
Carbon Efficient Index (Índice de Carbono Eficiente)
, 10, 135
financial performance of stocks of companies participating in
, 105–128
Carbon market
, 24
China
, 22
adherence to GRI
, 72
Chinese social accounting
, 4
Climate change
, 5
Clinton, Bill
, 6n1
Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies (CERES)
, 72
Consulting studies
, 30–31, 33
Content analysis
, 27, 165
Contestability
, 34
Convenient fictions
, 28–29
Corporate disclosure
, 23, 25, 27–29, 31–33
Corporate governance
, 4
Corporate Governance Stock Index (IGC)
, 142
Corporate growth
, 16
Corporate reputation
, 4
Corporate responsibility
, 14
Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
, 10, 14, 20, 21, 23, 25–27, 31, 71–72, 106, 108–111, 137–139, 154
and company performance, relationship between
, 134
disclosure
, 73–101
environmental disaster’s impact on
, 161–162
and financial performance, relationship between
, 141–142
information through GRI, disclosing
, 69–101
Corporate Sustainability Index
, 107, 112, 135
Cost–benefit analysis
, 71, 138
Critical Perspectives on Accounting
, 2
Critical theory approach
, 25, 27, 28, 38–68
CSR information through GRI, disclosing
, 69–101
audit of sustainability reports
, 91, 93–95
cost of
, 74–75
GRI application level in CSR reports, adoption of
, 88–89, 98–99
GRI reports and economic development
, 77, 80, 81
institutional environments
, 74
integrated reports, issuing
, 90, 92
larger firms versus nonbusiness organizations
, 75–76
methodology
, 76–77
organizational characteristics
, 77–83, 90, 92–99
organizations adopting, types of
, 80, 82, 95–98
quality of reporting
, 83, 85–90, 92–99
sample
, 76
size of organization
, 83, 84
status of companies
, 75, 80, 83
sustainability reports, models of
, 86–87, 92–93, 95–97
type of reports
, 90, 92, 95–98
Dialogic approaches
, 34
Disclosure
, 23, 25, 27–29, 31–33
corporate social responsibility
, 71–72
Discourse theory
, 9, 19–21, 23, 34n1
Domini 400 Social Index
, 107, 112, 135
Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI)
, 112, 135
Economatica®, 117, 143
Economic development, 16
Economic growth, 14
Elsevier, 3
Emancipation, 18, 34
Emancipatory politics, 34
Emerging economies, and logic of development, 21–22
Engle–Granger test, 118, 123, 124, 146, 152
Enron, 2–3
Environmental accounting, 4
Environmental disaster’s, impact on socio-environmental disclosure and companies investments, 10–11, 159–178, 181–188
Braskem petrochemical company disaster, 168
corporate social responsibility, 161–162
Exxon Valdez oil spill, Alaska, 163
legitimacy theory, 161–162
Mineração Rio Pomba Cataguases Ltda. disaster, 167
Petrobras disaster, 34n4, 166–167
Samarco pipeline disaster, 167–168
Union Carbide leakage, Bhopal, 163
Environmental disclosures, 3
Environmental performance, 4
Environmental protection, 16
Environmental Protection Authorities (EPA), 162
European Union (EU), 2, 4, 5
Exxon Valdez oil spill, Alaska, 163
Financial performance
and corporate social responsibility, relationship between, 141–142
of stocks of companies participating in ICO2, 105–128
France
CSR disclosure, 72
FTSE4Good, 112, 135
Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), 3, 10, 31, 72–73
CSR information through GRI, disclosing, 69–101
guidelines, 73
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, 2–4, 107, 112, 135, 141
Hegemony, 14, 16, 18, 22, 23, 25, 28–33
defined, 19
politics of, 19–21
IBASE, 31
ICO2, 10, 107, 108, 112–113, 116–128, 135–137, 141, 143, 144, 146–154
as indicator of companies’ financial performance, 113–114
India, 22
adherence to GRI, 72
Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE), 107, 112, 113, 135–137, 139, 141–143, 147, 151, 153, 154
Institutional theory, 72, 74
Instituto Brasileiro de Governança Corporativa (IBGC, Brazilian Institute of Corporate Governance), 112, 140
Instituto de Fiscalização e Controle (IFC, Institute of Oversight and Control), 112, 140
Instituto Ethos (Ethos Institute), 31, 112, 137, 140
Intergenerational justice, 111, 138
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 5
International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC), 24
