Index
ISBN: 978-1-78714-239-8, eISBN: 978-1-78714-238-1
ISSN: 0733-558X
Publication date: 17 March 2017
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2017), "Index", From Categories to Categorization: Studies in Sociology, Organizations and Strategy at the Crossroads (Research in the Sociology of Organizations, Vol. 51), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 397-402. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0733-558X20170000051014
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2017 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
“Ad-hoc” categories, 76
Africa Venture Capital Association (AVCA), 120, 122
African Agricultural Capital, 120
Analog technologies, First wave, 234–236
Analysts categorization, 79
Analytic method, 371–373
Analytical approach, 124–125
“Anonymous currency”, 190, 196, 199, 208
Antecedents of category spanning, 356–357, 371–372
Apple Company, 71–72, 253–254
Audience’s theory of value, 7, 8–9, 10, 328
B2B e-commerce software company, 155
Bank Charter Act, 192
Biotechnology, 12, 172–173
Bitcoin, 188
history of, 193–194
Body Mass Index (BMI), 313
Breusch–Pagan Lagrange multiplier test, 342
Candidate identity, caveats on, 57–58
Carbon 60 (C60), 365, 366
Categor(ies), 4, 22, 72, 84, 114, 115–116, 194–195, 260, 299, 328, 356
agreement, 301
authority, 301, 314–315, 318
boundaries, 169–170
category-level influences on spanning, 360–361
central tendency, 333
creation, 298–299
decay, 172–174
durability, 299, 320
proof, 312–313
truce, 315–316
emergence, 299
formation, 262, 263, 264
imprinting, 306–309, 311
knowledge base, 309–310
label, 34, 79–80, 164–166, 190
misalignment, 195–196
promoters, 22
schemes, 49–51
spanning, 362–364
symbolic boundaries, 167–169
taken-for-grantedness, 170–172
translation, 226
Categorical contrast, 340
Categorical imperative, 19, 32, 33, 45–47, 298, 356
Categorical membership, 33
Categorical purity, 33, 34, 37, 47, 51
Categorization, 4, 19, 33, 152, 328, 356
consistency, 43–44
customer segmentation, 42–43
limits of, 208–210
principles, 44
as theoretical tool, 33, 42, 60, 328–329, 334–336, 349
vertical differentiation imperative, 44
volume contributions, 14–23
Category spanning, 22–23, 328–329, 330, 333, 339, 341
antecedents of, 356–357
USPTO patent, 357–358
Causal view of categories, 334
Citizens United v. First Election Commission, 189
Cluster analysis, 201
Cognitive approach, 4, 13
audience’s theory of value, 8–9
categorization as, 6
characteristics of, 8
empirical results, 6–7
Cognitive map, 79–80, 93, 103
Cognitive psychology, 4, 333, 360
Commitment, social risks from, 45, 53–55
“Commodity” label, 189
Communication technologies, 224
Communities, 165
Consensus, 22, 299, 301–303, 307, 312, 314, 320
Consumer(s), 168
categorical purity in markets, 39–40
marketplace metacognition, 262
Contextualizing category development, 160–161
Coordination, social risks from, 53–55
Corporate social responsibility (CSR), 12, 126, 128
Customer segmentation, 42–43
Decay, category, 172–174
Decentralization, 210–211
“Decentralized” label, 215
Demand-side imperatives, 35–36
Demand-side principles, 52
“Density” variable, 371
Development finance institutions (DFIs), 119–120
Differentiation imperatives, 35
See also Categorical imperative
Discourse analysis, 154–155
approach, 168
contributions of, 157
Discursive approaches, 177–178
“Dynamic capabilities”, 169
Economic sociology, 32
Empirical analyses, 198
macro level
cluster analysis, 201
within-cluster inconsistencies, 201–203
meso level, 203–205
micro level, 205, 206
Enactment, 11
Ethereum, 189
Ethical investing, 118
European Central Bank (ECB), 203
European Investment Bank (EIB), 119–120
European Union (EU), 239
Expertise, 7, 197, 383
home category expertise, 362–363
knowledge-based, 320
scientific expertise, 367
Extraprofessional status, 38–39
Fair Information Practices Principles framework, 237
Federal Electronic Communications Privacy Act, 237–238
Federal Trade Commission (FTC), 239, 251, 252
Fiat, 299, 307, 312, 314–315
mechanism, 22
process, 304–305
Financial intermediaries, 120
Firm’s tenure calculation, 340–341
Foreign direct investment (FDI), 118–119
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), 129, 133
Framing techniques, 75, 103
Full-service law firms, 335, 337, 348
Fullerene, 365, 366
Fund, 117–118, 120, 126
“Futurist” community, 166
Fuzziness, 92–93
Genetic engineering, 172–173
Global impact investing network (GIIN), 121–124
Global impact investing rating system (GIIRS), 134–135
Goal-based approach, 7
Goal-derived categories, 75–76
Government record keeping and digital data banks, 236–238
Hannan et al.’s theory of organization forms, 39–40
Hazard rate models
competing, 358, 373, 380
continuous, 88, 90, 96
Heterogeneity, 157–158
High-status professionals, 41, 57, 61
“Home category”, 23, 358, 361
Horizontally differentiated category, 34
Hybrid categories, 114, 125
creating new knowledge and new collective identity, 126–128
data analysis, 124–125
data sources and data collection, 121–124
emergence of impact investing, 125–126
events, 126
market category, 114
membership for legitimacy transfer, 134–137
membership for political advantage, 132–134
political actions and outcomes, 138
as political devices, 114–115, 137
research context, 117–121
theoretical foundation, 115
politics, power, and categories, 115–116
and power relations, 116–117
weak institutional setting, 130–132
Identity
change in identity consensus level, 339
consensus, 339
implications for identity research, 350
politics, 55
“Impact investing” category, 126–127
emergence of, 125–126
Industry-based categorical imperative, 60–61
Information technology (IT), 85
Informational privacy, 226–227, 231, 234
first wave, 234–236
second wave, 236–238
third wave, 239–241
Innovations, 32, 33, 190
Bitcoin, 192–193
Institutional context, 13
Institutional embeddedness of categories, 230
“Institutional entrepreneurs”, 300
Institutional translation, 246–252
Insurance industry, 158
“Intelligent e-business solutions”, 155
Intermediaries, 260
case of Sundance Institute, 285
in category creation, 261
category formation, 287–288
in maintenance of market categories, 260
theoretical foundations, 262–266
International corporate law market, 336–338
International Finance Corporation (IFC), 119
Internet, 213–214, 239–241
Interpretive process, 158
Interview records, 234
Intraprofessional status, 37–39
Invariant behavioral tendency, 40–42
Involuntary resettlement, 133
Irrationality, 44–45
Labeling
