Index
Sustainability, Stakeholder Governance, and Corporate Social Responsibility
ISBN: 978-1-78756-316-2, eISBN: 978-1-78756-315-5
ISSN: 0742-3322
Publication date: 10 August 2018
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2018), "Index", Sustainability, Stakeholder Governance, and Corporate Social Responsibility (Advances in Strategic Management, Vol. 38), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 389-396. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0742-332220180000038002
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2018 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Abatement spending
, 45, 53, 55, 60–64
Abductive method
, 298
Access World News database (NewsBank)
, 350
Acciona Energy
, 184
Accounting, rating, and reporting standards
, 290, 297
for Responsible Investment
, 293–294, 298
Acquisitions
, 148–149, 154, 283
Advertising intensity
, 40, 43, 54, 55, 57, 64
Agency theory
, 18, 21
Air quality
, 108
AlgaEnergy
, 182
Alstom
, 184
American Wind Energy Association (AWEA)
, 347, 349
Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM)
, 45
Anti-abortion movement
, 345
Atlas.ti software
, 266, 298
Aviation
, 260, 263, 267, 271
civil
, 260–261, 263–264
democratization of
, 271
ethos
, 276, 279
Axial coding
, 266
Bertrand model
, 323
Biotechnology drugs
, 342
Boolean logical operators
, 350
British Columbia government
, 138
Bundling
, 274–275, 280
Business-to-business firms (B-to-B firms)
, 235
Business-to-customer firms (B-to-C firms)
, 235
Buyers’ cooperatives
, 25
Canadian Boreal Forest Agreement (CBFA)
, 138–139
Capabilities mechanisms
, 229, 231, 242
firms
, 242–243, 245–248
stakeholders
, 243–245
Capital expenditures
, 57, 59–60
Capital-intensive production processes
, 57
Carbon markets
, 242
Casino gambling
, 23
Cenit Ocean Lider project
, 184
Cenit Vida project
, 182
Census of Manufactures (CM)
, 39
CERES
, 298, 299
Chevron
, 101, 106
China Stock Market Trading Database (CSMAR)
, 79
Chinese Communist Party
, 79
Chinese firms
, 78, 79
Chinese NOCs
, 102, 104
PetroChina and Sinopec
, 103
Civic associations
, 218
Civil aviation
, 260–261, 263–264
Civil society actors
, 237, 240
Clean Air Act
, 40, 56, 59, 64
Clean Air Act Amendments (1977)
, 54
Clean energy (CE)
, 146, 147
Cleveland Federation for Charity and Philanthropy
, 206
Climate change
, 126–129, 132–133, 135, 139, 147, 177, 180, 260, 263–264, 270, 278, 376
Coasean tradition
, 23
Cobb-Douglas production function
, 46
Cocreation process
, 129–130
Cognitively legitimate markets
, 342
Command-and-control regulation
, 135
Community Chest organizations
, 198, 207, 209
Community participation
, 206
Community philanthropy
, 6, 198
corporate contributions
, 200–204, 210, 213
See also Corporate philanthropy
Community social capital
, 202
Community stakeholders
, 124
Comparative analysis of ESG standards
, 298–300
Comparative capitalism
, 10
Competition
, 314, 317, 319
nonmarket
, 322
relationship between CSR curvilinear and
, 320
Concept-ethos resonance
, 279–280
Cooperatives
, 25, 28
Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs)
, 208–209
Corporate financial performance (CFP)
, 6
See also CSP–CFP linkage
Corporate governance
, 113
Corporate philanthropy
, 70, 74–77, 82, 201
in China
, 77–79
effect of political patronage on
, 74–77
stakeholder pressure in
, 72
See also Community philanthropy
Corporate social performance (CSP)
, 6
See also CSP–CFP linkage
Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
, 1, 7, 19, 20, 70, 98, 146, 170, 198, 229, 230, 262, 291, 302, 313–315, 317, 318, 369, 379–380
dynamic evolution of concepts and industry practices
, 6–8
MNE stakeholder governance and
, 177–180
Corporate sustainability
, 228, 284
Counter movement
activity
, 350
rising of
, 345–346
Cournot model
, 323, 327
CSP–CFP linkage
, 228
business case failures
, 249–250
capabilities mechanism
, 242–248
conceptual framework
, 248–249
firm behavior
, 227–228
markets and social responsibility
, 229–231
relational/reputational mechanism
, 231–242
Democratization of aviation
, 271
Dissonance
, 270
Diversification
, 319
Domestic markets, sustainability and role of energy in
, 103–104
Duty of care
, 25
Duty of loyalty
, 25
Dynamic evolution of concepts and industry practices
, 6–8
Economics of property rights
, 21
Ecopetrol
, 106
Elasticities
, 46
Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA)
