Index
ISBN: 978-1-80262-242-3, eISBN: 978-1-80262-241-6
ISSN: 0278-1204
Publication date: 8 December 2021
Citation
(2021), "Index", Dahms, H.F. (Ed.) Society in Flux (Current Perspectives in Social Theory, Vol. 37), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 219-223. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0278-120420210000037008
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2022 Harry F. Dahms. Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Ad infinitum
, 92
Administered worlds, 6–7, 28, 39–40
Adorno, Theodor W., 4
Affirmative approaches, 90
AGIL scheme, 200
Alienation as self-generated domination, 95–96
Alternative communications, 181–185
American environmental sociology, 91
American sociology, 163, 176
Anonymous processes, 43–44
Anti-immigrant right-wing populism, 160
Apparent gap, 160
Appearance (Erscheinung), 67–68
of perception, 203–206
Artificial intelligence (AI), 35–36
Authoritarian personalities, 6–7, 28, 39–40
Autonomy of individual, 5
Autopoietic period, 201–208
appearance of perception, 203–206
consciousness, 206–208
operation of psychic system, 201–203
Autopoietic systems theory, 194
Benjamin, Walter, 4
Biodiversity loss, 90
Bourdieu, Pierre, 126
Bureaucratic predictability, 8–9
Capital, 100–102
accumulation, 7–9
induced planetary degradation, 90
in ToP theory, 93–94
Capitalism, 7–8, 97
Class pride, 121–122
Classical critical theory, 9
Climate justice movement, 106
Cloud Atlas
, 11–12
Coemerging, 6–7
Cognitive economy, 69–70
Commodity fetishism, 7–8
Commodity-determined labor, double character of, 97–98
Communication, 170–172
Comte, Auguste, 138
deconstructing Comte’s founding narrative, 139–143
describing subject matter, describing self, 142–143
new science for new subject matter, 139–142
Conscience, 198–200
Conscious, 208
Consciousness, 194, 198, 200, 206, 208
Constitutional logic, 21
of modern society, 8–11, 46, 48
Consumerism, 7–8
Contemporary ecological crisis, 90
Contemporary environmentalism, 105–106
Crisis of democracy, 5–6
Critical social theories, 7
Critical theory, 4, 14, 18, 23, 60, 63, 163
Frankfurt and Cornelius, 61–63
Horkheimer’s work, 63–77
mainstreaming of, 23–28
of modern capitalist society, 90
myth of Freud, 60–61
Criticism, 138
Critique political economy, 93–94
Culture industry, 9
De facto principles, 12
Deliberative democracy, 164
Democracy, 5
Democratic forms of governance, 5
Dialectic of Enlightenment
, 15–16
Dialectic of transformation and reconstitution, 102–105
Differentiation, 8–9, 170, 172
Distinctive theory, 130–132
Domestication of Marx’s critique, 93–94
Double character of commodity-determined labor, 97–98
Dual crisis of labor and environment, 100–102
Durkheim, Émile, 7–8, 139, 162–163
Ecological modernization theory, 90
Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, 95
Economic prosperity, 8–9
Eigengesetzlichkeit
, 21
Encyclopedic law, 141–142
Enlightenment, 7–8, 161, 165
sociological knowledge and, 165–167
Environmental sociology, 91
Erfahrung
, 196–197
Erleben
, 196–197
European Enlightenment, 161
Evolution, 170–172
theory, 146
Fascism, 114
Figurative sociology, 149
Financial debt, 35–36
Financialization, 105–106
“Founding fathers”, 138
Founding figures
historical contextualization, 147–148
reconstructing, 147–150
sociological, 148–150
Frankfurt School, 4, 6
critical theorizing, 12–13
early Frankfurt School, 13, 18, 23
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (F. A. Z.), 29–30
Fromm, Erich, 4
Geiger, Theodor, 114–115
General interest of society, 4
German Revolution (1918), 13–14
Gestalt psychology, 60, 71–72
Gestalt school, 61
Gestalt theory, 60–63
Frankfurt and Cornelius, 61–63
myth of Freud, 60–61
Global warming, 90
Gravity of sociohistorical circumstances, 18–23
Great Depression, 4
Great man theory, 144
Grundrisse
, 97
Habermas, Jürgen, 163
Hegelian version of Marxism, 60
Heteronomy, 6–7
disconcerting challenge of, 7–9
Heteroreference, 206–207
Historical materialism, 14–15
Homo oeconomicus
, 180–181
Horkheimer, Max, 4, 60
analysis, 65–67
and development of critical theory, 70–71
Hegel and return to Productive Imagination, 73
on imagination, 75–77
Kant’s mediators, 64–65
Marcuse’s imagination, 73–75
objective reason, 71–73
organism and Gestalt, 67–70
work, 63–77
Humanness, 95
Identity-thinking, 17–18
Imagination, 69
Horkheimer on imagination, 75–77
Marcuse’s imagination, 73–75
In-conscious, 208
Individual-modern society, 8–9
Individuality, 146
Intentionality, 206–207
Italian fascism, 4
Kant’s theory of judgment, 60
Kantian philosophy, 9
Kantian-Habermasian, 164
view of sociological enlightenment, 175–176
Labor efficiency, 8–9
Land degradation, 90
Language, 194–195
Law of value, 105
Lebensphilosophie
, 72
Lederer, Emil, 114
Neuer Mittelstand theory in light of some recent developments in stratification theory, 122–130
theory of Neuer Mittelstand
, 120–122
Legitimacy, 13–14
Life termination, 6–7
Logic of capital, 18, 21, 23
Lowenthal, Leo, 4
Luhmann, Niklas, 167
critiques of sociology, 160–161, 172, 177
theory of society, 167, 170, 172
Marcuse, Herbert, 60
imagination, 73–75
Marx’s critical theory, 94, 105–106
capital, 100–102
dialectic of transformation and reconstitution, 102–105
double character of commodity-determined labor, 97–98
nature of contradiction, 98
social practice and social mediation, 95–96
treadmill of production of value, 98–100
Marx’s critique of political economy, 93–94
Marxian critical theory framework, 105
Marxian theory, 21–22
Marxism, 60
Marxist-oriented environmental sociology, 90
Material wealth, 98
Mittelstandsklassen, 115
Modern age, 7–8
Modern society, 5–7
constitutional logic of, 46–48
origin and vanishing point of, 41–45
reality of, 7–8
social theory of, 6–7
Modern stratification theory, 114
Modernity, 161–162
Modernization processes, 15, 161–162
Multiple forms, 6–7
Natural resource depletion, 90
Nazism, 114
Neo-Kantianism, 63
“Neoliberal” capitalism, 105–106
Neoliberalism, 105–106
Neuer Mittelstand
, 116
Emil Lederer’s theory of, 120–122
theory in stratification theory, 122–130
Weber, Geiger, And Tönnies on, 114–119
New Left appropriation of Marx, 90
New Middle Class
distinctive theory, 130–132
Emil Lederer’s Neuer Mittelstand theory in stratification theory, 122–130
Emil Lederer’s theory of Neuer Mittelstand
, 120–122
theory of, 114
Weber, Geiger, And Tönnies on “Neuer Mittelstand”, 114–119
Nonhuman heteronomy, 7–8
Nonidentity, 17–18
Normalcy, 10–11
Onion, The
, 165
Operation of psychic system, 201–203
Order, 9–10
Originality, 146
Other-directedness, 9
Overcoming capitalism, 106
Perception, appearance of, 203–206
Personal system, 194, 198, 201
Personality, 198–200
Political economy, 90, 93–94
Pollock, Friedrich, 4
Populism, 128
Positivism, 140, 162
“Positivist” approaches, 21–22
Postone, Moishe, 30, 90, 93–106, 173
Preautopoietic period, 198–201
Productive imagination, 60
Hegel and return to, 73
Productivism, 106
Proletarianization process, 116–117
Protestant ethic, 7–8
Psychic element, 195
Psychic in Luhmann’s theory
autopoietic period, 201–208
preautopoietic period, 198–201
Psychic systems, 194