Intra-generational justice, 111, 138
Jarque–Bera test, 118, 120, 121, 147, 148
Jensen’s alpha. See Jensen Ratio (JR)
Jensen Ratio (JR), 116, 118, 123, 126–128
Johannesburg Socially Responsible Index (SRI), 112
Justice, 72
intra-generational, 111, 138
intergenerational, 111, 138
social, 20
Kruskal–Wallis (KW) test, 118, 121
Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin (KPSS) test, 118, 122, 123, 146, 151, 152
Kyoto Protocol, 2, 4, 6n1
Latin America, 136
Legitimacy theory, 2, 29, 30, 72, 74, 161–162
Levene test, 118, 121
Liquidez em Bolsa
, 117
Logic of development, emerging economies and, 21–22
Loyalty, 72
Mann–Whitney test, 145–146, 149
Market
carbon, 24
index, 139, 148
Marxist critique of capitalism, 25
Materialism, 34
Materialist dimensions of accounting, 29
Mineração Rio Pomba Cataguases Ltda. disaster, 167
Ministério do Meio Ambiente (Ministry of Environment), 112, 140
Mystification, 25, 27
National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES), 141
Negotiability indexes, 139–141
New York Stock Exchange, 112, 135
Obama, Barack, 6n1
Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), 77, 80, 90, 92–93, 100
Organizations, disclosing CSR information through GRI
characteristics of, 77–83, 90, 92–99
nonbusiness, 75–76
size of, 83, 84
types of, 80, 82, 95–98
Other(ness), 20
Petrobras disaster, 34n4, 166–167
Phillips–Perron (PP) test, 118, 122, 123, 146, 151, 152
Portugal
CSR disclosure, 72
Post-structuralism, 14, 17, 18, 23, 25, 34n1
Renewable energy, 3
Reputation, 74
Responsibility, 15
Samarco pipeline disaster, 167–168
São Paulo Stock Exchange (BM&FBovespa), 10
Sarbanes–Oxley Act, 3
Scielo, 23
Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library (SPELL), 34n2
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 4
Security Market Line (SML), 115
Shareholder Theory, 108–111, 138
Sharpe Ratio (ShR), 115, 118, 125–127
Sistema Especial de Liquidação e Custodia (SELIC), 117
Social action, 74, 80, 100
Social and environmental accounting (SEA), 9, 14–15, 17–21, 23–34, 34–35n2
as measurement, 28
mechanisms of, 28
disclosure, 23, 25, 27–29, 31–33
Social balance, 34n3
Social development, 16
Social justice, 20
Social participation, 14
Socio-environmental disclosure/investments, environmental disaster’s impact on, 159–178
Special Clearance and Escrow System, 117
Spell, 23
Stakeholder–accountability approach, 24–27, 38–68
Stakeholder Theory, 70–72, 106–107, 108–111, 138, 162
dimensions of, 109
Stock exchange markets, 75
Stocks
of companies participating in ICO2, financial performance of, 105–128
return, 136, 141–144, 153, 154
Sustainability, 3–4, 5, 14–25, 27–34, 70
business, 111–113
indices, 105–128, 139–141
“re-articulation” or “redescription” of, 17–18
reports, audit of, 91, 93–95
reports, models of, 86–87, 92–93, 95–97
as social construct, 17
Sustainable development, 14–18, 25, 26, 31, 106, 111
defined, 15
Tautology, 27
Technological innovation, 24
Theory of social accounting, 4
Treynor Ratio (TR), 115, 118, 123, 125–128
Triple Bottom Line (TBL) concept, 111–113, 139, 153
Tyco International, 2
Union Carbide leakage, Bhopal, 163
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 72
United States, 2, 3, 5, 6n1, 22, 135
adherence to GRI, 72
GHG emissions, 4
Volume Médio
, 117
Voluntary disclosure theory, 2
Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, 118, 121, 122
Wilcoxon test, 145, 149
WorldCom, 2
Economatica®
, 117, 143
Economic development
, 16
Economic growth
, 14
Elsevier
, 3
Emancipation
, 18, 34
Emancipatory politics
, 34
Emerging economies, and logic of development
, 21–22
Engle–Granger test
, 118, 123, 124, 146, 152
Enron
, 2–3
Environmental accounting
, 4
Environmental disaster’s, impact on socio-environmental disclosure and companies investments
, 10–11, 159–178, 181–188
Braskem petrochemical company disaster
, 168
corporate social responsibility
, 161–162
Exxon Valdez oil spill, Alaska
, 163
legitimacy theory
, 161–162
Mineração Rio Pomba Cataguases Ltda. disaster
, 167
Petrobras disaster
, 34n4, 166–167
Samarco pipeline disaster
, 167–168
Union Carbide leakage, Bhopal