persistence of labeling inconsistencies, 205, 207–208
process, 12
Labels, 194–195
exploring, 196
function, 92
misalignment between categories and, 195–196
Law firms, 337, 338–339
Legitimate commentary, 264
Leniency, 92–93
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT), 115
Magic quadrant reports, 86–87
issue, 98–100
logit models on, 102
negative binomial models on, 101
“Manufacturing” category, 190
Market
categorization, 4–5, 72–75, 81–82
as activation of cognitive processes, 6–9
perspectives, 5–6
research on, 5
as social process, 9–14
category, 114, 153, 281–282
intermediaries in maintenance of, 260
systems, 300
for cultural goods, 263
intermediaries, 83, 84–85
label, 194
makers, 32
participants, 153
power dynamics among market participants, 159–160
stakeholders, 164
“Meso-physics” labels, 166
Metadata repository, 87
Money-related innovation in United Kingdom, 191
barter to electronic payments, 191–192
Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), 267
Nanotechnology, 364–365
category, 166
label, 159–160
National Forestry Agency (NFA), 130, 131
National Nanotechnology Initiative, 160
“Natural categories”, 225
New Forests Company (NFC), 20, 114–115
New market, 260–261, 263
category, 261, 262, 264
Nominally differentiated category, 34
Nonintersecting knowledge domains, 211
Orders of worth, 230, 246–252
Organization theory, 4, 32, 39
Organizational identity, 331
Parametric models, 372
Peer-to-peer electronic cash system, 188
Politics, 115–116
Power, 115–116
dynamics, 20, 159–160
relations, 116–117
Privacy category, 231
Producer market category, 96–98
Producers categorization, 76–78
Proof process, 299, 303–304, 307, 312–313
Protocategory creation, 164–166
Prototype approach, 4
Prototype theory, 40
Radical innovation, 210
Relational similarity, 363–364
variable, 367–369
Rhetorical contestation, 246
Rhetorical elements, 158
Semi-structured interviews, 124, 266–267
Signaling, 12
“Single-layer depositioning” labels, 166
Social
boundaries, 169–170
categorization, 317
cognition, 309–311
mechanisms, 36
movements, 115
negotiation, 11
Social process, 4–5
actors, 9–11
acts of categorization, 12–13
categorization as, 9
context characteristics, 13
entity, 11
temporality aspects, 14
Social risks, 53–55
Socially responsible investing (SRI), 118
Sociology of markets, 4
Software producers, 94–96
Speculative markets, 60
Stakeholders, 153
Status, 33, 57
extraprofessional, 38–39
hierarchy, 57
high-status professionals, 41, 57
intraprofessional, 37–39
Stinchcombe’s imprinting, 307
Stock market, 60
analysts, 80
Strategic categorization, 72–74
goal-derived categories, 75–76
producers, 73–74, 76–78
software, 94–96
Sundance Institute, 261, 266, 272
Superordinate category, 211–213
Symbolic boundaries, 167–169
Taken-for-grantedness, 170–172
Technology sector, 85
Temporality aspects, 14
Theories of moral sentiments, 314
Theory of value, 33, 45, 331
variation in, 48–49
Translation processes, 241
OECD, 242
Truce process, 299, 305–307, 312, 315–316
“Typicality judgment” approach, 329, 331–334
Valuations process, 32–33, 45–46
Venture capitalists (VC), 32, 214
Vertical differentiation imperative, 44
Vertically differentiated category, 34
Virtual currency, 189, 203
World Health Organization (WHO), 313
“Ad-hoc” categories
, 76
Africa Venture Capital Association (AVCA)
, 120, 122
African Agricultural Capital
, 120
Analog technologies, First wave
, 234–236
Analysts categorization
, 79
Analytic method
, 371–373
Analytical approach
, 124–125
“Anonymous currency”
, 190, 196, 199, 208
Antecedents of category spanning
, 356–357, 371–372
Apple Company
, 71–72, 253–254
Audience’s theory of value
, 7, 8–9, 10, 328
B2B e-commerce software company
, 155
Bank Charter Act
, 192
Biotechnology
, 12, 172–173
Bitcoin
, 188
history of
, 193–194
Body Mass Index (BMI)
, 313
Breusch–Pagan Lagrange multiplier test
, 342
Candidate identity, caveats on, 57–58
Carbon 60 (C60), 365, 366
Categor(ies), 4, 22, 72, 84, 114, 115–116, 194–195, 260, 299, 328, 356
agreement, 301
authority, 301, 314–315, 318
boundaries, 169–170
category-level influences on spanning, 360–361
central tendency, 333
creation, 298–299
decay, 172–174
durability, 299, 320
proof, 312–313
truce, 315–316
emergence, 299
formation, 262, 263, 264
imprinting, 306–309, 311
knowledge base, 309–310
label, 34, 79–80, 164–166, 190
misalignment, 195–196
promoters, 22
schemes, 49–51
spanning, 362–364
symbolic boundaries, 167–169
taken-for-grantedness, 170–172
translation, 226
Categorical contrast, 340
Categorical imperative, 19, 32, 33, 45–47, 298, 356
Categorical membership, 33
Categorical purity, 33, 34, 37, 47, 51
Categorization, 4, 19, 33, 152, 328, 356
consistency, 43–44
customer segmentation, 42–43
limits of, 208–210
principles, 44
as theoretical tool, 33, 42, 60, 328–329, 334–336, 349
vertical differentiation imperative, 44
volume contributions, 14–23
Category spanning, 22–23, 328–329, 330, 333, 339, 341
antecedents of, 356–357
USPTO patent, 357–358
Causal view of categories, 334
Citizens United v. First Election Commission, 189
Cluster analysis, 201
Cognitive approach, 4, 13
audience’s theory of value, 8–9
categorization as, 6
characteristics of, 8
empirical results, 6–7
Cognitive map, 79–80, 93, 103
Cognitive psychology, 4, 333, 360
Commitment, social risks from, 45, 53–55
“Commodity” label, 189
Communication technologies, 224
Communities, 165
Consensus, 22, 299, 301–303, 307, 312, 314, 320
Consumer(s), 168
categorical purity in markets, 39–40
marketplace metacognition, 262
Contextualizing category development, 160–161
Coordination, social risks from, 53–55
Corporate social responsibility (CSR), 12, 126, 128
Customer segmentation, 42–43
Decay, category, 172–174
Decentralization, 210–211
“Decentralized” label, 215
Demand-side imperatives, 35–36
Demand-side principles, 52
“Density” variable, 371
Development finance institutions (DFIs), 119–120
Differentiation imperatives, 35
See also Categorical imperative
Discourse analysis, 154–155
approach, 168
contributions of, 157
Discursive approaches, 177–178
“Dynamic capabilities”, 169
Economic sociology, 32
Empirical analyses, 198
macro level
cluster analysis, 201
within-cluster inconsistencies, 201–203
meso level, 203–205
micro level, 205, 206
Enactment, 11
Ethereum, 189
Ethical investing, 118
European Central Bank (ECB), 203
European Investment Bank (EIB), 119–120
European Union (EU), 239
Expertise, 7, 197, 383
home category expertise, 362–363
knowledge-based, 320
scientific expertise, 367
Extraprofessional status, 38–39