operation, 201–203
Public sphere, 34
Qua modern capitalism, 19
Rackets, 6–7, 28, 36, 39–40
Radical heteronomy, 41–45
“Radical” approach, 138
Rationalization, 8–9
Reality, 69
Reliability, 8–9
Republican forms of governance, 5
Rule of law, 5
Russian Revolution (1917), 13–14
Sanctity, 5
Schematism, 76
Science of society, 139
Self-descriptions, 7, 10, 160
of modern societies, 34
Self-generated domination, alienation as, 95–96
Self-reference, 206–207
Social change process, 12, 160
Social class, 114–115
Social degradation, 160
Social evolution, 181–185
Social justice, 160–161, 165, 181, 185
Social mediation, 95–96
Social practice, 95–96
Social stratification, 114–115
Social system, 194
Social theory. See also Critical theory, 5–6, 138–139
disconcerting challenge of heteronomy, 7–9
early Frankfurt School, 13, 18, 23
Frankfurt School, 4
mainstreaming of critical theory, 23–28
of modern society, 6–7
origin and vanishing point of modern society, 41–45
rackets, authoritarian personalities, and administered worlds, 28–40
terrifying prospect of vitacide, 9–13
Society, Luhmann’s theory of, 167, 170, 172
Sociological enlightenment, 173–174
Sociological errors, 167–170
Sociological founding figures, 148–150
Sociological imagination, 163
Sociological knowledge and enlightenment, 165–167
Sociology, 138, 160
deconstructing Comte’s founding narrative, 139–143
deconstructing Spencer’s founding narrative, 143–147
figuring alternative narratives, 150–152
Luhmann’s critiques of, 160–161, 172, 177
Luhmann’s theory of society, 167, 170, 172
reconstructing founding figures, 147–150
social justice, alternative communications, and social evolution, 181–185
social justice, enlightenment and, 161–165
sociological knowledge and enlightenment, 165–167
from sociological to social theory, 138–139
structural critique in classroom, conference, and journal, 177–181
Species extinction, 90
Spencer, Herbert, 138
“A Natural History of Myself”
, 145–147
deconstructing Spencer’s founding narrative, 143–147
studying evolution of the social aggregate, 143–145
Stratification theory, 122–130
System of personality, 194, 198, 201
Systems theory, 167
Technocracy, 128–129
Theory of society, 160, 167, 170, 172, 194–195
Thing (Ding), 67–68
Thought, 201–203
Tönnies, Ferdinand, 114
Treadmill of production (ToP), 91, 94
domestication of Marx’s critique, 93–94
Marx’s critical theory reconsidered, 94–105
neoliberalism and contemporary environmentalism, 105–106
of value, 98–100
Tribalism, 43
Unabridged dialectical logic, 17
University of Frankfurt, 61
“Value-free” sociology, 162–163
Values, 8–9, 91
as continual necessity of present, 102–105
treadmill of production of, 93–94, 98, 100
wealth vs., 98
Vermittlungsprobleme
, 62
Vitacide, 6–7, 41, 45
terrifying prospect of, 9–13
Water pollution, 90
Wealth, 91
value vs., 98
Weber, Max, 114, 139, 162–163
Weimar Sociology, 116
White-collar employees, 115
White-collar workers, 117
World War II (WWII), 91
Capital, 100–102
accumulation, 7–9
induced planetary degradation, 90
in ToP theory, 93–94
Capitalism, 7–8, 97
Class pride, 121–122
Classical critical theory, 9
Climate justice movement, 106
Cloud Atlas
, 11–12
Coemerging, 6–7
Cognitive economy, 69–70
Commodity fetishism, 7–8
Commodity-determined labor, double character of, 97–98
Communication, 170–172
Comte, Auguste, 138
deconstructing Comte’s founding narrative, 139–143
describing subject matter, describing self, 142–143
new science for new subject matter, 139–142
Conscience, 198–200
Conscious, 208
Consciousness, 194, 198, 200, 206, 208
Constitutional logic, 21
of modern society, 8–11, 46, 48
Consumerism, 7–8
Contemporary ecological crisis, 90
Contemporary environmentalism, 105–106
Crisis of democracy, 5–6
Critical social theories, 7
Critical theory, 4, 14, 18, 23, 60, 63, 163
Frankfurt and Cornelius, 61–63
Horkheimer’s work, 63–77
mainstreaming of, 23–28
of modern capitalist society, 90
myth of Freud, 60–61
Criticism, 138
Critique political economy, 93–94
Culture industry, 9
De facto principles, 12
Deliberative democracy, 164
Democracy, 5
Democratic forms of governance, 5
Dialectic of Enlightenment
, 15–16
Dialectic of transformation and reconstitution, 102–105
Differentiation, 8–9, 170, 172
Distinctive theory, 130–132
Domestication of Marx’s critique, 93–94
Double character of commodity-determined labor, 97–98
Dual crisis of labor and environment, 100–102
Durkheim, Émile, 7–8, 139, 162–163
Ecological modernization theory, 90
Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, 95
Economic prosperity, 8–9
Eigengesetzlichkeit
, 21
Encyclopedic law, 141–142
Enlightenment, 7–8, 161, 165
sociological knowledge and, 165–167
Environmental sociology, 91
Erfahrung
, 196–197
Erleben
, 196–197
European Enlightenment, 161
Evolution, 170–172
theory, 146
Fascism, 114
Figurative sociology, 149
Financial debt, 35–36
Financialization, 105–106
“Founding fathers”, 138
Founding figures
historical contextualization, 147–148
reconstructing, 147–150
sociological, 148–150
Frankfurt School, 4, 6
critical theorizing, 12–13
early Frankfurt School, 13, 18, 23
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (F. A. Z.), 29–30
Fromm, Erich, 4
Geiger, Theodor, 114–115
General interest of society, 4
German Revolution (1918), 13–14
Gestalt psychology, 60, 71–72
Gestalt school, 61
Gestalt theory, 60–63
Frankfurt and Cornelius, 61–63
myth of Freud, 60–61
Global warming, 90
Gravity of sociohistorical circumstances, 18–23
Great Depression, 4
Great man theory, 144
Grundrisse
, 97
Habermas, Jürgen, 163
Hegelian version of Marxism, 60
Heteronomy, 6–7
disconcerting challenge of, 7–9
Heteroreference, 206–207
Historical materialism, 14–15
Homo oeconomicus
, 180–181
Horkheimer, Max, 4, 60
analysis, 65–67
and development of critical theory, 70–71
Hegel and return to Productive Imagination, 73
on imagination, 75–77
Kant’s mediators, 64–65
Marcuse’s imagination, 73–75
objective reason, 71–73
organism and Gestalt, 67–70
work, 63–77
Humanness, 95
Identity-thinking, 17–18
Imagination, 69
Horkheimer on imagination, 75–77
Marcuse’s imagination, 73–75
In-conscious, 208
Individual-modern society, 8–9
Individuality, 146
Intentionality, 206–207
Italian fascism, 4
Kant’s theory of judgment, 60
Kantian philosophy, 9
Kantian-Habermasian, 164
view of sociological enlightenment, 175–176
Labor efficiency, 8–9
Land degradation, 90
Language, 194–195
Law of value, 105
Lebensphilosophie
, 72
Lederer, Emil, 114
Neuer Mittelstand theory in light of some recent developments in stratification theory, 122–130
theory of Neuer Mittelstand
, 120–122
Legitimacy, 13–14
Life termination, 6–7
Logic of capital, 18, 21, 23
Lowenthal, Leo, 4
Luhmann, Niklas, 167
critiques of sociology, 160–161, 172, 177
theory of society, 167, 170, 172
Marcuse, Herbert, 60
imagination, 73–75
Marx’s critical theory, 94, 105–106
capital, 100–102
dialectic of transformation and reconstitution, 102–105
double character of commodity-determined labor, 97–98
nature of contradiction, 98
social practice and social mediation, 95–96
treadmill of production of value, 98–100