, 163
Environmental disclosures
, 3
Environmental performance
, 4
Environmental protection
, 16
Environmental Protection Authorities (EPA)
, 162
European Union (EU)
, 2, 4, 5
Exxon Valdez oil spill, Alaska
, 163
Financial performance
and corporate social responsibility, relationship between
, 141–142
of stocks of companies participating in ICO2
, 105–128
France
CSR disclosure
, 72
FTSE4Good
, 112, 135
Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), 3, 10, 31, 72–73
CSR information through GRI, disclosing, 69–101
guidelines, 73
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, 2–4, 107, 112, 135, 141
Hegemony, 14, 16, 18, 22, 23, 25, 28–33
defined, 19
politics of, 19–21
IBASE, 31
ICO2, 10, 107, 108, 112–113, 116–128, 135–137, 141, 143, 144, 146–154
as indicator of companies’ financial performance, 113–114
India, 22
adherence to GRI, 72
Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE), 107, 112, 113, 135–137, 139, 141–143, 147, 151, 153, 154
Institutional theory, 72, 74
Instituto Brasileiro de Governança Corporativa (IBGC, Brazilian Institute of Corporate Governance), 112, 140
Instituto de Fiscalização e Controle (IFC, Institute of Oversight and Control), 112, 140
Instituto Ethos (Ethos Institute), 31, 112, 137, 140
Intergenerational justice, 111, 138
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 5
International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC), 24
Intra-generational justice, 111, 138
Jarque–Bera test, 118, 120, 121, 147, 148
Jensen’s alpha. See Jensen Ratio (JR)
Jensen Ratio (JR), 116, 118, 123, 126–128
Johannesburg Socially Responsible Index (SRI), 112
Justice, 72
intra-generational, 111, 138
intergenerational, 111, 138
social, 20
Kruskal–Wallis (KW) test, 118, 121
Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin (KPSS) test, 118, 122, 123, 146, 151, 152
Kyoto Protocol, 2, 4, 6n1
Latin America, 136
Legitimacy theory, 2, 29, 30, 72, 74, 161–162
Levene test, 118, 121
Liquidez em Bolsa
, 117
Logic of development, emerging economies and, 21–22
Loyalty, 72
Mann–Whitney test, 145–146, 149
Market
carbon, 24
index, 139, 148
Marxist critique of capitalism, 25
Materialism, 34
Materialist dimensions of accounting, 29
Mineração Rio Pomba Cataguases Ltda. disaster, 167
Ministério do Meio Ambiente (Ministry of Environment), 112, 140
Mystification, 25, 27
National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES), 141
Negotiability indexes, 139–141
New York Stock Exchange, 112, 135
Obama, Barack, 6n1
Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), 77, 80, 90, 92–93, 100
Organizations, disclosing CSR information through GRI
characteristics of, 77–83, 90, 92–99
nonbusiness, 75–76
size of, 83, 84
types of, 80, 82, 95–98
Other(ness), 20
Petrobras disaster, 34n4, 166–167
Phillips–Perron (PP) test, 118, 122, 123, 146, 151, 152
Portugal
CSR disclosure, 72
Post-structuralism, 14, 17, 18, 23, 25, 34n1
Renewable energy, 3
Reputation, 74
Responsibility, 15
Samarco pipeline disaster, 167–168
São Paulo Stock Exchange (BM&FBovespa), 10
Sarbanes–Oxley Act, 3
Scielo, 23
Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library (SPELL), 34n2
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 4
Security Market Line (SML), 115
Shareholder Theory, 108–111, 138
Sharpe Ratio (ShR), 115, 118, 125–127
Sistema Especial de Liquidação e Custodia (SELIC), 117
Social action, 74, 80, 100
Social and environmental accounting (SEA), 9, 14–15, 17–21, 23–34, 34–35n2
as measurement, 28
mechanisms of, 28
disclosure, 23, 25, 27–29, 31–33
Social balance, 34n3
Social development, 16
Social justice, 20
Social participation, 14
Socio-environmental disclosure/investments, environmental disaster’s impact on, 159–178
Special Clearance and Escrow System, 117
Spell, 23
Stakeholder–accountability approach, 24–27, 38–68
Stakeholder Theory, 70–72, 106–107, 108–111, 138, 162
dimensions of, 109
Stock exchange markets, 75
Stocks
of companies participating in ICO2, financial performance of, 105–128
return, 136, 141–144, 153, 154
Sustainability, 3–4, 5, 14–25, 27–34, 70
business, 111–113
indices, 105–128, 139–141