Fair Information Practices Principles framework, 237
Federal Electronic Communications Privacy Act, 237–238
Federal Trade Commission (FTC), 239, 251, 252
Fiat, 299, 307, 312, 314–315
mechanism, 22
process, 304–305
Financial intermediaries, 120
Firm’s tenure calculation, 340–341
Foreign direct investment (FDI), 118–119
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), 129, 133
Framing techniques, 75, 103
Full-service law firms, 335, 337, 348
Fullerene, 365, 366
Fund, 117–118, 120, 126
“Futurist” community, 166
Fuzziness, 92–93
Genetic engineering, 172–173
Global impact investing network (GIIN), 121–124
Global impact investing rating system (GIIRS), 134–135
Goal-based approach, 7
Goal-derived categories, 75–76
Government record keeping and digital data banks, 236–238
Hannan et al.’s theory of organization forms, 39–40
Hazard rate models
competing, 358, 373, 380
continuous, 88, 90, 96
Heterogeneity, 157–158
High-status professionals, 41, 57, 61
“Home category”, 23, 358, 361
Horizontally differentiated category, 34
Hybrid categories, 114, 125
creating new knowledge and new collective identity, 126–128
data analysis, 124–125
data sources and data collection, 121–124
emergence of impact investing, 125–126
events, 126
market category, 114
membership for legitimacy transfer, 134–137
membership for political advantage, 132–134
political actions and outcomes, 138
as political devices, 114–115, 137
research context, 117–121
theoretical foundation, 115
politics, power, and categories, 115–116
and power relations, 116–117
weak institutional setting, 130–132
Identity
change in identity consensus level, 339
consensus, 339
implications for identity research, 350
politics, 55
“Impact investing” category, 126–127
emergence of, 125–126
Industry-based categorical imperative, 60–61
Information technology (IT), 85
Informational privacy, 226–227, 231, 234
first wave, 234–236
second wave, 236–238
third wave, 239–241
Innovations, 32, 33, 190
Bitcoin, 192–193
Institutional context, 13
Institutional embeddedness of categories, 230
“Institutional entrepreneurs”, 300
Institutional translation, 246–252
Insurance industry, 158
“Intelligent e-business solutions”, 155
Intermediaries, 260
case of Sundance Institute, 285
in category creation, 261
category formation, 287–288
in maintenance of market categories, 260
theoretical foundations, 262–266
International corporate law market, 336–338
International Finance Corporation (IFC), 119
Internet, 213–214, 239–241
Interpretive process, 158
Interview records, 234
Intraprofessional status, 37–39
Invariant behavioral tendency, 40–42
Involuntary resettlement, 133
Irrationality, 44–45
Labeling
persistence of labeling inconsistencies, 205, 207–208
process, 12
Labels, 194–195
exploring, 196
function, 92
misalignment between categories and, 195–196
Law firms, 337, 338–339
Legitimate commentary, 264
Leniency, 92–93
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT), 115
Magic quadrant reports, 86–87
issue, 98–100
logit models on, 102
negative binomial models on, 101
“Manufacturing” category, 190
Market
categorization, 4–5, 72–75, 81–82
as activation of cognitive processes, 6–9
perspectives, 5–6
research on, 5
as social process, 9–14
category, 114, 153, 281–282
intermediaries in maintenance of, 260
systems, 300
for cultural goods, 263
intermediaries, 83, 84–85
label, 194
makers, 32
participants, 153
power dynamics among market participants, 159–160
stakeholders, 164
“Meso-physics” labels, 166
Metadata repository, 87
Money-related innovation in United Kingdom, 191
barter to electronic payments, 191–192
Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), 267
Nanotechnology, 364–365
category, 166
label, 159–160
National Forestry Agency (NFA), 130, 131
National Nanotechnology Initiative, 160
“Natural categories”, 225
New Forests Company (NFC), 20, 114–115
New market, 260–261, 263
category, 261, 262, 264
Nominally differentiated category, 34
Nonintersecting knowledge domains, 211
Orders of worth, 230, 246–252
Organization theory, 4, 32, 39
Organizational identity, 331
Parametric models, 372
Peer-to-peer electronic cash system, 188
Politics, 115–116
Power, 115–116
dynamics, 20, 159–160
relations, 116–117
Privacy category, 231
Producer market category, 96–98
Producers categorization, 76–78
Proof process, 299, 303–304, 307, 312–313
Protocategory creation, 164–166
Prototype approach, 4
Prototype theory, 40
Radical innovation, 210
Relational similarity, 363–364
variable, 367–369
Rhetorical contestation, 246
Rhetorical elements, 158
Semi-structured interviews, 124, 266–267
Signaling, 12
“Single-layer depositioning” labels, 166
Social
boundaries, 169–170
categorization, 317
cognition, 309–311
mechanisms, 36
movements, 115
negotiation, 11
Social process, 4–5
actors, 9–11
acts of categorization, 12–13
categorization as, 9
context characteristics, 13
entity, 11
temporality aspects, 14
Social risks, 53–55
Socially responsible investing (SRI), 118
Sociology of markets, 4
Software producers, 94–96
Speculative markets, 60
Stakeholders, 153
Status, 33, 57
extraprofessional, 38–39
hierarchy, 57
high-status professionals, 41, 57
intraprofessional, 37–39
Stinchcombe’s imprinting, 307
Stock market, 60
analysts, 80
Strategic categorization, 72–74
goal-derived categories, 75–76
producers, 73–74, 76–78
software, 94–96
Sundance Institute, 261, 266, 272
Superordinate category, 211–213
Symbolic boundaries, 167–169
Taken-for-grantedness, 170–172
Technology sector, 85
Temporality aspects, 14
Theories of moral sentiments, 314
Theory of value, 33, 45, 331
variation in, 48–49
Translation processes, 241
OECD, 242
Truce process, 299, 305–307, 312, 315–316
“Typicality judgment” approach, 329, 331–334
Valuations process, 32–33, 45–46
Venture capitalists (VC), 32, 214
Vertical differentiation imperative, 44
Vertically differentiated category, 34
Virtual currency, 189, 203
World Health Organization (WHO), 313
Candidate identity, caveats on
, 57–58
Carbon 60 (C60)
, 365, 366
Categor(ies)
, 4, 22, 72, 84, 114, 115–116, 194–195, 260, 299, 328, 356
agreement
, 301
authority
, 301, 314–315, 318
boundaries
, 169–170
category-level influences on spanning
, 360–361
central tendency
, 333
creation
, 298–299
decay
, 172–174
durability
, 299, 320
proof
, 312–313
truce
, 315–316
emergence
, 299
formation
, 262, 263, 264
imprinting
, 306–309, 311
knowledge base
, 309–310
label
, 34, 79–80, 164–166, 190
misalignment
, 195–196
promoters
, 22
schemes
, 49–51
spanning
, 362–364