Marx’s critique of political economy, 93–94
Marxian critical theory framework, 105
Marxian theory, 21–22
Marxism, 60
Marxist-oriented environmental sociology, 90
Material wealth, 98
Mittelstandsklassen, 115
Modern age, 7–8
Modern society, 5–7
constitutional logic of, 46–48
origin and vanishing point of, 41–45
reality of, 7–8
social theory of, 6–7
Modern stratification theory, 114
Modernity, 161–162
Modernization processes, 15, 161–162
Multiple forms, 6–7
Natural resource depletion, 90
Nazism, 114
Neo-Kantianism, 63
“Neoliberal” capitalism, 105–106
Neoliberalism, 105–106
Neuer Mittelstand
, 116
Emil Lederer’s theory of, 120–122
theory in stratification theory, 122–130
Weber, Geiger, And Tönnies on, 114–119
New Left appropriation of Marx, 90
New Middle Class
distinctive theory, 130–132
Emil Lederer’s Neuer Mittelstand theory in stratification theory, 122–130
Emil Lederer’s theory of Neuer Mittelstand
, 120–122
theory of, 114
Weber, Geiger, And Tönnies on “Neuer Mittelstand”, 114–119
Nonhuman heteronomy, 7–8
Nonidentity, 17–18
Normalcy, 10–11
Onion, The
, 165
Operation of psychic system, 201–203
Order, 9–10
Originality, 146
Other-directedness, 9
Overcoming capitalism, 106
Perception, appearance of, 203–206
Personal system, 194, 198, 201
Personality, 198–200
Political economy, 90, 93–94
Pollock, Friedrich, 4
Populism, 128
Positivism, 140, 162
“Positivist” approaches, 21–22
Postone, Moishe, 30, 90, 93–106, 173
Preautopoietic period, 198–201
Productive imagination, 60
Hegel and return to, 73
Productivism, 106
Proletarianization process, 116–117
Protestant ethic, 7–8
Psychic element, 195
Psychic in Luhmann’s theory
autopoietic period, 201–208
preautopoietic period, 198–201
Psychic systems, 194
operation, 201–203
Public sphere, 34
Qua modern capitalism, 19
Rackets, 6–7, 28, 36, 39–40
Radical heteronomy, 41–45
“Radical” approach, 138
Rationalization, 8–9
Reality, 69
Reliability, 8–9
Republican forms of governance, 5
Rule of law, 5
Russian Revolution (1917), 13–14
Sanctity, 5
Schematism, 76
Science of society, 139
Self-descriptions, 7, 10, 160
of modern societies, 34
Self-generated domination, alienation as, 95–96
Self-reference, 206–207
Social change process, 12, 160
Social class, 114–115
Social degradation, 160
Social evolution, 181–185
Social justice, 160–161, 165, 181, 185
Social mediation, 95–96
Social practice, 95–96
Social stratification, 114–115
Social system, 194
Social theory. See also Critical theory, 5–6, 138–139
disconcerting challenge of heteronomy, 7–9
early Frankfurt School, 13, 18, 23
Frankfurt School, 4
mainstreaming of critical theory, 23–28
of modern society, 6–7
origin and vanishing point of modern society, 41–45
rackets, authoritarian personalities, and administered worlds, 28–40
terrifying prospect of vitacide, 9–13
Society, Luhmann’s theory of, 167, 170, 172
Sociological enlightenment, 173–174
Sociological errors, 167–170
Sociological founding figures, 148–150
Sociological imagination, 163
Sociological knowledge and enlightenment, 165–167
Sociology, 138, 160
deconstructing Comte’s founding narrative, 139–143
deconstructing Spencer’s founding narrative, 143–147
figuring alternative narratives, 150–152
Luhmann’s critiques of, 160–161, 172, 177
Luhmann’s theory of society, 167, 170, 172
reconstructing founding figures, 147–150
social justice, alternative communications, and social evolution, 181–185
social justice, enlightenment and, 161–165
sociological knowledge and enlightenment, 165–167
from sociological to social theory, 138–139
structural critique in classroom, conference, and journal, 177–181
Species extinction, 90
Spencer, Herbert, 138
“A Natural History of Myself”
, 145–147
deconstructing Spencer’s founding narrative, 143–147
studying evolution of the social aggregate, 143–145
Stratification theory, 122–130
System of personality, 194, 198, 201
Systems theory, 167
Technocracy, 128–129
Theory of society, 160, 167, 170, 172, 194–195
Thing (Ding), 67–68
Thought, 201–203
Tönnies, Ferdinand, 114
Treadmill of production (ToP), 91, 94
domestication of Marx’s critique, 93–94
Marx’s critical theory reconsidered, 94–105
neoliberalism and contemporary environmentalism, 105–106
of value, 98–100
Tribalism, 43
Unabridged dialectical logic, 17
University of Frankfurt, 61
“Value-free” sociology, 162–163
Values, 8–9, 91
as continual necessity of present, 102–105
treadmill of production of, 93–94, 98, 100
wealth vs., 98
Vermittlungsprobleme
, 62
Vitacide, 6–7, 41, 45
terrifying prospect of, 9–13
Water pollution, 90
Wealth, 91
value vs., 98
Weber, Max, 114, 139, 162–163
Weimar Sociology, 116
White-collar employees, 115
White-collar workers, 117
World War II (WWII), 91
Ecological modernization theory, 90
Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, 95
Economic prosperity, 8–9
Eigengesetzlichkeit
, 21
Encyclopedic law, 141–142
Enlightenment, 7–8, 161, 165
sociological knowledge and, 165–167
Environmental sociology, 91
Erfahrung
, 196–197
Erleben
, 196–197
European Enlightenment, 161
Evolution, 170–172
theory, 146
Fascism, 114
Figurative sociology, 149
Financial debt, 35–36
Financialization, 105–106
“Founding fathers”, 138
Founding figures
historical contextualization, 147–148
reconstructing, 147–150
sociological, 148–150
Frankfurt School, 4, 6
critical theorizing, 12–13
early Frankfurt School, 13, 18, 23
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (F. A. Z.), 29–30
Fromm, Erich, 4
Geiger, Theodor, 114–115
General interest of society, 4
German Revolution (1918), 13–14
Gestalt psychology, 60, 71–72
Gestalt school, 61
Gestalt theory, 60–63
Frankfurt and Cornelius, 61–63
myth of Freud, 60–61
Global warming, 90
Gravity of sociohistorical circumstances, 18–23
Great Depression, 4
Great man theory, 144
Grundrisse
, 97
Habermas, Jürgen, 163
Hegelian version of Marxism, 60
Heteronomy, 6–7
disconcerting challenge of, 7–9
Heteroreference, 206–207
Historical materialism, 14–15
Homo oeconomicus
, 180–181
Horkheimer, Max, 4, 60
analysis, 65–67
and development of critical theory, 70–71
Hegel and return to Productive Imagination, 73
on imagination, 75–77
Kant’s mediators, 64–65
Marcuse’s imagination, 73–75
objective reason, 71–73
organism and Gestalt, 67–70
work, 63–77
Humanness, 95
Identity-thinking, 17–18
Imagination, 69
Horkheimer on imagination, 75–77
Marcuse’s imagination, 73–75
In-conscious, 208
Individual-modern society, 8–9
Individuality, 146
Intentionality, 206–207
Italian fascism, 4
Kant’s theory of judgment, 60
Kantian philosophy, 9
Kantian-Habermasian, 164
view of sociological enlightenment, 175–176
Labor efficiency, 8–9
Land degradation, 90
Language, 194–195
Law of value, 105
Lebensphilosophie
, 72
Lederer, Emil, 114
Neuer Mittelstand theory in light of some recent developments in stratification theory, 122–130
theory of Neuer Mittelstand
, 120–122
Legitimacy, 13–14
Life termination, 6–7
Logic of capital, 18, 21, 23
Lowenthal, Leo, 4
Luhmann, Niklas, 167
critiques of sociology, 160–161, 172, 177
theory of society, 167, 170, 172
Marcuse, Herbert, 60
imagination, 73–75
Marx’s critical theory, 94, 105–106
capital, 100–102