“re-articulation” or “redescription” of, 17–18
reports, audit of, 91, 93–95
reports, models of, 86–87, 92–93, 95–97
as social construct, 17
Sustainable development, 14–18, 25, 26, 31, 106, 111
defined, 15
Tautology, 27
Technological innovation, 24
Theory of social accounting, 4
Treynor Ratio (TR), 115, 118, 123, 125–128
Triple Bottom Line (TBL) concept, 111–113, 139, 153
Tyco International, 2
Union Carbide leakage, Bhopal, 163
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 72
United States, 2, 3, 5, 6n1, 22, 135
adherence to GRI, 72
GHG emissions, 4
Volume Médio
, 117
Voluntary disclosure theory, 2
Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, 118, 121, 122
Wilcoxon test, 145, 149
WorldCom, 2
Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)
, 3, 10, 31, 72–73
CSR information through GRI, disclosing
, 69–101
guidelines
, 73
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
, 2–4, 107, 112, 135, 141
Hegemony
, 14, 16, 18, 22, 23, 25, 28–33
defined
, 19
politics of
, 19–21
IBASE, 31
ICO2, 10, 107, 108, 112–113, 116–128, 135–137, 141, 143, 144, 146–154
as indicator of companies’ financial performance, 113–114
India, 22
adherence to GRI, 72
Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE), 107, 112, 113, 135–137, 139, 141–143, 147, 151, 153, 154
Institutional theory, 72, 74
Instituto Brasileiro de Governança Corporativa (IBGC, Brazilian Institute of Corporate Governance), 112, 140
Instituto de Fiscalização e Controle (IFC, Institute of Oversight and Control), 112, 140
Instituto Ethos (Ethos Institute), 31, 112, 137, 140
Intergenerational justice, 111, 138
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 5
International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC), 24
Intra-generational justice, 111, 138
Jarque–Bera test, 118, 120, 121, 147, 148
Jensen’s alpha. See Jensen Ratio (JR)
Jensen Ratio (JR), 116, 118, 123, 126–128
Johannesburg Socially Responsible Index (SRI), 112
Justice, 72
intra-generational, 111, 138
intergenerational, 111, 138
social, 20
Kruskal–Wallis (KW) test, 118, 121
Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin (KPSS) test, 118, 122, 123, 146, 151, 152
Kyoto Protocol, 2, 4, 6n1
Latin America, 136
Legitimacy theory, 2, 29, 30, 72, 74, 161–162
Levene test, 118, 121
Liquidez em Bolsa
, 117
Logic of development, emerging economies and, 21–22
Loyalty, 72
Mann–Whitney test, 145–146, 149
Market
carbon, 24
index, 139, 148
Marxist critique of capitalism, 25
Materialism, 34
Materialist dimensions of accounting, 29
Mineração Rio Pomba Cataguases Ltda. disaster, 167
Ministério do Meio Ambiente (Ministry of Environment), 112, 140
Mystification, 25, 27
National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES), 141
Negotiability indexes, 139–141
New York Stock Exchange, 112, 135
Obama, Barack, 6n1
Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), 77, 80, 90, 92–93, 100
Organizations, disclosing CSR information through GRI
characteristics of, 77–83, 90, 92–99
nonbusiness, 75–76
size of, 83, 84
types of, 80, 82, 95–98
Other(ness), 20
Petrobras disaster, 34n4, 166–167
Phillips–Perron (PP) test, 118, 122, 123, 146, 151, 152
Portugal
CSR disclosure, 72
Post-structuralism, 14, 17, 18, 23, 25, 34n1
Renewable energy, 3
Reputation, 74
Responsibility, 15
Samarco pipeline disaster, 167–168
São Paulo Stock Exchange (BM&FBovespa), 10
Sarbanes–Oxley Act, 3
Scielo, 23
Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library (SPELL), 34n2
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 4
Security Market Line (SML), 115
Shareholder Theory, 108–111, 138
Sharpe Ratio (ShR), 115, 118, 125–127
Sistema Especial de Liquidação e Custodia (SELIC), 117
Social action, 74, 80, 100
Social and environmental accounting (SEA), 9, 14–15, 17–21, 23–34, 34–35n2
as measurement, 28
mechanisms of, 28
disclosure, 23, 25, 27–29, 31–33
Social balance, 34n3
Social development, 16
Social justice, 20
Social participation, 14
Socio-environmental disclosure/investments, environmental disaster’s impact on, 159–178
Special Clearance and Escrow System, 117
Spell, 23
Stakeholder–accountability approach, 24–27, 38–68