, 53
Emissions-trading schemes
, 268
Employee productivity
, 97
Employees
, 80
Energy
, 39, 347
Energy efficiency
, 46–47, 51–52, 55–58
Energy Policy Act
, 347, 349
ENH (Mozambique)
, 105
Entrepreneuship
, 340–358
Environment
, 124–125
Environmental, social, and governance (ESG)
, 290, 292, 300, 301
dimensions of ESG standards
, 7, 295–296
Index
, 107
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
, 39
TRI program
, 45–46, 53
Environmental(ism)
, 44, 107, 267, 291, 318
Equity
, 3, 26, 80
Ethics
, 372–375, 381–382
Ethos
, 284
aviation
, 276, 279
concept-ethos resonance
, 279–280
image-ethos dissonance
, 270–272
industry
, 267, 271, 276–279, 283–284
External directors
, 102–103
ExxonMobil
, 101, 113
Corporate Citizenship Report
, 107
Forest conservation and biodiversity
, 138
Fossil fuels, burning
, 128
Foxconn
, 236
Frames
, 342
Fraternal Order of Eagles (FOE)
, 218
Freeman
, 124
Friedman
, 30
G4 standards
, 98, 298
Gazprom
, 100, 104
Generalized method of moments (GMM)
, 159, 335–336
Global capital markets
, 236
Global Initiative for Sustainability Ratings (GISR)
, 294, 298, 303
Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)
, 98, 291, 298, 299, 303, 305
Global strategy
, 170, 178
Global warming
, 243
Globalization
, 104–105, 234
Golden Observatory
, 192n3
Governance
, 100–103
Government
, 125–126
budget deficit
, 100
intervention
, 135
role in sustainability
, 133–136
Grassroots pressure
, 240
Great Bear Rainforest
, 138
Great Recession
, 349
“Green” electric power
, 342
Greenhouse gases emissions
, 280
“Greening” initiative
, 314
Grounded theory
, 264, 266
Human capital
, 24, 28, 304
Iberdrola
, 172–176, 179, 182, 184
Imprinting
, 290–291
organizational
, 294–297
Incomplete contracts theory
, 21, 22
Independent directors
, 102–103
Industrial consolidation
, 250
Industry simulation
, 327–329
Inertia
, 151–152
Information providers
, 234
Information technology (IT)
, 147
Institutional complexity
, 172, 181, 183
Institutional investors
, 57
Institutional logic
, 297
Institutional relational/reputational mechanism
, 239, 242
capture of information on firm’s environmental and social impact
, 240–241
financial impact
, 242
marketized environmental and social impact
, 239–240
material and/or symbolic gain or loss
, 241–242
regulatory proceedings, fines, and lawsuits
, 240
social movement and grassroots pressure
, 240
See also Market-based relational/reputational mechanism
Institutional theory
, 181
Institutions
institutional context
, 99, 180
Integrated strategy
, 315
Interdependence of stakeholder pressure
, 74
Intergenerational dilemmas
, 133
Intergovernmental organizations (IGOs)
, 177
International exposure
, 111
International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC)
, 294, 298, 299, 302
International oil companies (IOCs)
, 96
Interpretation
, 260, 275
industry-level processes
, 262–263
interpretive process of naturalization
, 276
sustainability
, 261–262
IPOs
, 148–149, 154
Iranian Revolution (1978)
, 347
Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers (KPCB)
, 148
Knightian uncertainty
, 23
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
, 314
Legitimacy
, 25, 26
threat
, 267–270
Legitimization
, 283
Lenders’ cooperative
, 25, 29
Liability of foreignness (LOF)
, 178, 185
Libertarian principles
, 126
Limited partners (LPs)
, 148
Local community
, 304
Lowest Achievable Emission Rate
, 54
Management attention
, 371
Market expansion
and declining impact of social movements
, 344
and growing importance of resources
, 345
Market-based logics
, 229
Market-based relational/reputational mechanism
, 231, 233, 240
capture of information
, 233–234
change in stakeholder behavior
, 236–237
changes in corporate image and legitimacy
, 235–236
diffusion of information to key stakeholders
, 234–235
financial impact
, 237–239
See also Institutional relational/reputational mechanism
Market-based relationships
, 232
Market-to-book ratio (MBR)
, 319, 336
Markets
, 229–231
legitimacy
, 344
solutions
, 135
structure and industry CSR
, 328
Materiality
, 294, 300–303
Materiality Map
, 302
materiality matrix
, 303
“Mediating hierarchy”
, 27
Microlevel processes
, 9
Mobilization
, 343
Monopoly
, 237, 314, 317, 337
Moral capital
, 71, 74
Moral implications of stakeholder approach
, 380–384
Moral reasoning
, 370
boundaries of stakeholder theory based on moral principles
, 371–372