dialectic of transformation and reconstitution, 102–105
double character of commodity-determined labor, 97–98
nature of contradiction, 98
social practice and social mediation, 95–96
treadmill of production of value, 98–100
Marx’s critique of political economy, 93–94
Marxian critical theory framework, 105
Marxian theory, 21–22
Marxism, 60
Marxist-oriented environmental sociology, 90
Material wealth, 98
Mittelstandsklassen, 115
Modern age, 7–8
Modern society, 5–7
constitutional logic of, 46–48
origin and vanishing point of, 41–45
reality of, 7–8
social theory of, 6–7
Modern stratification theory, 114
Modernity, 161–162
Modernization processes, 15, 161–162
Multiple forms, 6–7
Natural resource depletion, 90
Nazism, 114
Neo-Kantianism, 63
“Neoliberal” capitalism, 105–106
Neoliberalism, 105–106
Neuer Mittelstand
, 116
Emil Lederer’s theory of, 120–122
theory in stratification theory, 122–130
Weber, Geiger, And Tönnies on, 114–119
New Left appropriation of Marx, 90
New Middle Class
distinctive theory, 130–132
Emil Lederer’s Neuer Mittelstand theory in stratification theory, 122–130
Emil Lederer’s theory of Neuer Mittelstand
, 120–122
theory of, 114
Weber, Geiger, And Tönnies on “Neuer Mittelstand”, 114–119
Nonhuman heteronomy, 7–8
Nonidentity, 17–18
Normalcy, 10–11
Onion, The
, 165
Operation of psychic system, 201–203
Order, 9–10
Originality, 146
Other-directedness, 9
Overcoming capitalism, 106
Perception, appearance of, 203–206
Personal system, 194, 198, 201
Personality, 198–200
Political economy, 90, 93–94
Pollock, Friedrich, 4
Populism, 128
Positivism, 140, 162
“Positivist” approaches, 21–22
Postone, Moishe, 30, 90, 93–106, 173
Preautopoietic period, 198–201
Productive imagination, 60
Hegel and return to, 73
Productivism, 106
Proletarianization process, 116–117
Protestant ethic, 7–8
Psychic element, 195
Psychic in Luhmann’s theory
autopoietic period, 201–208
preautopoietic period, 198–201
Psychic systems, 194
operation, 201–203
Public sphere, 34
Qua modern capitalism, 19
Rackets, 6–7, 28, 36, 39–40
Radical heteronomy, 41–45
“Radical” approach, 138
Rationalization, 8–9
Reality, 69
Reliability, 8–9
Republican forms of governance, 5
Rule of law, 5
Russian Revolution (1917), 13–14
Sanctity, 5
Schematism, 76
Science of society, 139
Self-descriptions, 7, 10, 160
of modern societies, 34
Self-generated domination, alienation as, 95–96
Self-reference, 206–207
Social change process, 12, 160
Social class, 114–115
Social degradation, 160
Social evolution, 181–185
Social justice, 160–161, 165, 181, 185
Social mediation, 95–96
Social practice, 95–96
Social stratification, 114–115
Social system, 194
Social theory. See also Critical theory, 5–6, 138–139
disconcerting challenge of heteronomy, 7–9
early Frankfurt School, 13, 18, 23
Frankfurt School, 4
mainstreaming of critical theory, 23–28
of modern society, 6–7
origin and vanishing point of modern society, 41–45
rackets, authoritarian personalities, and administered worlds, 28–40
terrifying prospect of vitacide, 9–13
Society, Luhmann’s theory of, 167, 170, 172
Sociological enlightenment, 173–174
Sociological errors, 167–170
Sociological founding figures, 148–150
Sociological imagination, 163
Sociological knowledge and enlightenment, 165–167
Sociology, 138, 160
deconstructing Comte’s founding narrative, 139–143
deconstructing Spencer’s founding narrative, 143–147
figuring alternative narratives, 150–152
Luhmann’s critiques of, 160–161, 172, 177
Luhmann’s theory of society, 167, 170, 172
reconstructing founding figures, 147–150
social justice, alternative communications, and social evolution, 181–185
social justice, enlightenment and, 161–165
sociological knowledge and enlightenment, 165–167
from sociological to social theory, 138–139
structural critique in classroom, conference, and journal, 177–181
Species extinction, 90
Spencer, Herbert, 138
“A Natural History of Myself”
, 145–147
deconstructing Spencer’s founding narrative, 143–147
studying evolution of the social aggregate, 143–145
Stratification theory, 122–130
System of personality, 194, 198, 201
Systems theory, 167
Technocracy, 128–129
Theory of society, 160, 167, 170, 172, 194–195
Thing (Ding), 67–68
Thought, 201–203
Tönnies, Ferdinand, 114
Treadmill of production (ToP), 91, 94
domestication of Marx’s critique, 93–94
Marx’s critical theory reconsidered, 94–105
neoliberalism and contemporary environmentalism, 105–106
of value, 98–100
Tribalism, 43
Unabridged dialectical logic, 17
University of Frankfurt, 61
“Value-free” sociology, 162–163
Values, 8–9, 91
as continual necessity of present, 102–105
treadmill of production of, 93–94, 98, 100
wealth vs., 98
Vermittlungsprobleme
, 62
Vitacide, 6–7, 41, 45
terrifying prospect of, 9–13
Water pollution, 90
Wealth, 91
value vs., 98
Weber, Max, 114, 139, 162–163
Weimar Sociology, 116
White-collar employees, 115
White-collar workers, 117
World War II (WWII), 91
Geiger, Theodor, 114–115
General interest of society, 4
German Revolution (1918), 13–14
Gestalt psychology, 60, 71–72
Gestalt school, 61
Gestalt theory, 60–63
Frankfurt and Cornelius, 61–63
myth of Freud, 60–61
Global warming, 90
Gravity of sociohistorical circumstances, 18–23
Great Depression, 4
Great man theory, 144
Grundrisse
, 97
Habermas, Jürgen, 163
Hegelian version of Marxism, 60
Heteronomy, 6–7
disconcerting challenge of, 7–9
Heteroreference, 206–207
Historical materialism, 14–15
Homo oeconomicus
, 180–181
Horkheimer, Max, 4, 60
analysis, 65–67
and development of critical theory, 70–71
Hegel and return to Productive Imagination, 73
on imagination, 75–77
Kant’s mediators, 64–65
Marcuse’s imagination, 73–75
objective reason, 71–73
organism and Gestalt, 67–70
work, 63–77
Humanness, 95
Identity-thinking, 17–18
Imagination, 69
Horkheimer on imagination, 75–77
Marcuse’s imagination, 73–75
In-conscious, 208
Individual-modern society, 8–9
Individuality, 146
Intentionality, 206–207
Italian fascism, 4
Kant’s theory of judgment, 60
Kantian philosophy, 9
Kantian-Habermasian, 164
view of sociological enlightenment, 175–176
Labor efficiency, 8–9
Land degradation, 90
Language, 194–195
Law of value, 105
Lebensphilosophie
, 72
Lederer, Emil, 114
Neuer Mittelstand theory in light of some recent developments in stratification theory, 122–130
theory of Neuer Mittelstand
, 120–122
Legitimacy, 13–14
Life termination, 6–7
Logic of capital, 18, 21, 23
Lowenthal, Leo, 4
Luhmann, Niklas, 167
critiques of sociology, 160–161, 172, 177
theory of society, 167, 170, 172
Marcuse, Herbert, 60
imagination, 73–75
Marx’s critical theory, 94, 105–106
capital, 100–102
dialectic of transformation and reconstitution, 102–105
double character of commodity-determined labor, 97–98
nature of contradiction, 98
social practice and social mediation, 95–96
treadmill of production of value, 98–100
Marx’s critique of political economy, 93–94
Marxian critical theory framework, 105
Marxian theory, 21–22
Marxism, 60
Marxist-oriented environmental sociology, 90
Material wealth, 98
Mittelstandsklassen, 115
Modern age, 7–8
Modern society, 5–7
constitutional logic of, 46–48
origin and vanishing point of, 41–45