Stakeholder Theory, 70–72, 106–107, 108–111, 138, 162
dimensions of, 109
Stock exchange markets, 75
Stocks
of companies participating in ICO2, financial performance of, 105–128
return, 136, 141–144, 153, 154
Sustainability, 3–4, 5, 14–25, 27–34, 70
business, 111–113
indices, 105–128, 139–141
“re-articulation” or “redescription” of, 17–18
reports, audit of, 91, 93–95
reports, models of, 86–87, 92–93, 95–97
as social construct, 17
Sustainable development, 14–18, 25, 26, 31, 106, 111
defined, 15
Tautology, 27
Technological innovation, 24
Theory of social accounting, 4
Treynor Ratio (TR), 115, 118, 123, 125–128
Triple Bottom Line (TBL) concept, 111–113, 139, 153
Tyco International, 2
Union Carbide leakage, Bhopal, 163
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 72
United States, 2, 3, 5, 6n1, 22, 135
adherence to GRI, 72
GHG emissions, 4
Volume Médio
, 117
Voluntary disclosure theory, 2
Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, 118, 121, 122
Wilcoxon test, 145, 149
WorldCom, 2
IBASE
, 31
ICO2
, 10, 107, 108, 112–113, 116–128, 135–137, 141, 143, 144, 146–154
as indicator of companies’ financial performance
, 113–114
India
, 22
adherence to GRI
, 72
Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE)
, 107, 112, 113, 135–137, 139, 141–143, 147, 151, 153, 154
Institutional theory
, 72, 74
Instituto Brasileiro de Governança Corporativa (IBGC, Brazilian Institute of Corporate Governance)
, 112, 140
Instituto de Fiscalização e Controle (IFC, Institute of Oversight and Control)
, 112, 140
Instituto Ethos (Ethos Institute)
, 31, 112, 137, 140
Intergenerational justice
, 111, 138
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
, 5
International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC)
, 24
Intra-generational justice
, 111, 138
Jarque–Bera test
, 118, 120, 121, 147, 148
Jensen’s alpha. See Jensen Ratio (JR)
Jensen Ratio (JR)
, 116, 118, 123, 126–128
Johannesburg Socially Responsible Index (SRI)
, 112
Justice
, 72
intra-generational
, 111, 138
intergenerational
, 111, 138
social
, 20
Kruskal–Wallis (KW) test, 118, 121
Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin (KPSS) test, 118, 122, 123, 146, 151, 152
Kyoto Protocol, 2, 4, 6n1
Latin America, 136
Legitimacy theory, 2, 29, 30, 72, 74, 161–162
Levene test, 118, 121
Liquidez em Bolsa
, 117
Logic of development, emerging economies and, 21–22
Loyalty, 72
Mann–Whitney test, 145–146, 149
Market
carbon, 24
index, 139, 148
Marxist critique of capitalism, 25
Materialism, 34
Materialist dimensions of accounting, 29
Mineração Rio Pomba Cataguases Ltda. disaster, 167
Ministério do Meio Ambiente (Ministry of Environment), 112, 140
Mystification, 25, 27
National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES), 141
Negotiability indexes, 139–141
New York Stock Exchange, 112, 135
Obama, Barack, 6n1
Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), 77, 80, 90, 92–93, 100
Organizations, disclosing CSR information through GRI
characteristics of, 77–83, 90, 92–99
nonbusiness, 75–76
size of, 83, 84
types of, 80, 82, 95–98
Other(ness), 20
Petrobras disaster, 34n4, 166–167
Phillips–Perron (PP) test, 118, 122, 123, 146, 151, 152
Portugal
CSR disclosure, 72
Post-structuralism, 14, 17, 18, 23, 25, 34n1
Renewable energy, 3
Reputation, 74
Responsibility, 15
Samarco pipeline disaster, 167–168
São Paulo Stock Exchange (BM&FBovespa), 10
Sarbanes–Oxley Act, 3
Scielo, 23
Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library (SPELL), 34n2
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 4
Security Market Line (SML), 115
Shareholder Theory, 108–111, 138
Sharpe Ratio (ShR), 115, 118, 125–127
Sistema Especial de Liquidação e Custodia (SELIC), 117
Social action, 74, 80, 100
Social and environmental accounting (SEA), 9, 14–15, 17–21, 23–34, 34–35n2
as measurement, 28
mechanisms of, 28
disclosure, 23, 25, 27–29, 31–33
Social balance, 34n3
Social development, 16
Social justice, 20
Social participation, 14
Socio-environmental disclosure/investments, environmental disaster’s impact on, 159–178
Special Clearance and Escrow System, 117
Spell, 23