symbolic boundaries
, 167–169
taken-for-grantedness
, 170–172
translation
, 226
Categorical contrast
, 340
Categorical imperative
, 19, 32, 33, 45–47, 298, 356
Categorical membership
, 33
Categorical purity
, 33, 34, 37, 47, 51
Categorization
, 4, 19, 33, 152, 328, 356
consistency
, 43–44
customer segmentation
, 42–43
limits of
, 208–210
principles
, 44
as theoretical tool
, 33, 42, 60, 328–329, 334–336, 349
vertical differentiation imperative
, 44
volume contributions
, 14–23
Category spanning
, 22–23, 328–329, 330, 333, 339, 341
antecedents of
, 356–357
USPTO patent
, 357–358
Causal view of categories
, 334
Citizens United v. First Election Commission
, 189
Cluster analysis
, 201
Cognitive approach
, 4, 13
audience’s theory of value
, 8–9
categorization as
, 6
characteristics of
, 8
empirical results
, 6–7
Cognitive map
, 79–80, 93, 103
Cognitive psychology
, 4, 333, 360
Commitment, social risks from
, 45, 53–55
“Commodity” label
, 189
Communication technologies
, 224
Communities
, 165
Consensus
, 22, 299, 301–303, 307, 312, 314, 320
Consumer(s)
, 168
categorical purity in markets
, 39–40
marketplace metacognition
, 262
Contextualizing category development
, 160–161
Coordination, social risks from
, 53–55
Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
, 12, 126, 128
Customer segmentation
, 42–43
Decay, category
, 172–174
Decentralization
, 210–211
“Decentralized” label
, 215
Demand-side imperatives
, 35–36
Demand-side principles
, 52
“Density” variable
, 371
Development finance institutions (DFIs)
, 119–120
Differentiation imperatives
, 35
See also Categorical imperative
Discourse analysis
, 154–155
approach
, 168
contributions of
, 157
Discursive approaches
, 177–178
“Dynamic capabilities”
, 169
Economic sociology, 32
Empirical analyses, 198
macro level
cluster analysis, 201
within-cluster inconsistencies, 201–203
meso level, 203–205
micro level, 205, 206
Enactment, 11
Ethereum, 189
Ethical investing, 118
European Central Bank (ECB), 203
European Investment Bank (EIB), 119–120
European Union (EU), 239
Expertise, 7, 197, 383
home category expertise, 362–363
knowledge-based, 320
scientific expertise, 367
Extraprofessional status, 38–39
Fair Information Practices Principles framework, 237
Federal Electronic Communications Privacy Act, 237–238
Federal Trade Commission (FTC), 239, 251, 252
Fiat, 299, 307, 312, 314–315
mechanism, 22
process, 304–305
Financial intermediaries, 120
Firm’s tenure calculation, 340–341
Foreign direct investment (FDI), 118–119
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), 129, 133
Framing techniques, 75, 103
Full-service law firms, 335, 337, 348
Fullerene, 365, 366
Fund, 117–118, 120, 126
“Futurist” community, 166
Fuzziness, 92–93
Genetic engineering, 172–173
Global impact investing network (GIIN), 121–124
Global impact investing rating system (GIIRS), 134–135
Goal-based approach, 7
Goal-derived categories, 75–76
Government record keeping and digital data banks, 236–238
Hannan et al.’s theory of organization forms, 39–40
Hazard rate models
competing, 358, 373, 380
continuous, 88, 90, 96
Heterogeneity, 157–158
High-status professionals, 41, 57, 61
“Home category”, 23, 358, 361
Horizontally differentiated category, 34
Hybrid categories, 114, 125
creating new knowledge and new collective identity, 126–128
data analysis, 124–125
data sources and data collection, 121–124
emergence of impact investing, 125–126
events, 126
market category, 114
membership for legitimacy transfer, 134–137
membership for political advantage, 132–134
political actions and outcomes, 138
as political devices, 114–115, 137
research context, 117–121
theoretical foundation, 115
politics, power, and categories, 115–116
and power relations, 116–117
weak institutional setting, 130–132
Identity
change in identity consensus level, 339
consensus, 339
implications for identity research, 350
politics, 55
“Impact investing” category, 126–127
emergence of, 125–126
Industry-based categorical imperative, 60–61
Information technology (IT), 85
Informational privacy, 226–227, 231, 234
first wave, 234–236
second wave, 236–238
third wave, 239–241
Innovations, 32, 33, 190
Bitcoin, 192–193
Institutional context, 13
Institutional embeddedness of categories, 230
“Institutional entrepreneurs”, 300
Institutional translation, 246–252
Insurance industry, 158
“Intelligent e-business solutions”, 155
Intermediaries, 260
case of Sundance Institute, 285
in category creation, 261
category formation, 287–288
in maintenance of market categories, 260
theoretical foundations, 262–266
International corporate law market, 336–338
International Finance Corporation (IFC), 119
Internet, 213–214, 239–241
Interpretive process, 158
Interview records, 234
Intraprofessional status, 37–39
Invariant behavioral tendency, 40–42
Involuntary resettlement, 133
Irrationality, 44–45
Labeling
persistence of labeling inconsistencies, 205, 207–208
process, 12
Labels, 194–195
exploring, 196
function, 92
misalignment between categories and, 195–196
Law firms, 337, 338–339
Legitimate commentary, 264
Leniency, 92–93
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT), 115
Magic quadrant reports, 86–87
issue, 98–100
logit models on, 102
negative binomial models on, 101
“Manufacturing” category, 190
Market
categorization, 4–5, 72–75, 81–82
as activation of cognitive processes, 6–9
perspectives, 5–6
research on, 5
as social process, 9–14
category, 114, 153, 281–282
intermediaries in maintenance of, 260
systems, 300
for cultural goods, 263
intermediaries, 83, 84–85
label, 194
makers, 32
participants, 153
power dynamics among market participants, 159–160
stakeholders, 164
“Meso-physics” labels, 166
Metadata repository, 87
Money-related innovation in United Kingdom, 191
barter to electronic payments, 191–192
Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), 267
Nanotechnology, 364–365
category, 166
label, 159–160
National Forestry Agency (NFA), 130, 131
National Nanotechnology Initiative, 160
“Natural categories”, 225
New Forests Company (NFC), 20, 114–115
New market, 260–261, 263
category, 261, 262, 264
Nominally differentiated category, 34
Nonintersecting knowledge domains, 211
Orders of worth, 230, 246–252
Organization theory, 4, 32, 39
Organizational identity, 331
Parametric models, 372
Peer-to-peer electronic cash system, 188
Politics, 115–116
Power, 115–116
dynamics, 20, 159–160
relations, 116–117
Privacy category, 231
Producer market category, 96–98
Producers categorization, 76–78
Proof process, 299, 303–304, 307, 312–313