reality of, 7–8
social theory of, 6–7
Modern stratification theory, 114
Modernity, 161–162
Modernization processes, 15, 161–162
Multiple forms, 6–7
Natural resource depletion, 90
Nazism, 114
Neo-Kantianism, 63
“Neoliberal” capitalism, 105–106
Neoliberalism, 105–106
Neuer Mittelstand
, 116
Emil Lederer’s theory of, 120–122
theory in stratification theory, 122–130
Weber, Geiger, And Tönnies on, 114–119
New Left appropriation of Marx, 90
New Middle Class
distinctive theory, 130–132
Emil Lederer’s Neuer Mittelstand theory in stratification theory, 122–130
Emil Lederer’s theory of Neuer Mittelstand
, 120–122
theory of, 114
Weber, Geiger, And Tönnies on “Neuer Mittelstand”, 114–119
Nonhuman heteronomy, 7–8
Nonidentity, 17–18
Normalcy, 10–11
Onion, The
, 165
Operation of psychic system, 201–203
Order, 9–10
Originality, 146
Other-directedness, 9
Overcoming capitalism, 106
Perception, appearance of, 203–206
Personal system, 194, 198, 201
Personality, 198–200
Political economy, 90, 93–94
Pollock, Friedrich, 4
Populism, 128
Positivism, 140, 162
“Positivist” approaches, 21–22
Postone, Moishe, 30, 90, 93–106, 173
Preautopoietic period, 198–201
Productive imagination, 60
Hegel and return to, 73
Productivism, 106
Proletarianization process, 116–117
Protestant ethic, 7–8
Psychic element, 195
Psychic in Luhmann’s theory
autopoietic period, 201–208
preautopoietic period, 198–201
Psychic systems, 194
operation, 201–203
Public sphere, 34
Qua modern capitalism, 19
Rackets, 6–7, 28, 36, 39–40
Radical heteronomy, 41–45
“Radical” approach, 138
Rationalization, 8–9
Reality, 69
Reliability, 8–9
Republican forms of governance, 5
Rule of law, 5
Russian Revolution (1917), 13–14
Sanctity, 5
Schematism, 76
Science of society, 139
Self-descriptions, 7, 10, 160
of modern societies, 34
Self-generated domination, alienation as, 95–96
Self-reference, 206–207
Social change process, 12, 160
Social class, 114–115
Social degradation, 160
Social evolution, 181–185
Social justice, 160–161, 165, 181, 185
Social mediation, 95–96
Social practice, 95–96
Social stratification, 114–115
Social system, 194
Social theory. See also Critical theory, 5–6, 138–139
disconcerting challenge of heteronomy, 7–9
early Frankfurt School, 13, 18, 23
Frankfurt School, 4
mainstreaming of critical theory, 23–28
of modern society, 6–7
origin and vanishing point of modern society, 41–45
rackets, authoritarian personalities, and administered worlds, 28–40
terrifying prospect of vitacide, 9–13
Society, Luhmann’s theory of, 167, 170, 172
Sociological enlightenment, 173–174
Sociological errors, 167–170
Sociological founding figures, 148–150
Sociological imagination, 163
Sociological knowledge and enlightenment, 165–167
Sociology, 138, 160
deconstructing Comte’s founding narrative, 139–143
deconstructing Spencer’s founding narrative, 143–147
figuring alternative narratives, 150–152
Luhmann’s critiques of, 160–161, 172, 177
Luhmann’s theory of society, 167, 170, 172
reconstructing founding figures, 147–150
social justice, alternative communications, and social evolution, 181–185
social justice, enlightenment and, 161–165
sociological knowledge and enlightenment, 165–167
from sociological to social theory, 138–139
structural critique in classroom, conference, and journal, 177–181
Species extinction, 90
Spencer, Herbert, 138
“A Natural History of Myself”
, 145–147
deconstructing Spencer’s founding narrative, 143–147
studying evolution of the social aggregate, 143–145
Stratification theory, 122–130
System of personality, 194, 198, 201
Systems theory, 167
Technocracy, 128–129
Theory of society, 160, 167, 170, 172, 194–195
Thing (Ding), 67–68
Thought, 201–203
Tönnies, Ferdinand, 114
Treadmill of production (ToP), 91, 94
domestication of Marx’s critique, 93–94
Marx’s critical theory reconsidered, 94–105
neoliberalism and contemporary environmentalism, 105–106
of value, 98–100
Tribalism, 43
Unabridged dialectical logic, 17
University of Frankfurt, 61
“Value-free” sociology, 162–163
Values, 8–9, 91
as continual necessity of present, 102–105
treadmill of production of, 93–94, 98, 100
wealth vs., 98
Vermittlungsprobleme
, 62
Vitacide, 6–7, 41, 45
terrifying prospect of, 9–13
Water pollution, 90
Wealth, 91
value vs., 98
Weber, Max, 114, 139, 162–163
Weimar Sociology, 116
White-collar employees, 115
White-collar workers, 117
World War II (WWII), 91
Identity-thinking, 17–18
Imagination, 69
Horkheimer on imagination, 75–77
Marcuse’s imagination, 73–75
In-conscious, 208
Individual-modern society, 8–9
Individuality, 146
Intentionality, 206–207
Italian fascism, 4
Kant’s theory of judgment, 60
Kantian philosophy, 9
Kantian-Habermasian, 164
view of sociological enlightenment, 175–176
Labor efficiency, 8–9
Land degradation, 90
Language, 194–195
Law of value, 105
Lebensphilosophie
, 72
Lederer, Emil, 114
Neuer Mittelstand theory in light of some recent developments in stratification theory, 122–130
theory of Neuer Mittelstand
, 120–122
Legitimacy, 13–14
Life termination, 6–7
Logic of capital, 18, 21, 23
Lowenthal, Leo, 4
Luhmann, Niklas, 167
critiques of sociology, 160–161, 172, 177
theory of society, 167, 170, 172
Marcuse, Herbert, 60
imagination, 73–75
Marx’s critical theory, 94, 105–106
capital, 100–102
dialectic of transformation and reconstitution, 102–105
double character of commodity-determined labor, 97–98
nature of contradiction, 98
social practice and social mediation, 95–96
treadmill of production of value, 98–100
Marx’s critique of political economy, 93–94
Marxian critical theory framework, 105
Marxian theory, 21–22
Marxism, 60
Marxist-oriented environmental sociology, 90
Material wealth, 98
Mittelstandsklassen, 115
Modern age, 7–8
Modern society, 5–7
constitutional logic of, 46–48
origin and vanishing point of, 41–45
reality of, 7–8
social theory of, 6–7
Modern stratification theory, 114
Modernity, 161–162
Modernization processes, 15, 161–162
Multiple forms, 6–7
Natural resource depletion, 90
Nazism, 114
Neo-Kantianism, 63
“Neoliberal” capitalism, 105–106
Neoliberalism, 105–106
Neuer Mittelstand
, 116
Emil Lederer’s theory of, 120–122
theory in stratification theory, 122–130
Weber, Geiger, And Tönnies on, 114–119
New Left appropriation of Marx, 90
New Middle Class
distinctive theory, 130–132
Emil Lederer’s Neuer Mittelstand theory in stratification theory, 122–130
Emil Lederer’s theory of Neuer Mittelstand
, 120–122
theory of, 114
Weber, Geiger, And Tönnies on “Neuer Mittelstand”, 114–119
Nonhuman heteronomy, 7–8
Nonidentity, 17–18
Normalcy, 10–11
Onion, The
, 165
Operation of psychic system, 201–203
Order, 9–10
Originality, 146
Other-directedness, 9
Overcoming capitalism, 106
Perception, appearance of, 203–206
Personal system, 194, 198, 201
Personality, 198–200
Political economy, 90, 93–94
Pollock, Friedrich, 4
Populism, 128
Positivism, 140, 162
“Positivist” approaches, 21–22
Postone, Moishe, 30, 90, 93–106, 173
Preautopoietic period, 198–201
Productive imagination, 60
Hegel and return to, 73
Productivism, 106
Proletarianization process, 116–117
Protestant ethic, 7–8
Psychic element, 195
Psychic in Luhmann’s theory