Stakeholder–accountability approach, 24–27, 38–68
Stakeholder Theory, 70–72, 106–107, 108–111, 138, 162
dimensions of, 109
Stock exchange markets, 75
Stocks
of companies participating in ICO2, financial performance of, 105–128
return, 136, 141–144, 153, 154
Sustainability, 3–4, 5, 14–25, 27–34, 70
business, 111–113
indices, 105–128, 139–141
“re-articulation” or “redescription” of, 17–18
reports, audit of, 91, 93–95
reports, models of, 86–87, 92–93, 95–97
as social construct, 17
Sustainable development, 14–18, 25, 26, 31, 106, 111
defined, 15
Tautology, 27
Technological innovation, 24
Theory of social accounting, 4
Treynor Ratio (TR), 115, 118, 123, 125–128
Triple Bottom Line (TBL) concept, 111–113, 139, 153
Tyco International, 2
Union Carbide leakage, Bhopal, 163
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 72
United States, 2, 3, 5, 6n1, 22, 135
adherence to GRI, 72
GHG emissions, 4
Volume Médio
, 117
Voluntary disclosure theory, 2
Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, 118, 121, 122
Wilcoxon test, 145, 149
WorldCom, 2
Kruskal–Wallis (KW) test
, 118, 121
Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin (KPSS) test
, 118, 122, 123, 146, 151, 152
Kyoto Protocol
, 2, 4, 6n1
Latin America
, 136
Legitimacy theory
, 2, 29, 30, 72, 74, 161–162
Levene test
, 118, 121
Liquidez em Bolsa
, 117
Logic of development, emerging economies and
, 21–22
Loyalty
, 72
Mann–Whitney test, 145–146, 149
Market
carbon, 24
index, 139, 148
Marxist critique of capitalism, 25
Materialism, 34
Materialist dimensions of accounting, 29
Mineração Rio Pomba Cataguases Ltda. disaster, 167
Ministério do Meio Ambiente (Ministry of Environment), 112, 140
Mystification, 25, 27
National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES), 141
Negotiability indexes, 139–141
New York Stock Exchange, 112, 135
Obama, Barack, 6n1
Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), 77, 80, 90, 92–93, 100
Organizations, disclosing CSR information through GRI
characteristics of, 77–83, 90, 92–99
nonbusiness, 75–76
size of, 83, 84
types of, 80, 82, 95–98
Other(ness), 20
Petrobras disaster, 34n4, 166–167
Phillips–Perron (PP) test, 118, 122, 123, 146, 151, 152
Portugal
CSR disclosure, 72
Post-structuralism, 14, 17, 18, 23, 25, 34n1
Renewable energy, 3
Reputation, 74
Responsibility, 15
Samarco pipeline disaster, 167–168
São Paulo Stock Exchange (BM&FBovespa), 10
Sarbanes–Oxley Act, 3
Scielo, 23
Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library (SPELL), 34n2
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 4
Security Market Line (SML), 115
Shareholder Theory, 108–111, 138
Sharpe Ratio (ShR), 115, 118, 125–127
Sistema Especial de Liquidação e Custodia (SELIC), 117
Social action, 74, 80, 100
Social and environmental accounting (SEA), 9, 14–15, 17–21, 23–34, 34–35n2
as measurement, 28
mechanisms of, 28
disclosure, 23, 25, 27–29, 31–33
Social balance, 34n3
Social development, 16
Social justice, 20
Social participation, 14
Socio-environmental disclosure/investments, environmental disaster’s impact on, 159–178
Special Clearance and Escrow System, 117
Spell, 23
Stakeholder–accountability approach, 24–27, 38–68
Stakeholder Theory, 70–72, 106–107, 108–111, 138, 162
dimensions of, 109
Stock exchange markets, 75
Stocks
of companies participating in ICO2, financial performance of, 105–128
return, 136, 141–144, 153, 154
Sustainability, 3–4, 5, 14–25, 27–34, 70
business, 111–113
indices, 105–128, 139–141
“re-articulation” or “redescription” of, 17–18
reports, audit of, 91, 93–95
reports, models of, 86–87, 92–93, 95–97
as social construct, 17
Sustainable development, 14–18, 25, 26, 31, 106, 111
defined, 15
Tautology, 27
Technological innovation, 24
Theory of social accounting, 4
Treynor Ratio (TR), 115, 118, 123, 125–128
Triple Bottom Line (TBL) concept, 111–113, 139, 153
Tyco International, 2
Union Carbide leakage, Bhopal, 163
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 72
United States, 2, 3, 5, 6n1, 22, 135
adherence to GRI, 72
GHG emissions, 4
Volume Médio
, 117
Voluntary disclosure theory, 2
Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, 118, 121, 122