Protocategory creation, 164–166
Prototype approach, 4
Prototype theory, 40
Radical innovation, 210
Relational similarity, 363–364
variable, 367–369
Rhetorical contestation, 246
Rhetorical elements, 158
Semi-structured interviews, 124, 266–267
Signaling, 12
“Single-layer depositioning” labels, 166
Social
boundaries, 169–170
categorization, 317
cognition, 309–311
mechanisms, 36
movements, 115
negotiation, 11
Social process, 4–5
actors, 9–11
acts of categorization, 12–13
categorization as, 9
context characteristics, 13
entity, 11
temporality aspects, 14
Social risks, 53–55
Socially responsible investing (SRI), 118
Sociology of markets, 4
Software producers, 94–96
Speculative markets, 60
Stakeholders, 153
Status, 33, 57
extraprofessional, 38–39
hierarchy, 57
high-status professionals, 41, 57
intraprofessional, 37–39
Stinchcombe’s imprinting, 307
Stock market, 60
analysts, 80
Strategic categorization, 72–74
goal-derived categories, 75–76
producers, 73–74, 76–78
software, 94–96
Sundance Institute, 261, 266, 272
Superordinate category, 211–213
Symbolic boundaries, 167–169
Taken-for-grantedness, 170–172
Technology sector, 85
Temporality aspects, 14
Theories of moral sentiments, 314
Theory of value, 33, 45, 331
variation in, 48–49
Translation processes, 241
OECD, 242
Truce process, 299, 305–307, 312, 315–316
“Typicality judgment” approach, 329, 331–334
Valuations process, 32–33, 45–46
Venture capitalists (VC), 32, 214
Vertical differentiation imperative, 44
Vertically differentiated category, 34
Virtual currency, 189, 203
World Health Organization (WHO), 313
Economic sociology
, 32
Empirical analyses
, 198
macro level
cluster analysis
, 201
within-cluster inconsistencies
, 201–203
meso level
, 203–205
micro level
, 205, 206
Enactment
, 11
Ethereum
, 189
Ethical investing
, 118
European Central Bank (ECB)
, 203
European Investment Bank (EIB)
, 119–120
European Union (EU)
, 239
Expertise
, 7, 197, 383
home category expertise
, 362–363
knowledge-based
, 320
scientific expertise
, 367
Extraprofessional status
, 38–39
Fair Information Practices Principles framework
, 237
Federal Electronic Communications Privacy Act
, 237–238
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
, 239, 251, 252
Fiat
, 299, 307, 312, 314–315
mechanism
, 22
process
, 304–305
Financial intermediaries
, 120
Firm’s tenure calculation
, 340–341
Foreign direct investment (FDI)
, 118–119
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)
, 129, 133
Framing techniques
, 75, 103
Full-service law firms
, 335, 337, 348
Fullerene
, 365, 366
Fund
, 117–118, 120, 126
“Futurist” community
, 166
Fuzziness
, 92–93
Genetic engineering, 172–173
Global impact investing network (GIIN), 121–124
Global impact investing rating system (GIIRS), 134–135
Goal-based approach, 7
Goal-derived categories, 75–76
Government record keeping and digital data banks, 236–238
Hannan et al.’s theory of organization forms, 39–40
Hazard rate models
competing, 358, 373, 380
continuous, 88, 90, 96
Heterogeneity, 157–158
High-status professionals, 41, 57, 61
“Home category”, 23, 358, 361
Horizontally differentiated category, 34
Hybrid categories, 114, 125
creating new knowledge and new collective identity, 126–128
data analysis, 124–125
data sources and data collection, 121–124
emergence of impact investing, 125–126
events, 126
market category, 114
membership for legitimacy transfer, 134–137
membership for political advantage, 132–134
political actions and outcomes, 138
as political devices, 114–115, 137
research context, 117–121
theoretical foundation, 115
politics, power, and categories, 115–116
and power relations, 116–117
weak institutional setting, 130–132
Identity
change in identity consensus level, 339
consensus, 339
implications for identity research, 350
politics, 55
“Impact investing” category, 126–127
emergence of, 125–126
Industry-based categorical imperative, 60–61
Information technology (IT), 85
Informational privacy, 226–227, 231, 234
first wave, 234–236
second wave, 236–238
third wave, 239–241
Innovations, 32, 33, 190
Bitcoin, 192–193
Institutional context, 13
Institutional embeddedness of categories, 230
“Institutional entrepreneurs”, 300
Institutional translation, 246–252
Insurance industry, 158
“Intelligent e-business solutions”, 155
Intermediaries, 260
case of Sundance Institute, 285
in category creation, 261
category formation, 287–288
in maintenance of market categories, 260
theoretical foundations, 262–266
International corporate law market, 336–338
International Finance Corporation (IFC), 119
Internet, 213–214, 239–241
Interpretive process, 158
Interview records, 234
Intraprofessional status, 37–39
Invariant behavioral tendency, 40–42
Involuntary resettlement, 133
Irrationality, 44–45
Labeling
persistence of labeling inconsistencies, 205, 207–208
process, 12
Labels, 194–195
exploring, 196
function, 92
misalignment between categories and, 195–196
Law firms, 337, 338–339
Legitimate commentary, 264
Leniency, 92–93
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT), 115
Magic quadrant reports, 86–87
issue, 98–100
logit models on, 102
negative binomial models on, 101
“Manufacturing” category, 190
Market
categorization, 4–5, 72–75, 81–82
as activation of cognitive processes, 6–9
perspectives, 5–6
research on, 5
as social process, 9–14
category, 114, 153, 281–282
intermediaries in maintenance of, 260
systems, 300
for cultural goods, 263
intermediaries, 83, 84–85
label, 194
makers, 32
participants, 153
power dynamics among market participants, 159–160
stakeholders, 164
“Meso-physics” labels, 166
Metadata repository, 87
Money-related innovation in United Kingdom, 191
barter to electronic payments, 191–192
Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), 267
Nanotechnology, 364–365
category, 166
label, 159–160
National Forestry Agency (NFA), 130, 131
National Nanotechnology Initiative, 160
“Natural categories”, 225
New Forests Company (NFC), 20, 114–115
New market, 260–261, 263
category, 261, 262, 264
Nominally differentiated category, 34
Nonintersecting knowledge domains, 211
Orders of worth, 230, 246–252
Organization theory, 4, 32, 39
Organizational identity, 331
Parametric models, 372
Peer-to-peer electronic cash system, 188
Politics, 115–116
Power, 115–116
dynamics, 20, 159–160
relations, 116–117
Privacy category, 231
Producer market category, 96–98
Producers categorization, 76–78
Proof process, 299, 303–304, 307, 312–313
Protocategory creation, 164–166
Prototype approach, 4
Prototype theory, 40