autopoietic period, 201–208
preautopoietic period, 198–201
Psychic systems, 194
operation, 201–203
Public sphere, 34
Qua modern capitalism, 19
Rackets, 6–7, 28, 36, 39–40
Radical heteronomy, 41–45
“Radical” approach, 138
Rationalization, 8–9
Reality, 69
Reliability, 8–9
Republican forms of governance, 5
Rule of law, 5
Russian Revolution (1917), 13–14
Sanctity, 5
Schematism, 76
Science of society, 139
Self-descriptions, 7, 10, 160
of modern societies, 34
Self-generated domination, alienation as, 95–96
Self-reference, 206–207
Social change process, 12, 160
Social class, 114–115
Social degradation, 160
Social evolution, 181–185
Social justice, 160–161, 165, 181, 185
Social mediation, 95–96
Social practice, 95–96
Social stratification, 114–115
Social system, 194
Social theory. See also Critical theory, 5–6, 138–139
disconcerting challenge of heteronomy, 7–9
early Frankfurt School, 13, 18, 23
Frankfurt School, 4
mainstreaming of critical theory, 23–28
of modern society, 6–7
origin and vanishing point of modern society, 41–45
rackets, authoritarian personalities, and administered worlds, 28–40
terrifying prospect of vitacide, 9–13
Society, Luhmann’s theory of, 167, 170, 172
Sociological enlightenment, 173–174
Sociological errors, 167–170
Sociological founding figures, 148–150
Sociological imagination, 163
Sociological knowledge and enlightenment, 165–167
Sociology, 138, 160
deconstructing Comte’s founding narrative, 139–143
deconstructing Spencer’s founding narrative, 143–147
figuring alternative narratives, 150–152
Luhmann’s critiques of, 160–161, 172, 177
Luhmann’s theory of society, 167, 170, 172
reconstructing founding figures, 147–150
social justice, alternative communications, and social evolution, 181–185
social justice, enlightenment and, 161–165
sociological knowledge and enlightenment, 165–167
from sociological to social theory, 138–139
structural critique in classroom, conference, and journal, 177–181
Species extinction, 90
Spencer, Herbert, 138
“A Natural History of Myself”
, 145–147
deconstructing Spencer’s founding narrative, 143–147
studying evolution of the social aggregate, 143–145
Stratification theory, 122–130
System of personality, 194, 198, 201
Systems theory, 167
Technocracy, 128–129
Theory of society, 160, 167, 170, 172, 194–195
Thing (Ding), 67–68
Thought, 201–203
Tönnies, Ferdinand, 114
Treadmill of production (ToP), 91, 94
domestication of Marx’s critique, 93–94
Marx’s critical theory reconsidered, 94–105
neoliberalism and contemporary environmentalism, 105–106
of value, 98–100
Tribalism, 43
Unabridged dialectical logic, 17
University of Frankfurt, 61
“Value-free” sociology, 162–163
Values, 8–9, 91
as continual necessity of present, 102–105
treadmill of production of, 93–94, 98, 100
wealth vs., 98
Vermittlungsprobleme
, 62
Vitacide, 6–7, 41, 45
terrifying prospect of, 9–13
Water pollution, 90
Wealth, 91
value vs., 98
Weber, Max, 114, 139, 162–163
Weimar Sociology, 116
White-collar employees, 115
White-collar workers, 117
World War II (WWII), 91
Labor efficiency, 8–9
Land degradation, 90
Language, 194–195
Law of value, 105
Lebensphilosophie
, 72
Lederer, Emil, 114
Neuer Mittelstand theory in light of some recent developments in stratification theory, 122–130
theory of Neuer Mittelstand
, 120–122
Legitimacy, 13–14
Life termination, 6–7
Logic of capital, 18, 21, 23
Lowenthal, Leo, 4
Luhmann, Niklas, 167
critiques of sociology, 160–161, 172, 177
theory of society, 167, 170, 172
Marcuse, Herbert, 60
imagination, 73–75
Marx’s critical theory, 94, 105–106
capital, 100–102
dialectic of transformation and reconstitution, 102–105
double character of commodity-determined labor, 97–98
nature of contradiction, 98
social practice and social mediation, 95–96
treadmill of production of value, 98–100
Marx’s critique of political economy, 93–94
Marxian critical theory framework, 105
Marxian theory, 21–22
Marxism, 60
Marxist-oriented environmental sociology, 90
Material wealth, 98
Mittelstandsklassen, 115
Modern age, 7–8
Modern society, 5–7
constitutional logic of, 46–48
origin and vanishing point of, 41–45
reality of, 7–8
social theory of, 6–7
Modern stratification theory, 114
Modernity, 161–162
Modernization processes, 15, 161–162
Multiple forms, 6–7
Natural resource depletion, 90
Nazism, 114
Neo-Kantianism, 63
“Neoliberal” capitalism, 105–106
Neoliberalism, 105–106
Neuer Mittelstand
, 116
Emil Lederer’s theory of, 120–122
theory in stratification theory, 122–130
Weber, Geiger, And Tönnies on, 114–119
New Left appropriation of Marx, 90
New Middle Class
distinctive theory, 130–132
Emil Lederer’s Neuer Mittelstand theory in stratification theory, 122–130
Emil Lederer’s theory of Neuer Mittelstand
, 120–122
theory of, 114
Weber, Geiger, And Tönnies on “Neuer Mittelstand”, 114–119
Nonhuman heteronomy, 7–8
Nonidentity, 17–18
Normalcy, 10–11
Onion, The
, 165
Operation of psychic system, 201–203
Order, 9–10
Originality, 146
Other-directedness, 9
Overcoming capitalism, 106
Perception, appearance of, 203–206
Personal system, 194, 198, 201
Personality, 198–200
Political economy, 90, 93–94
Pollock, Friedrich, 4
Populism, 128
Positivism, 140, 162
“Positivist” approaches, 21–22
Postone, Moishe, 30, 90, 93–106, 173
Preautopoietic period, 198–201
Productive imagination, 60
Hegel and return to, 73
Productivism, 106
Proletarianization process, 116–117
Protestant ethic, 7–8
Psychic element, 195
Psychic in Luhmann’s theory
autopoietic period, 201–208
preautopoietic period, 198–201
Psychic systems, 194
operation, 201–203
Public sphere, 34
Qua modern capitalism, 19
Rackets, 6–7, 28, 36, 39–40
Radical heteronomy, 41–45
“Radical” approach, 138
Rationalization, 8–9
Reality, 69
Reliability, 8–9
Republican forms of governance, 5
Rule of law, 5
Russian Revolution (1917), 13–14
Sanctity, 5
Schematism, 76
Science of society, 139
Self-descriptions, 7, 10, 160
of modern societies, 34
Self-generated domination, alienation as, 95–96
Self-reference, 206–207
Social change process, 12, 160
Social class, 114–115
Social degradation, 160
Social evolution, 181–185
Social justice, 160–161, 165, 181, 185
Social mediation, 95–96
Social practice, 95–96
Social stratification, 114–115
Social system, 194
Social theory. See also Critical theory, 5–6, 138–139
disconcerting challenge of heteronomy, 7–9
early Frankfurt School, 13, 18, 23
Frankfurt School, 4
mainstreaming of critical theory, 23–28
of modern society, 6–7
origin and vanishing point of modern society, 41–45
rackets, authoritarian personalities, and administered worlds, 28–40
terrifying prospect of vitacide, 9–13
Society, Luhmann’s theory of, 167, 170, 172
Sociological enlightenment, 173–174
Sociological errors, 167–170
Sociological founding figures, 148–150
Sociological imagination, 163
Sociological knowledge and enlightenment, 165–167
Sociology, 138, 160
deconstructing Comte’s founding narrative, 139–143
deconstructing Spencer’s founding narrative, 143–147
figuring alternative narratives, 150–152
Luhmann’s critiques of, 160–161, 172, 177
Luhmann’s theory of society, 167, 170, 172
reconstructing founding figures, 147–150