Wilcoxon test, 145, 149
WorldCom, 2
Mann–Whitney test
, 145–146, 149
Market
carbon
, 24
index
, 139, 148
Marxist critique of capitalism
, 25
Materialism
, 34
Materialist dimensions of accounting
, 29
Mineração Rio Pomba Cataguases Ltda. disaster
, 167
Ministério do Meio Ambiente (Ministry of Environment)
, 112, 140
Mystification
, 25, 27
National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES)
, 141
Negotiability indexes
, 139–141
New York Stock Exchange
, 112, 135
Obama, Barack, 6n1
Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), 77, 80, 90, 92–93, 100
Organizations, disclosing CSR information through GRI
characteristics of, 77–83, 90, 92–99
nonbusiness, 75–76
size of, 83, 84
types of, 80, 82, 95–98
Other(ness), 20
Petrobras disaster, 34n4, 166–167
Phillips–Perron (PP) test, 118, 122, 123, 146, 151, 152
Portugal
CSR disclosure, 72
Post-structuralism, 14, 17, 18, 23, 25, 34n1
Renewable energy, 3
Reputation, 74
Responsibility, 15
Samarco pipeline disaster, 167–168
São Paulo Stock Exchange (BM&FBovespa), 10
Sarbanes–Oxley Act, 3
Scielo, 23
Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library (SPELL), 34n2
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 4
Security Market Line (SML), 115
Shareholder Theory, 108–111, 138
Sharpe Ratio (ShR), 115, 118, 125–127
Sistema Especial de Liquidação e Custodia (SELIC), 117
Social action, 74, 80, 100
Social and environmental accounting (SEA), 9, 14–15, 17–21, 23–34, 34–35n2
as measurement, 28
mechanisms of, 28
disclosure, 23, 25, 27–29, 31–33
Social balance, 34n3
Social development, 16
Social justice, 20
Social participation, 14
Socio-environmental disclosure/investments, environmental disaster’s impact on, 159–178
Special Clearance and Escrow System, 117
Spell, 23
Stakeholder–accountability approach, 24–27, 38–68
Stakeholder Theory, 70–72, 106–107, 108–111, 138, 162
dimensions of, 109
Stock exchange markets, 75
Stocks
of companies participating in ICO2, financial performance of, 105–128
return, 136, 141–144, 153, 154
Sustainability, 3–4, 5, 14–25, 27–34, 70
business, 111–113
indices, 105–128, 139–141
“re-articulation” or “redescription” of, 17–18
reports, audit of, 91, 93–95
reports, models of, 86–87, 92–93, 95–97
as social construct, 17
Sustainable development, 14–18, 25, 26, 31, 106, 111
defined, 15
Tautology, 27
Technological innovation, 24
Theory of social accounting, 4
Treynor Ratio (TR), 115, 118, 123, 125–128
Triple Bottom Line (TBL) concept, 111–113, 139, 153
Tyco International, 2
Union Carbide leakage, Bhopal, 163
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 72
United States, 2, 3, 5, 6n1, 22, 135
adherence to GRI, 72
GHG emissions, 4
Volume Médio
, 117
Voluntary disclosure theory, 2
Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, 118, 121, 122
Wilcoxon test, 145, 149
WorldCom, 2
Obama, Barack
, 6n1
Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD)
, 77, 80, 90, 92–93, 100
Organizations, disclosing CSR information through GRI
characteristics of
, 77–83, 90, 92–99
nonbusiness
, 75–76
size of
, 83, 84
types of
, 80, 82, 95–98
Other(ness)
, 20
Petrobras disaster
, 34n4, 166–167
Phillips–Perron (PP) test
, 118, 122, 123, 146, 151, 152
Portugal
CSR disclosure
, 72
Post-structuralism
, 14, 17, 18, 23, 25, 34n1
Renewable energy
, 3
Reputation
, 74
Responsibility
, 15
Samarco pipeline disaster, 167–168
São Paulo Stock Exchange (BM&FBovespa), 10
Sarbanes–Oxley Act, 3
Scielo, 23
Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library (SPELL), 34n2
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 4
Security Market Line (SML), 115
Shareholder Theory, 108–111, 138
Sharpe Ratio (ShR), 115, 118, 125–127
Sistema Especial de Liquidação e Custodia (SELIC), 117
Social action, 74, 80, 100
Social and environmental accounting (SEA), 9, 14–15, 17–21, 23–34, 34–35n2
as measurement, 28
mechanisms of, 28
disclosure, 23, 25, 27–29, 31–33
Social balance, 34n3
Social development, 16
Social justice, 20
Social participation, 14
Socio-environmental disclosure/investments, environmental disaster’s impact on, 159–178
Special Clearance and Escrow System, 117