ethical arguments
, 372
ethics drives stakeholder theory
, 373–375
Multinational enterprises (MNEs)
, 169
CSR and international operations
, 172–177
CSR initiatives
, 172–180
direct and indirect influence of stakeholders on subsidiary
, 188
extreme alignment
, 183, 184, 185
extreme misalignment
, 183, 184, 185
liability of foreignness, stakeholders, and CSR
, 185–187
multinational corporations (MNC)
, 10
network embeddedness, stakeholders, and CSR
, 187–190
stakeholder demands and CSR
, 180–185
stakeholder governance and CSR
, 177–180
subsidiaries’ CSR implementation
, 180–190
NASDAQ
, 208
National hydrocarbon wealth
, 111
National oil companies (NOCs)
, 4, 96, 101, 105, 106, 111
global
, 99
importance of sustainability in oil and gas industry
, 97–99
Russian
, 102, 104
stakeholders, and performance imperatives
, 96–97
sustainability
and benefits of globalization
, 104–105
disclosure, monitoring, and performance outcomes
, 99–100
ownership, and governance
, 100–103
and role of energy in domestic markets
, 103–104
Natoil (Uganda)
, 106
Natural resources
, 96, 380
Naturalization
, 7–8, 267, 283
antecedents of
, 267–272
affirming industry ethos
, 276–279
concept corruption
, 280
concept-ethos resonance
, 279–280
image-ethos dissonance
, 270–272
legitimacy threat
, 267–270
outcomes of
, 276
Naturalizing sustainability
, 272
adoption of management concepts
, 282–283
bundling
, 274–275
industry ethos
, 283–284
naturalization process
, 281–282
outcomes of naturalization
, 276–281
relabeling
, 272–274
zooming out
, 275–276
Neoclassical theory of firm
, 18
Network embeddedness
, 187–190
New York Stock Exchange
, 208
Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation
, 104
Nonmarket competition
, 322
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
, 77, 99, 138, 177, 260, 262, 267, 313
Normative stakeholder approaches
, 18
Not in my backyard (NIMBY) activists
, 347–348, 350, 357
Off-shoring of production
, 250
Oil and gas industry, sustainability in
, 97–99
Oil refinery productivity
, 44
Oil rents
, 109
Organizational imprinting
, 290
Ownership
, 3, 11, 21, 27, 54, 57, 100–103
competence
, 3, 20, 27
and CSR
, 3–4, 30–32
judgment-based view
, 23–24, 28, 31
private
, 109
and stakeholder theory
, 24–29
status
, 38, 40, 51–52
PACE survey
, 53
Path dependent processes
, 151
Peer comparison
, 152–153, 163
PepsiCo
, 314
Petrobras
, 100
Petróleos de Venezuela, S. A. (PDVSA)
, 97, 104
Petronas
, 100
Political connections
, 79–83, 85
former officials
, 86
Political patronage
, 70, 74–77
corporate philanthropy in China
, 77–79
interdependence of stakeholder pressure
, 74–77
Political support
, 74
Pollution
, 39
Pollution abatement
investments
, 44
payoffs from investments in
, 43–45
Porter hypothesis
, 39
Positive stakeholder approaches
, 18
Principal-agent relationship
, 103
Privately Owned Enterprises Research Project Team (POERPT)
, 79
Privatization
, 101
Producers’ cooperatives
, 25
Psychological research
, 153
Public Utilities Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA)
, 344, 350
Public vs. private firms
, 39, 41, 42, 62
Publically traded firms
, 84, 85
Publicly owned facilities
, 3–4, 60, 62
R&D intensity
, 319, 321
Rawlsian principles of justice and fairness
, 372
Relabeling
, 272–274, 280
Relational/reputational mechanisms
, 229, 231, 247
firm
, 231–232
institutional relational/reputational mechanism
, 239–242
linking social and financial performance of firms
, 232
market-based relational/reputational mechanism
, 233–239
relational processes
, 232–233
See also Capabilities mechanisms
Renewable portfolio standard policy (RPS policy)
, 350
Reputation
, 24, 147
Reserves to production ratios (R/P ratios)
, 109
Residual rights of control
, 21, 22
Responsible Care program
, 137
Responsible Investment
, 290–291, 294, 298, 300–305
accounting, rating, and reporting standards for
, 293–294
Risk
, 146, 149, 150
Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI)
, 53
Sequoia Capital
, 148
Shareholder wealth maximization
, 32
Short-termism
, 40, 63
Sinopec
, 104
Social capital
, 199
and community philanthropy
, 202–204, 210, 213
elite
, 203, 208
independent variables
, 208–209
working-class social capital
, 203, 208
Social movements
, 7, 240, 340–341, 356–357
evolving impact of social movements on founding rates
, 342–346
market expansion and declining impact of
, 344
market expansion and growing importance of resources
