Adaptive capacity

, 81, 82, 93, 96, 97

Affective economy

, 155, 158, 166, 169

Agency

borrower

, 41

economic

, 185

microcredit

, 134

rural smallholders

, 85

Agricultural financing and loans

, 94

Agricultural inputs

, 80

Agriculture

, 82, 147, 215, 216, 227, 231, 232, 236–238, 243

Alcohol

, 21, 156, 162, 164, 184, 188

Ambulant vending

, 43, 45

ANCE. See Associazione Nazionale Costruttori Edili (ANCE)

Artiodactyl

, 234, 238

Asian financial crisis

, 159

Associazione Nazionale Costruttori Edili (ANCE)

, 63, 67

Bar culture

, 154–158, 160–164, 166–168

Bergamo

, 56

Blood quantum

, 178, 184

Bob Pierce

, 203, 204, 208–210

Broad-spectrum revolution

, 228

Buddhism

, 14

Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)

, 178

Business

consequence of corruption

, 64–65

economic sovereignty

, 189–192

financial crisis and/or systemic crisis

, 63–64

political interests

, 64–65

time of crisis

, 66–72

trust

, 72–75

Capitalist

economies

, 40

Hong Kong’s

, 155, 170

narrative of microfinance

, 36

neoliberal arrangements

, 122

private

, 105, 108

Cashmere

, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17–28

Cautionary tales

, 163, 165, 166, 169

Chalcolithic

, 225, 231, 233, 238

Charter of incorporation

, 183

Cherokee Casino (casino)

, 176, 180, 182, 184, 185, 187–191

Cherokee Casino Revenue (earnings)

, 179, 185, 186, 187, 192, 195

Clienthood

, 154, 158

Climate change

, 80–83, 86–88, 96, 97, 217, 236

Coffee

certification

, 84, 86

cultivars

, 92, 95

management

, 86, 88

organic

, 84, 86, 91, 92

prices

, 84, 85, 87

quality

, 86–88, 95

renovation

, 89–94, 96

rust

, 79–97

specialty

, 80, 85, 86, 92, 95, 96

yield

, 87, 89

Cold War

, 39, 200, 202, 204–210, 217

Colonialism

, 107, 157, 180, 181, 184, 187, 192, 205, 215

Commercial sex

, 154, 155, 158, 160, 161, 164, 167

Commodity market volatility

, 81

Communal hunting

, 229–231, 234, 238, 239

Complex societies

, 231–235

Construction business

, 55–77

Cooperatives

, 11, 18, 26, 28, 67, 80, 81, 83, 84, 87–90, 92, 94–96, 176, 211

Coping strategies

, 35

Copper sulfate (fungicide)

, 89–91, 94, 95

Credit

, 48

access

, 40, 41, 48

agricultural

, 84

income/expenditure survey

, 115–119

Crisis

, 37, 56–72, 75, 85, 86, 185, 204, 217

Dating

, 96, 167, 224, 225, 228, 233

Debt

cashmere-debt cycle

, 8, 9, 20–27

microfinance

, 50

well-intentioned

, 33, 48–49

Decollectivization

, 8, 20

Default risk

, 28

Desert kites

, 223–243

Development

anthropology

, 201

Asian Bank

, 108, 109

discourse

, 200

economic

, 180, 184, 188, 237

growing market

, 63

ideologies

, 32–33

instruments for economic

, 32

international

, 201–202

post-world war II

, 38–41

projects and research

, 36–37

urban

, 238–241

Disaster

climate change and natural

, 81–82

coffee rust

, 80

destructive effects

, 119

dzud

, 7, 8, 14

impacts

, 104

political economy of reconstruction

, 107

problem of recovery

, 122

researchers

, 82

risk and market access

, 9, 10

Dispossession

, 61, 75, 103–124

Diversification, economic

, 15

Diversity/diversification

, 9, 15, 28, 133, 163, 177, 181, 189, 192, 193, 195, 224

Dividends

, 48, 176, 190–193

Domestic work

, 49, 161, 162

Domestic worker

, 153–172

Double bind

, 180

Early Bronze Age (EBA)

, 225, 226, 231, 232, 233, 238, 239, 241

Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI)

, 175–195

EBA. See Early Bronze Age (EBA)

Ecology

, 82, 124, 160

Economic development

challenges

, 188

destructive agendas

, 117

dominant overarching approach

, 38–39

Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians efforts

, 176–177

goals

, 122

neolithic farmers

, 232, 236

power of microfinance

, 33

Economic power

, 176–181, 184, 185, 187, 188, 192, 193, 194

Economic self-determination

, 176, 178, 179, 194

Economic sovereignty

, 175–195

Ecuador

, 31–50

Emotional deceit

, 157, 161

Emotional labor

, 26

Employment/unemployment

, 18, 34–37, 48, 155, 159–161, 166, 167, 169–171, 176, 187, 195

Empowerment

, 32, 41, 43, 45, 46, 49

Entrepreneurs/ship

, 33, 41, 42, 44, 48, 55–77, 58, 59, 189, 190

Epipalaeolithic

, 225–228, 240

Euphemisms

, 165

Everyday emergency

, 34

Expatriate

, 153–172

Facework

, 164

Fair trade

, 79–97

benefits

, 82, 83, 95

history

, 81, 83

Faith-based development

, 200–202, 217, 218

Feminisation of poverty

, 41, 43

Fibre-optic network

, 176

Fieldwork

, 56, 74, 113, 131, 156, 162, 167, 190

Financial diaries

, 134

Financialization of poverty

, 2, 33, 37, 41

Food insecurity

, 129

Forager

, 216, 226–230

Foreign aid (U.S.)