social justice, alternative communications, and social evolution, 181–185
social justice, enlightenment and, 161–165
sociological knowledge and enlightenment, 165–167
from sociological to social theory, 138–139
structural critique in classroom, conference, and journal, 177–181
Species extinction, 90
Spencer, Herbert, 138
“A Natural History of Myself”
, 145–147
deconstructing Spencer’s founding narrative, 143–147
studying evolution of the social aggregate, 143–145
Stratification theory, 122–130
System of personality, 194, 198, 201
Systems theory, 167
Technocracy, 128–129
Theory of society, 160, 167, 170, 172, 194–195
Thing (Ding), 67–68
Thought, 201–203
Tönnies, Ferdinand, 114
Treadmill of production (ToP), 91, 94
domestication of Marx’s critique, 93–94
Marx’s critical theory reconsidered, 94–105
neoliberalism and contemporary environmentalism, 105–106
of value, 98–100
Tribalism, 43
Unabridged dialectical logic, 17
University of Frankfurt, 61
“Value-free” sociology, 162–163
Values, 8–9, 91
as continual necessity of present, 102–105
treadmill of production of, 93–94, 98, 100
wealth vs., 98
Vermittlungsprobleme
, 62
Vitacide, 6–7, 41, 45
terrifying prospect of, 9–13
Water pollution, 90
Wealth, 91
value vs., 98
Weber, Max, 114, 139, 162–163
Weimar Sociology, 116
White-collar employees, 115
White-collar workers, 117
World War II (WWII), 91
Natural resource depletion, 90
Nazism, 114
Neo-Kantianism, 63
“Neoliberal” capitalism, 105–106
Neoliberalism, 105–106
Neuer Mittelstand
, 116
Emil Lederer’s theory of, 120–122
theory in stratification theory, 122–130
Weber, Geiger, And Tönnies on, 114–119
New Left appropriation of Marx, 90
New Middle Class
distinctive theory, 130–132
Emil Lederer’s Neuer Mittelstand theory in stratification theory, 122–130
Emil Lederer’s theory of Neuer Mittelstand
, 120–122
theory of, 114
Weber, Geiger, And Tönnies on “Neuer Mittelstand”, 114–119
Nonhuman heteronomy, 7–8
Nonidentity, 17–18
Normalcy, 10–11
Onion, The
, 165
Operation of psychic system, 201–203
Order, 9–10
Originality, 146
Other-directedness, 9
Overcoming capitalism, 106
Perception, appearance of, 203–206
Personal system, 194, 198, 201
Personality, 198–200
Political economy, 90, 93–94
Pollock, Friedrich, 4
Populism, 128
Positivism, 140, 162
“Positivist” approaches, 21–22
Postone, Moishe, 30, 90, 93–106, 173
Preautopoietic period, 198–201
Productive imagination, 60
Hegel and return to, 73
Productivism, 106
Proletarianization process, 116–117
Protestant ethic, 7–8
Psychic element, 195
Psychic in Luhmann’s theory
autopoietic period, 201–208
preautopoietic period, 198–201
Psychic systems, 194
operation, 201–203
Public sphere, 34
Qua modern capitalism, 19
Rackets, 6–7, 28, 36, 39–40
Radical heteronomy, 41–45
“Radical” approach, 138
Rationalization, 8–9
Reality, 69
Reliability, 8–9
Republican forms of governance, 5
Rule of law, 5
Russian Revolution (1917), 13–14
Sanctity, 5
Schematism, 76
Science of society, 139
Self-descriptions, 7, 10, 160
of modern societies, 34
Self-generated domination, alienation as, 95–96
Self-reference, 206–207
Social change process, 12, 160
Social class, 114–115
Social degradation, 160
Social evolution, 181–185
Social justice, 160–161, 165, 181, 185
Social mediation, 95–96
Social practice, 95–96
Social stratification, 114–115
Social system, 194
Social theory. See also Critical theory, 5–6, 138–139
disconcerting challenge of heteronomy, 7–9
early Frankfurt School, 13, 18, 23
Frankfurt School, 4
mainstreaming of critical theory, 23–28
of modern society, 6–7
origin and vanishing point of modern society, 41–45
rackets, authoritarian personalities, and administered worlds, 28–40
terrifying prospect of vitacide, 9–13
Society, Luhmann’s theory of, 167, 170, 172
Sociological enlightenment, 173–174
Sociological errors, 167–170
Sociological founding figures, 148–150
Sociological imagination, 163
Sociological knowledge and enlightenment, 165–167
Sociology, 138, 160
deconstructing Comte’s founding narrative, 139–143
deconstructing Spencer’s founding narrative, 143–147
figuring alternative narratives, 150–152
Luhmann’s critiques of, 160–161, 172, 177
Luhmann’s theory of society, 167, 170, 172
reconstructing founding figures, 147–150
social justice, alternative communications, and social evolution, 181–185
social justice, enlightenment and, 161–165
sociological knowledge and enlightenment, 165–167
from sociological to social theory, 138–139
structural critique in classroom, conference, and journal, 177–181
Species extinction, 90
Spencer, Herbert, 138
“A Natural History of Myself”
, 145–147
deconstructing Spencer’s founding narrative, 143–147
studying evolution of the social aggregate, 143–145
Stratification theory, 122–130
System of personality, 194, 198, 201
Systems theory, 167
Technocracy, 128–129
Theory of society, 160, 167, 170, 172, 194–195
Thing (Ding), 67–68
Thought, 201–203
Tönnies, Ferdinand, 114
Treadmill of production (ToP), 91, 94
domestication of Marx’s critique, 93–94
Marx’s critical theory reconsidered, 94–105
neoliberalism and contemporary environmentalism, 105–106
of value, 98–100
Tribalism, 43
Unabridged dialectical logic, 17
University of Frankfurt, 61
“Value-free” sociology, 162–163
Values, 8–9, 91
as continual necessity of present, 102–105
treadmill of production of, 93–94, 98, 100
wealth vs., 98
Vermittlungsprobleme
, 62
Vitacide, 6–7, 41, 45
terrifying prospect of, 9–13
Water pollution, 90
Wealth, 91
value vs., 98
Weber, Max, 114, 139, 162–163
Weimar Sociology, 116
White-collar employees, 115
White-collar workers, 117
World War II (WWII), 91
Perception, appearance of, 203–206
Personal system, 194, 198, 201
Personality, 198–200
Political economy, 90, 93–94
Pollock, Friedrich, 4
Populism, 128
Positivism, 140, 162
“Positivist” approaches, 21–22
Postone, Moishe, 30, 90, 93–106, 173
Preautopoietic period, 198–201
Productive imagination, 60
Hegel and return to, 73
Productivism, 106
Proletarianization process, 116–117
Protestant ethic, 7–8
Psychic element, 195
Psychic in Luhmann’s theory
autopoietic period, 201–208
preautopoietic period, 198–201
Psychic systems, 194
operation, 201–203
Public sphere, 34
Qua modern capitalism, 19
Rackets, 6–7, 28, 36, 39–40
Radical heteronomy, 41–45
“Radical” approach, 138
Rationalization, 8–9
Reality, 69
Reliability, 8–9
Republican forms of governance, 5
Rule of law, 5
Russian Revolution (1917), 13–14
Sanctity, 5
Schematism, 76
Science of society, 139
Self-descriptions, 7, 10, 160
of modern societies, 34
Self-generated domination, alienation as, 95–96
Self-reference, 206–207
Social change process, 12, 160
Social class, 114–115
Social degradation, 160
Social evolution, 181–185
Social justice, 160–161, 165, 181, 185
Social mediation, 95–96
Social practice, 95–96
Social stratification, 114–115
Social system, 194
Social theory. See also Critical theory, 5–6, 138–139
disconcerting challenge of heteronomy, 7–9
early Frankfurt School, 13, 18, 23
Frankfurt School, 4
mainstreaming of critical theory, 23–28
of modern society, 6–7
origin and vanishing point of modern society, 41–45