Radical innovation, 210
Relational similarity, 363–364
variable, 367–369
Rhetorical contestation, 246
Rhetorical elements, 158
Semi-structured interviews, 124, 266–267
Signaling, 12
“Single-layer depositioning” labels, 166
Social
boundaries, 169–170
categorization, 317
cognition, 309–311
mechanisms, 36
movements, 115
negotiation, 11
Social process, 4–5
actors, 9–11
acts of categorization, 12–13
categorization as, 9
context characteristics, 13
entity, 11
temporality aspects, 14
Social risks, 53–55
Socially responsible investing (SRI), 118
Sociology of markets, 4
Software producers, 94–96
Speculative markets, 60
Stakeholders, 153
Status, 33, 57
extraprofessional, 38–39
hierarchy, 57
high-status professionals, 41, 57
intraprofessional, 37–39
Stinchcombe’s imprinting, 307
Stock market, 60
analysts, 80
Strategic categorization, 72–74
goal-derived categories, 75–76
producers, 73–74, 76–78
software, 94–96
Sundance Institute, 261, 266, 272
Superordinate category, 211–213
Symbolic boundaries, 167–169
Taken-for-grantedness, 170–172
Technology sector, 85
Temporality aspects, 14
Theories of moral sentiments, 314
Theory of value, 33, 45, 331
variation in, 48–49
Translation processes, 241
OECD, 242
Truce process, 299, 305–307, 312, 315–316
“Typicality judgment” approach, 329, 331–334
Valuations process, 32–33, 45–46
Venture capitalists (VC), 32, 214
Vertical differentiation imperative, 44
Vertically differentiated category, 34
Virtual currency, 189, 203
World Health Organization (WHO), 313
Genetic engineering
, 172–173
Global impact investing network (GIIN)
, 121–124
Global impact investing rating system (GIIRS)
, 134–135
Goal-based approach
, 7
Goal-derived categories
, 75–76
Government record keeping and digital data banks
, 236–238
Hannan et al.’s theory of organization forms
, 39–40
Hazard rate models
competing
, 358, 373, 380
continuous
, 88, 90, 96
Heterogeneity
, 157–158
High-status professionals
, 41, 57, 61
“Home category”
, 23, 358, 361
Horizontally differentiated category
, 34
Hybrid categories
, 114, 125
creating new knowledge and new collective identity
, 126–128
data analysis
, 124–125
data sources and data collection
, 121–124
emergence of impact investing
, 125–126
events
, 126
market category
, 114
membership for legitimacy transfer
, 134–137
membership for political advantage
, 132–134
political actions and outcomes
, 138
as political devices
, 114–115, 137
research context
, 117–121
theoretical foundation
, 115
politics, power, and categories
, 115–116
and power relations
, 116–117
weak institutional setting
, 130–132
Identity
change in identity consensus level, 339
consensus, 339
implications for identity research, 350
politics, 55
“Impact investing” category, 126–127
emergence of, 125–126
Industry-based categorical imperative, 60–61
Information technology (IT), 85
Informational privacy, 226–227, 231, 234
first wave, 234–236
second wave, 236–238
third wave, 239–241
Innovations, 32, 33, 190
Bitcoin, 192–193
Institutional context, 13
Institutional embeddedness of categories, 230
“Institutional entrepreneurs”, 300
Institutional translation, 246–252
Insurance industry, 158
“Intelligent e-business solutions”, 155
Intermediaries, 260
case of Sundance Institute, 285
in category creation, 261
category formation, 287–288
in maintenance of market categories, 260
theoretical foundations, 262–266
International corporate law market, 336–338
International Finance Corporation (IFC), 119
Internet, 213–214, 239–241
Interpretive process, 158
Interview records, 234
Intraprofessional status, 37–39
Invariant behavioral tendency, 40–42
Involuntary resettlement, 133
Irrationality, 44–45
Labeling
persistence of labeling inconsistencies, 205, 207–208
process, 12
Labels, 194–195
exploring, 196
function, 92
misalignment between categories and, 195–196
Law firms, 337, 338–339
Legitimate commentary, 264
Leniency, 92–93
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT), 115
Magic quadrant reports, 86–87
issue, 98–100
logit models on, 102
negative binomial models on, 101
“Manufacturing” category, 190
Market
categorization, 4–5, 72–75, 81–82
as activation of cognitive processes, 6–9
perspectives, 5–6
research on, 5
as social process, 9–14
category, 114, 153, 281–282
intermediaries in maintenance of, 260
systems, 300
for cultural goods, 263
intermediaries, 83, 84–85
label, 194
makers, 32
participants, 153
power dynamics among market participants, 159–160
stakeholders, 164
“Meso-physics” labels, 166
Metadata repository, 87
Money-related innovation in United Kingdom, 191
barter to electronic payments, 191–192
Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), 267
Nanotechnology, 364–365
category, 166
label, 159–160
National Forestry Agency (NFA), 130, 131
National Nanotechnology Initiative, 160
“Natural categories”, 225
New Forests Company (NFC), 20, 114–115
New market, 260–261, 263
category, 261, 262, 264
Nominally differentiated category, 34
Nonintersecting knowledge domains, 211
Orders of worth, 230, 246–252
Organization theory, 4, 32, 39
Organizational identity, 331
Parametric models, 372
Peer-to-peer electronic cash system, 188
Politics, 115–116
Power, 115–116
dynamics, 20, 159–160
relations, 116–117
Privacy category, 231
Producer market category, 96–98
Producers categorization, 76–78
Proof process, 299, 303–304, 307, 312–313
Protocategory creation, 164–166
Prototype approach, 4
Prototype theory, 40
Radical innovation, 210
Relational similarity, 363–364
variable, 367–369
Rhetorical contestation, 246
Rhetorical elements, 158
Semi-structured interviews, 124, 266–267
Signaling, 12
“Single-layer depositioning” labels, 166
Social
boundaries, 169–170
categorization, 317
cognition, 309–311
mechanisms, 36
movements, 115
negotiation, 11
Social process, 4–5
actors, 9–11
acts of categorization, 12–13
categorization as, 9
context characteristics, 13
entity, 11
temporality aspects, 14
Social risks, 53–55
Socially responsible investing (SRI), 118
Sociology of markets, 4
Software producers, 94–96
Speculative markets, 60
Stakeholders, 153
Status, 33, 57
extraprofessional, 38–39
hierarchy, 57
high-status professionals, 41, 57
intraprofessional, 37–39
Stinchcombe’s imprinting, 307
Stock market, 60
analysts, 80
Strategic categorization, 72–74
goal-derived categories, 75–76
producers, 73–74, 76–78
software, 94–96
Sundance Institute, 261, 266, 272
Superordinate category, 211–213
Symbolic boundaries, 167–169
Taken-for-grantedness, 170–172
Technology sector, 85
Temporality aspects, 14