, 345
and new markets
, 342–344
rising of counter movements
, 345–346
Social responsibility
, 229–231, 260, 379
See also Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
Social–financial performance linkage
, 229
See also CSP–CFP linkage
Stakeholder approach
, 28
advantages of perspective
, 378–380
to CSR orientation and CSR behaviors
, 383–384
debating purpose of business
, 375–377
See also Stakeholder theory
Stakeholder management
, 122, 123, 124–126, 373, 384
Stakeholder pressure
, 72, 74–77
Stakeholder relations
, 1, 303–305
Stakeholder theory
, 8, 24, 170, 181, 368, 369, 373, 380
association between ethics and
, 368, 370
ownership
, 24–29
See also Stakeholder approach
Stakeholders
, 5, 20, 70, 73, 96–97, 127–130, 177, 232, 291, 358
alignment
, 11, 190
coalitions
, 4–6
conceptualization of
, 357
in corporate philanthropy
, 72
directions for future research
, 8–11
dynamic evolution of concepts and industry practices
, 6–8
engagement
, 305
expectations
, 184
focal stakeholders
, 70
global stakeholders
, 182, 187
interdependence
, 70, 72, 74–77
internal
, 304
local stakeholders
, 182
management
, 357–358
ownership and implications for
, 3–4
pressures
, 72
public and private stakeholders
, 73–74
relations
, 303–305
State-owned enterprises (SOEs)
, 77–78, 96
Strategic framing
, 342–343
Sustainability
, 1, 95, 100–103, 122–123, 126–130, 133, 146, 260–262, 267, 276, 280, 290, 291, 301, 313, 315, 341
dynamic evolution of concepts and industry practices
, 6–8
importance in oil and gas industry
, 97–99
investment
, 147, 239, 290, 292
naturalizing
, 272–276
ownership and implications for
, 3–4
role of government in
, 133–136
Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB)
, 294, 298, 299–300, 304
Tax Reform Act (1986)
, 347
Taxation
, 135
Team production theory of firm
, 27
Tellus Institute
, 298, 299
Thomson Financial Spectrum database
, 54
Thomson-Reuters (VentureXpert database)
, 153
Top management teams (TMTs)
, 8
Toxic emissions
, 42, 53, 58–60
Toxic Release Inventory (TRI)
, 39, 53
Transaction cost theory
, 21
Translation
, 282
Transnational approach
, 178, 179
Triple bottom line
, 126, 261
Union penetration
, 208
United Auto Workers union
, 203
United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP)
, 169–170
United Way
, 199, 206–212, 216–217
age of United Way in community
, 209
US Census
, 45
Value creation
, 23, 302
value capture framework
, 9
Venture capital (VC)
, 5, 146–165
Venture capitalists
, 146
Vertical disintegration
, 235, 250
Voluntarism
, 126
Vuong test
, 351
Wind energy
, 347–349
Wind Industry
, 340–358
Wind turbine syndrome
, 348
Workers’ cooperatives
, 25
- Prelims
- Introduction: Contemplating the Connections between Sustainability, Stakeholder Governance, and Corporate Social Responsibility
- Part I Ownership and Its Implications for Sustainability, Stakeholder Governance, and CSR
- Stakeholders and Corporate Social Responsibility: An Ownership Perspective
- Public versus Private Firms: Energy Efficiency, Toxic Emissions, and Abatement Spending
- The Interdependence of Public and Private Stakeholder Influence: A Study of Political Patronage and Corporate Philanthropy in China
- State-Owned Multinationals and Drivers of Sustainability Practices: An Exploratory Study of National Oil Companies
- Part II Stakeholder Alignment and Coalitions
- Governing the Void between Stakeholder Management and Sustainability
- Venture Capital’s Role in Creating a More Sustainable Society: The Role of Exits in Clean Energy’s Investment Growth
- CSR Strategic Implementation in MNEs: The Role of Subsidiaries’ Stakeholders
- Large Corporations, Social Capital, and Community Philanthropy
- Re-thinking the CSP–CFP Linkage: Analyzing the Mechanisms Involved in Translating Socially Responsible Behavior to Financial Performance
- Part III Dynamic Evolution of Concepts and Industry Practices
- Naturalizing Sustainability: How Industry Actors Make Sense of a Threatening Concept
- Doing Well by Doing Good: A Comparative Analysis of ESG Standards for Responsible Investment
- The Effect of Market and Nonmarket Competition on Firm and Industry Corporate Social Responsibility
- Gone with the Wind: The Evolving Influence of Social Movements and Counter Movements on Entrepreneurial Activity in the US Wind Industry
- The Association between Ethics and Stakeholder Theory
- Index