rackets, authoritarian personalities, and administered worlds, 28–40
terrifying prospect of vitacide, 9–13
Society, Luhmann’s theory of, 167, 170, 172
Sociological enlightenment, 173–174
Sociological errors, 167–170
Sociological founding figures, 148–150
Sociological imagination, 163
Sociological knowledge and enlightenment, 165–167
Sociology, 138, 160
deconstructing Comte’s founding narrative, 139–143
deconstructing Spencer’s founding narrative, 143–147
figuring alternative narratives, 150–152
Luhmann’s critiques of, 160–161, 172, 177
Luhmann’s theory of society, 167, 170, 172
reconstructing founding figures, 147–150
social justice, alternative communications, and social evolution, 181–185
social justice, enlightenment and, 161–165
sociological knowledge and enlightenment, 165–167
from sociological to social theory, 138–139
structural critique in classroom, conference, and journal, 177–181
Species extinction, 90
Spencer, Herbert, 138
“A Natural History of Myself”
, 145–147
deconstructing Spencer’s founding narrative, 143–147
studying evolution of the social aggregate, 143–145
Stratification theory, 122–130
System of personality, 194, 198, 201
Systems theory, 167
Technocracy, 128–129
Theory of society, 160, 167, 170, 172, 194–195
Thing (Ding), 67–68
Thought, 201–203
Tönnies, Ferdinand, 114
Treadmill of production (ToP), 91, 94
domestication of Marx’s critique, 93–94
Marx’s critical theory reconsidered, 94–105
neoliberalism and contemporary environmentalism, 105–106
of value, 98–100
Tribalism, 43
Unabridged dialectical logic, 17
University of Frankfurt, 61
“Value-free” sociology, 162–163
Values, 8–9, 91
as continual necessity of present, 102–105
treadmill of production of, 93–94, 98, 100
wealth vs., 98
Vermittlungsprobleme
, 62
Vitacide, 6–7, 41, 45
terrifying prospect of, 9–13
Water pollution, 90
Wealth, 91
value vs., 98
Weber, Max, 114, 139, 162–163
Weimar Sociology, 116
White-collar employees, 115
White-collar workers, 117
World War II (WWII), 91
Rackets, 6–7, 28, 36, 39–40
Radical heteronomy, 41–45
“Radical” approach, 138
Rationalization, 8–9
Reality, 69
Reliability, 8–9
Republican forms of governance, 5
Rule of law, 5
Russian Revolution (1917), 13–14
Sanctity, 5
Schematism, 76
Science of society, 139
Self-descriptions, 7, 10, 160
of modern societies, 34
Self-generated domination, alienation as, 95–96
Self-reference, 206–207
Social change process, 12, 160
Social class, 114–115
Social degradation, 160
Social evolution, 181–185
Social justice, 160–161, 165, 181, 185
Social mediation, 95–96
Social practice, 95–96
Social stratification, 114–115
Social system, 194
Social theory. See also Critical theory, 5–6, 138–139
disconcerting challenge of heteronomy, 7–9
early Frankfurt School, 13, 18, 23
Frankfurt School, 4
mainstreaming of critical theory, 23–28
of modern society, 6–7
origin and vanishing point of modern society, 41–45
rackets, authoritarian personalities, and administered worlds, 28–40
terrifying prospect of vitacide, 9–13
Society, Luhmann’s theory of, 167, 170, 172
Sociological enlightenment, 173–174
Sociological errors, 167–170
Sociological founding figures, 148–150
Sociological imagination, 163
Sociological knowledge and enlightenment, 165–167
Sociology, 138, 160
deconstructing Comte’s founding narrative, 139–143
deconstructing Spencer’s founding narrative, 143–147
figuring alternative narratives, 150–152
Luhmann’s critiques of, 160–161, 172, 177
Luhmann’s theory of society, 167, 170, 172
reconstructing founding figures, 147–150
social justice, alternative communications, and social evolution, 181–185
social justice, enlightenment and, 161–165
sociological knowledge and enlightenment, 165–167
from sociological to social theory, 138–139
structural critique in classroom, conference, and journal, 177–181
Species extinction, 90
Spencer, Herbert, 138
“A Natural History of Myself”
, 145–147
deconstructing Spencer’s founding narrative, 143–147
studying evolution of the social aggregate, 143–145
Stratification theory, 122–130
System of personality, 194, 198, 201
Systems theory, 167
Technocracy, 128–129
Theory of society, 160, 167, 170, 172, 194–195
Thing (Ding), 67–68
Thought, 201–203
Tönnies, Ferdinand, 114
Treadmill of production (ToP), 91, 94
domestication of Marx’s critique, 93–94
Marx’s critical theory reconsidered, 94–105
neoliberalism and contemporary environmentalism, 105–106
of value, 98–100
Tribalism, 43
Unabridged dialectical logic, 17
University of Frankfurt, 61
“Value-free” sociology, 162–163
Values, 8–9, 91
as continual necessity of present, 102–105
treadmill of production of, 93–94, 98, 100
wealth vs., 98
Vermittlungsprobleme
, 62
Vitacide, 6–7, 41, 45
terrifying prospect of, 9–13
Water pollution, 90
Wealth, 91
value vs., 98
Weber, Max, 114, 139, 162–163
Weimar Sociology, 116
White-collar employees, 115
White-collar workers, 117
World War II (WWII), 91
Technocracy, 128–129
Theory of society, 160, 167, 170, 172, 194–195
Thing (Ding), 67–68
Thought, 201–203
Tönnies, Ferdinand, 114
Treadmill of production (ToP), 91, 94
domestication of Marx’s critique, 93–94
Marx’s critical theory reconsidered, 94–105
neoliberalism and contemporary environmentalism, 105–106
of value, 98–100
Tribalism, 43
Unabridged dialectical logic, 17
University of Frankfurt, 61
“Value-free” sociology, 162–163
Values, 8–9, 91
as continual necessity of present, 102–105
treadmill of production of, 93–94, 98, 100
wealth vs., 98
Vermittlungsprobleme
, 62
Vitacide, 6–7, 41, 45
terrifying prospect of, 9–13
Water pollution, 90
Wealth, 91
value vs., 98
Weber, Max, 114, 139, 162–163
Weimar Sociology, 116
White-collar employees, 115
White-collar workers, 117
World War II (WWII), 91
“Value-free” sociology, 162–163
Values, 8–9, 91
as continual necessity of present, 102–105
treadmill of production of, 93–94, 98, 100
wealth vs., 98
Vermittlungsprobleme
, 62
Vitacide, 6–7, 41, 45
terrifying prospect of, 9–13
Water pollution, 90
Wealth, 91
value vs., 98
Weber, Max, 114, 139, 162–163
Weimar Sociology, 116
White-collar employees, 115
White-collar workers, 117
World War II (WWII), 91
- Prelims
- Part I A Programmatic Introduction Revisited (and Updated)
- Social Theory's Burden: From Heteronomy to Vitacide (or, How Classical Critical Theory Predicted Proliferating Rackets, Authoritarian Personalities, and Administered Worlds in the Twenty-first Century)
- Part II Critical Theory
- Critical Theory, the Imagination, and the Critique of Judgment: Horkheimer's Vision Reconsidered
- Marx, Critical Theory, and the Treadmill of Production of Value: Why Environmental Sociology Needs a Critique of Capital
- Part III Classical Theory
- Emil Lederer's Theory of the New Middle Class: Historical and Current Relevance of a Key Sociological Concept
- Figuring the Beginning: Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer as Founding Figures of Sociology
- Part IV Systems Theory
- Sociology as Social System: Luhmann, Enlightenment, and the Gap between “Facts” and “Norms”
- Give Me an Operation and I Will Give You a System: The Psychic in Luhmann's Theory
- About the Contributors
- Index