Theories of moral sentiments, 314
Theory of value, 33, 45, 331
variation in, 48–49
Translation processes, 241
OECD, 242
Truce process, 299, 305–307, 312, 315–316
“Typicality judgment” approach, 329, 331–334
Valuations process, 32–33, 45–46
Venture capitalists (VC), 32, 214
Vertical differentiation imperative, 44
Vertically differentiated category, 34
Virtual currency, 189, 203
World Health Organization (WHO), 313
Identity
change in identity consensus level
, 339
consensus
, 339
implications for identity research
, 350
politics
, 55
“Impact investing” category
, 126–127
emergence of
, 125–126
Industry-based categorical imperative
, 60–61
Information technology (IT)
, 85
Informational privacy
, 226–227, 231, 234
first wave
, 234–236
second wave
, 236–238
third wave
, 239–241
Innovations
, 32, 33, 190
Bitcoin
, 192–193
Institutional context
, 13
Institutional embeddedness of categories
, 230
“Institutional entrepreneurs”
, 300
Institutional translation
, 246–252
Insurance industry
, 158
“Intelligent e-business solutions”
, 155
Intermediaries
, 260
case of Sundance Institute
, 285
in category creation
, 261
category formation
, 287–288
in maintenance of market categories
, 260
theoretical foundations
, 262–266
International corporate law market
, 336–338
International Finance Corporation (IFC)
, 119
Internet
, 213–214, 239–241
Interpretive process
, 158
Interview records
, 234
Intraprofessional status
, 37–39
Invariant behavioral tendency
, 40–42
Involuntary resettlement
, 133
Irrationality
, 44–45
Labeling
persistence of labeling inconsistencies
, 205, 207–208
process
, 12
Labels
, 194–195
exploring
, 196
function
, 92
misalignment between categories and
, 195–196
Law firms
, 337, 338–339
Legitimate commentary
, 264
Leniency
, 92–93
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT)
, 115
Magic quadrant reports, 86–87
issue, 98–100
logit models on, 102
negative binomial models on, 101
“Manufacturing” category, 190
Market
categorization, 4–5, 72–75, 81–82
as activation of cognitive processes, 6–9
perspectives, 5–6
research on, 5
as social process, 9–14
category, 114, 153, 281–282
intermediaries in maintenance of, 260
systems, 300
for cultural goods, 263
intermediaries, 83, 84–85
label, 194
makers, 32
participants, 153
power dynamics among market participants, 159–160
stakeholders, 164
“Meso-physics” labels, 166
Metadata repository, 87
Money-related innovation in United Kingdom, 191
barter to electronic payments, 191–192
Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), 267
Nanotechnology, 364–365
category, 166
label, 159–160
National Forestry Agency (NFA), 130, 131
National Nanotechnology Initiative, 160
“Natural categories”, 225
New Forests Company (NFC), 20, 114–115
New market, 260–261, 263
category, 261, 262, 264
Nominally differentiated category, 34
Nonintersecting knowledge domains, 211
Orders of worth, 230, 246–252
Organization theory, 4, 32, 39
Organizational identity, 331
Parametric models, 372
Peer-to-peer electronic cash system, 188
Politics, 115–116
Power, 115–116
dynamics, 20, 159–160
relations, 116–117
Privacy category, 231
Producer market category, 96–98
Producers categorization, 76–78
Proof process, 299, 303–304, 307, 312–313
Protocategory creation, 164–166
Prototype approach, 4
Prototype theory, 40
Radical innovation, 210
Relational similarity, 363–364
variable, 367–369
Rhetorical contestation, 246
Rhetorical elements, 158
Semi-structured interviews, 124, 266–267
Signaling, 12
“Single-layer depositioning” labels, 166
Social
boundaries, 169–170
categorization, 317
cognition, 309–311
mechanisms, 36
movements, 115
negotiation, 11
Social process, 4–5
actors, 9–11
acts of categorization, 12–13
categorization as, 9
context characteristics, 13
entity, 11
temporality aspects, 14
Social risks, 53–55
Socially responsible investing (SRI), 118
Sociology of markets, 4
Software producers, 94–96
Speculative markets, 60
Stakeholders, 153
Status, 33, 57
extraprofessional, 38–39
hierarchy, 57
high-status professionals, 41, 57
intraprofessional, 37–39
Stinchcombe’s imprinting, 307
Stock market, 60
analysts, 80
Strategic categorization, 72–74
goal-derived categories, 75–76
producers, 73–74, 76–78
software, 94–96
Sundance Institute, 261, 266, 272
Superordinate category, 211–213
Symbolic boundaries, 167–169
Taken-for-grantedness, 170–172
Technology sector, 85
Temporality aspects, 14
Theories of moral sentiments, 314
Theory of value, 33, 45, 331
variation in, 48–49
Translation processes, 241
OECD, 242
Truce process, 299, 305–307, 312, 315–316
“Typicality judgment” approach, 329, 331–334
Valuations process, 32–33, 45–46
Venture capitalists (VC), 32, 214
Vertical differentiation imperative, 44
Vertically differentiated category, 34
Virtual currency, 189, 203
World Health Organization (WHO), 313
Magic quadrant reports
, 86–87
issue
, 98–100
logit models on
, 102
negative binomial models on
, 101
“Manufacturing” category
, 190
Market
categorization
, 4–5, 72–75, 81–82
as activation of cognitive processes
, 6–9
perspectives
, 5–6
research on
, 5
as social process
, 9–14
category
, 114, 153, 281–282
intermediaries in maintenance of
, 260
systems
, 300
for cultural goods
, 263
intermediaries
, 83, 84–85
label
, 194
makers
, 32
participants
, 153
power dynamics among market participants
, 159–160
stakeholders
, 164
“Meso-physics” labels
, 166
Metadata repository
, 87
Money-related innovation in United Kingdom
, 191
barter to electronic payments
, 191–192
Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA)
, 267
Nanotechnology
, 364–365
category
, 166
label
, 159–160
National Forestry Agency (NFA)
, 130, 131
National Nanotechnology Initiative
, 160
“Natural categories”
, 225
New Forests Company (NFC)
, 20, 114–115
New market
, 260–261, 263
category
, 261, 262, 264
Nominally differentiated category
, 34
Nonintersecting knowledge domains
, 211
Orders of worth, 230, 246–252
Organization theory, 4, 32, 39
Organizational identity, 331
Parametric models, 372
Peer-to-peer electronic cash system, 188
Politics, 115–116
Power, 115–116
dynamics, 20, 159–160
relations, 116–117
Privacy category, 231
Producer market category, 96–98
Producers categorization, 76–78
Proof process, 299, 303–304, 307, 312–313
Protocategory creation, 164–166
Prototype approach, 4
Prototype theory, 40
Radical innovation, 210
Relational similarity, 363–364
variable, 367–369
Rhetorical contestation, 246
Rhetorical elements, 158
Semi-structured interviews, 124, 266–267
Signaling, 12
“Single-layer depositioning” labels, 166