Spell, 23
Stakeholder–accountability approach, 24–27, 38–68
Stakeholder Theory, 70–72, 106–107, 108–111, 138, 162
dimensions of, 109
Stock exchange markets, 75
Stocks
of companies participating in ICO2, financial performance of, 105–128
return, 136, 141–144, 153, 154
Sustainability, 3–4, 5, 14–25, 27–34, 70
business, 111–113
indices, 105–128, 139–141
“re-articulation” or “redescription” of, 17–18
reports, audit of, 91, 93–95
reports, models of, 86–87, 92–93, 95–97
as social construct, 17
Sustainable development, 14–18, 25, 26, 31, 106, 111
defined, 15
Tautology, 27
Technological innovation, 24
Theory of social accounting, 4
Treynor Ratio (TR), 115, 118, 123, 125–128
Triple Bottom Line (TBL) concept, 111–113, 139, 153
Tyco International, 2
Union Carbide leakage, Bhopal, 163
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 72
United States, 2, 3, 5, 6n1, 22, 135
adherence to GRI, 72
GHG emissions, 4
Volume Médio
, 117
Voluntary disclosure theory, 2
Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, 118, 121, 122
Wilcoxon test, 145, 149
WorldCom, 2
Samarco pipeline disaster
, 167–168
São Paulo Stock Exchange (BM&FBovespa)
, 10
Sarbanes–Oxley Act
, 3
Scielo
, 23
Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library (SPELL)
, 34n2
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
, 4
Security Market Line (SML)
, 115
Shareholder Theory
, 108–111, 138
Sharpe Ratio (ShR)
, 115, 118, 125–127
Sistema Especial de Liquidação e Custodia (SELIC)
, 117
Social action
, 74, 80, 100
Social and environmental accounting (SEA)
, 9, 14–15, 17–21, 23–34, 34–35n2
as measurement
, 28
mechanisms of
, 28
disclosure
, 23, 25, 27–29, 31–33
Social balance
, 34n3
Social development
, 16
Social justice
, 20
Social participation
, 14
Socio-environmental disclosure/investments, environmental disaster’s impact on
, 159–178
Special Clearance and Escrow System
, 117
Spell
, 23
Stakeholder–accountability approach
, 24–27, 38–68
Stakeholder Theory
, 70–72, 106–107, 108–111, 138, 162
dimensions of
, 109
Stock exchange markets
, 75
Stocks
of companies participating in ICO2, financial performance of
, 105–128
return
, 136, 141–144, 153, 154
Sustainability
, 3–4, 5, 14–25, 27–34, 70
business
, 111–113
indices
, 105–128, 139–141
“re-articulation” or “redescription” of
, 17–18
reports, audit of
, 91, 93–95
reports, models of
, 86–87, 92–93, 95–97
as social construct
, 17
Sustainable development
, 14–18, 25, 26, 31, 106, 111
defined
, 15
Tautology
, 27
Technological innovation
, 24
Theory of social accounting
, 4
Treynor Ratio (TR)
, 115, 118, 123, 125–128
Triple Bottom Line (TBL) concept
, 111–113, 139, 153
Tyco International
, 2
Union Carbide leakage, Bhopal, 163
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 72
United States, 2, 3, 5, 6n1, 22, 135
adherence to GRI, 72
GHG emissions, 4
Volume Médio
, 117
Voluntary disclosure theory, 2
Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, 118, 121, 122
Wilcoxon test, 145, 149
WorldCom, 2
Union Carbide leakage, Bhopal
, 163
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
, 72
United States
, 2, 3, 5, 6n1, 22, 135
adherence to GRI
, 72
GHG emissions
, 4
Volume Médio
, 117
Voluntary disclosure theory
, 2
Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, 118, 121, 122
Wilcoxon test, 145, 149
WorldCom, 2
Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test
, 118, 121, 122
Wilcoxon test
, 145, 149
WorldCom
, 2
- Prelims
- Reflections on Editing Advances in Environmental Accounting & Management
- Guest Editorial: Introduction to the Special Issue
- Hegemonies, Politics, and the Brazilian Academy in Social and Environmental Accounting: A Post-Structural Note
- An Analysis of the Adherence to GRI for Disclosing Information on Social Action and Sustainability Concerns
- Financial Performance of Stocks of Companies Participating in the Carbon Efficient Index (ICO2)
- Performance of Sustainability and Negotiability Indexes in the Brazilian Stock Market
- Do Environmental Disasters Impact on the Volume of Socio-Environmental Investment and Disclosure of Brazilian Companies?
- Index