Social
boundaries, 169–170
categorization, 317
cognition, 309–311
mechanisms, 36
movements, 115
negotiation, 11
Social process, 4–5
actors, 9–11
acts of categorization, 12–13
categorization as, 9
context characteristics, 13
entity, 11
temporality aspects, 14
Social risks, 53–55
Socially responsible investing (SRI), 118
Sociology of markets, 4
Software producers, 94–96
Speculative markets, 60
Stakeholders, 153
Status, 33, 57
extraprofessional, 38–39
hierarchy, 57
high-status professionals, 41, 57
intraprofessional, 37–39
Stinchcombe’s imprinting, 307
Stock market, 60
analysts, 80
Strategic categorization, 72–74
goal-derived categories, 75–76
producers, 73–74, 76–78
software, 94–96
Sundance Institute, 261, 266, 272
Superordinate category, 211–213
Symbolic boundaries, 167–169
Taken-for-grantedness, 170–172
Technology sector, 85
Temporality aspects, 14
Theories of moral sentiments, 314
Theory of value, 33, 45, 331
variation in, 48–49
Translation processes, 241
OECD, 242
Truce process, 299, 305–307, 312, 315–316
“Typicality judgment” approach, 329, 331–334
Valuations process, 32–33, 45–46
Venture capitalists (VC), 32, 214
Vertical differentiation imperative, 44
Vertically differentiated category, 34
Virtual currency, 189, 203
World Health Organization (WHO), 313
Orders of worth
, 230, 246–252
Organization theory
, 4, 32, 39
Organizational identity
, 331
Parametric models
, 372
Peer-to-peer electronic cash system
, 188
Politics
, 115–116
Power
, 115–116
dynamics
, 20, 159–160
relations
, 116–117
Privacy category
, 231
Producer market category
, 96–98
Producers categorization
, 76–78
Proof process
, 299, 303–304, 307, 312–313
Protocategory creation
, 164–166
Prototype approach
, 4
Prototype theory
, 40
Radical innovation, 210
Relational similarity, 363–364
variable, 367–369
Rhetorical contestation, 246
Rhetorical elements, 158
Semi-structured interviews, 124, 266–267
Signaling, 12
“Single-layer depositioning” labels, 166
Social
boundaries, 169–170
categorization, 317
cognition, 309–311
mechanisms, 36
movements, 115
negotiation, 11
Social process, 4–5
actors, 9–11
acts of categorization, 12–13
categorization as, 9
context characteristics, 13
entity, 11
temporality aspects, 14
Social risks, 53–55
Socially responsible investing (SRI), 118
Sociology of markets, 4
Software producers, 94–96
Speculative markets, 60
Stakeholders, 153
Status, 33, 57
extraprofessional, 38–39
hierarchy, 57
high-status professionals, 41, 57
intraprofessional, 37–39
Stinchcombe’s imprinting, 307
Stock market, 60
analysts, 80
Strategic categorization, 72–74
goal-derived categories, 75–76
producers, 73–74, 76–78
software, 94–96
Sundance Institute, 261, 266, 272
Superordinate category, 211–213
Symbolic boundaries, 167–169
Taken-for-grantedness, 170–172
Technology sector, 85
Temporality aspects, 14
Theories of moral sentiments, 314
Theory of value, 33, 45, 331
variation in, 48–49
Translation processes, 241
OECD, 242
Truce process, 299, 305–307, 312, 315–316
“Typicality judgment” approach, 329, 331–334
Valuations process, 32–33, 45–46
Venture capitalists (VC), 32, 214
Vertical differentiation imperative, 44
Vertically differentiated category, 34
Virtual currency, 189, 203
World Health Organization (WHO), 313
Radical innovation
, 210
Relational similarity
, 363–364
variable
, 367–369
Rhetorical contestation
, 246
Rhetorical elements
, 158
Semi-structured interviews
, 124, 266–267
Signaling
, 12
“Single-layer depositioning” labels
, 166
Social
boundaries
, 169–170
categorization
, 317
cognition
, 309–311
mechanisms
, 36
movements
, 115
negotiation
, 11
Social process
, 4–5
actors
, 9–11
acts of categorization
, 12–13
categorization as
, 9
context characteristics
, 13
entity
, 11
temporality aspects
, 14
Social risks
, 53–55
Socially responsible investing (SRI)
, 118
Sociology of markets
, 4
Software producers
, 94–96
Speculative markets
, 60
Stakeholders
, 153
Status
, 33, 57
extraprofessional
, 38–39
hierarchy
, 57
high-status professionals
, 41, 57
intraprofessional
, 37–39
Stinchcombe’s imprinting
, 307
Stock market
, 60
analysts
, 80
Strategic categorization
, 72–74
goal-derived categories
, 75–76
producers
, 73–74, 76–78
software
, 94–96
Sundance Institute
, 261, 266, 272
Superordinate category
, 211–213
Symbolic boundaries
, 167–169
Taken-for-grantedness, 170–172
Technology sector, 85
Temporality aspects, 14
Theories of moral sentiments, 314
Theory of value, 33, 45, 331
variation in, 48–49
Translation processes, 241
OECD, 242
Truce process, 299, 305–307, 312, 315–316
“Typicality judgment” approach, 329, 331–334
Valuations process, 32–33, 45–46
Venture capitalists (VC), 32, 214
Vertical differentiation imperative, 44
Vertically differentiated category, 34
Virtual currency, 189, 203
World Health Organization (WHO), 313
Taken-for-grantedness
, 170–172
Technology sector
, 85
Temporality aspects
, 14
Theories of moral sentiments
, 314
Theory of value
, 33, 45, 331
variation in
, 48–49
Translation processes
, 241
OECD
, 242
Truce process
, 299, 305–307, 312, 315–316
“Typicality judgment” approach
, 329, 331–334
Valuations process
, 32–33, 45–46
Venture capitalists (VC)
, 32, 214
Vertical differentiation imperative
, 44
Vertically differentiated category
, 34
Virtual currency
, 189, 203
World Health Organization (WHO), 313
World Health Organization (WHO)
, 313
- Prelims
- Section I: Introduction
- From Categories to Categorization: A Social Perspective on Market Categorization
- The Categorical Imperative Revisited: Implications of Categorization as a Theoretical Tool
- Section II: Categorization as Politics and Strategy
- Strategic Categorization
- Hybrid Categories as Political Devices: The Case of Impact Investing in Frontier Markets
- The Discursive Perspective of Market Categorization: Interaction, Power, and Context
- Section III: Categorizing the Unknown
- Categorical Anarchy in the UK? The British Media’s Classification of Bitcoin and the Limits of Categorization
- Privacy in Public: Translating the Category of Privacy to the Digital Age
- The Importance of Being Independent: The Role of Intermediaries in Creating Market Categories
- Section IV: Times and Places of Categorization
- Things That Last? Category Creation, Imprinting, and Durability
- Forging Consensus: An Integrated View of How Categories Shape the Perception of Organizational Identity
- Opportunity, Status, and Similarity: Exploring the Varied Antecedents and Outcomes of Category Spanning Innovation
- About the Authors
- Index