, 200, 202, 204, 205, 207, 209, 216, 217, 218

Fragility

, 55–77, 167

Framework of /economic strategies

, 10, 11, 40, 82, 119, 120, 177, 181, 192, 193

Gaming

, 176, 178, 179, 184–189, 192–195

Gaming competition

, 62, 185, 187, 189

Gazelle

, 223–243

Gender

, 16, 34, 38, 48, 49, 81, 155–159, 164, 169, 170

Global justice

, 40

Globalization

, 37, 73, 170

Grameen Bank

, 32, 38, 42

Great Recession (recession)

, 177, 185, 190–192

Guaranteed annual income

, 193

Han Kyung-chik. See Hanchun Zik

Hanchun Zik

, 211, 212, 219

Herd dynamics

, 8–11, 14

Herd size

, 9, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 27

Herding

, 11, 15, 18, 19, 23, 26, 27, 225, 228, 231, 233, 239, 242

HIV/AIDS

, 146, 149

Hong Kong

, 153–172

Households

cashmere-debt cycle

, 24

coffee cultivation

, 84

consumption requirements

, 11

definition

, 11

fisher

, 111, 117

Malawi deficit

, 137

size

, 14

pastoral

, 16

Uguumur

, 16–20, 22

Uliastai

, 16–19, 22

vulnerability

, 8

Housing

, 48, 107, 110–115, 117–122, 124, 171, 172

Human development theory

, 40

Humanitarianism

, 122, 200, 211

Hunger

, 129, 130, 136, 140, 147

Hunter-gatherer

, 239

Hunting devices

, 225, 230, 234

Hunting strategies

, 228–230, 238

Hybrid structures

, 177, 179, 181, 183, 184, 189, 195

ICA. See International Coffee Agreement (ICA)

IGRA. See Indian Gaming and Regulatory Act (IGRA)

Income

cashmere

, 22

coffee

, 84

expenditure survey

, 115–119

inequality

, 37

livestock sales

, 18

lumpy

, 20, 21

Incorporation

, 179, 183, 184

India

, 104, 105, 112, 124

Indian Gaming and Regulatory Act (IGRA)

, 179, 184–187, 192, 195

Indonesia

, 159, 163, 165

Industrialization

, 39

Inequality

, 33, 37, 43, 46, 49, 50, 90, 104, 105, 107, 120, 122, 169, 170, 234

Informal economy

, 36, 37, 109

Informal insurance

, 8, 19, 20, 25, 26, 42, 85, 113, 121, 130

Informal sector

, 33, 39, 48

INMECAFE. See Mexican Coffee Institute (INMECAFE)

Interest rates

, 20, 25, 26, 28, 45, 49, 50, 117

International Coffee Agreement (ICA)

, 80, 84, 85, 93

Intimacy

, 138, 155–158, 166, 167, 170

Intimate economy

, 153–172

Italy

, 55–77

Kinship

, 143

Korean War

, 204, 210–212

Land (trust land; collateral; loans)

Latin America

, 36, 37, 50, 80, 83, 86, 92, 178, 180

Latin American autonomy movements

, 180

Liberalism

, 200, 202–204, 217, 218

Livelihood insecurity

, 50

Livestock

, 7–12, 14, 16–28, 45, 92, 131, 138, 225, 231, 235, 236, 242

Loan

, 7–28, 38, 42, 43, 45, 49, 85, 92, 94, 116, 117, 121, 133–136, 148, 190–192, 195

Lombardy

, 56, 57, 64, 65, 77

Malawi

, 128–131, 137, 147, 148–149

Marginalization

, 34, 105, 109, 118

Market

access

, 8–10, 14–17, 24, 26, 27

development

, 8, 28

fluctuations

, 8

Marshall Plan

, 38

Masculinity

, 154, 157, 164, 167, 169, 170

Matrilineality

, 137, 147

Mauss, M.

, 128, 136

MDGs. See Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

Metaphor

, 61, 69, 70, 72, 73, 76, 136

Mexican Coffee Institute (INMECAFE)

, 84–86

Mexican government

, 80, 89, 92, 93, 95

Mexican Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries, and Food (SAGARPA)

, 95

Mexico

, 79–97

MFI. See Microfinance institution (MFI)

Microcredit

, 32, 42, 46, 129, 134

Microentrepreneur

, 33–36, 40, 44–46, 48, 50

Microfinance

, 8, 20–27, 31–50

Microfinance institution (MFI)

, 34, 35, 38, 42, 44, 45

Microloans

, 14, 32, 34, 35, 37, 38, 43–46, 48, 49, 50, 191

Migrant worker

, 157–160, 162, 165, 166, 167, 169–172

Migration

, 15, 61, 84, 93, 159, 170, 172, 225, 234

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

, 38, 40

Modernisation

, 38–40, 81, 97, 123, 200, 201, 202, 204–210, 214, 217, 218

Money

money flow

, 129, 132

circulation

, 129, 146

Mongolia

, 7–28

Morality

, 165–166, 201

Nagapattinam

, 104–107, 110–116, 118–120, 124

Narrative of Microfinance

, 31–50

National Coffee Census (Mexico)

, 85

National Coffee Institute (Mexico-AMECAFE)

, 85

National Coordinator of Coffee Organizations

, 80

Native Nation Citizenship

, 192

Native Nation-owned enterprises

, 192

Neo-evangelicals

, 200, 202–204, 207–209, 211, 214, 217

Neoliberal

capitalist arrangements

, 122

development approaches

, 200, 202

dynamics

, 107

economic shifts

, 170

ideologies

, 2

microfinance

, 36, 40, 49

programs and policies

, 201

shift

, 201–202, 204

Neoliberalism

, 37, 40, 41, 107, 194, 201, 202, 218

Neolithic

, 225–227, 231, 232, 234–237

NGO. See Non-governmental organisations (NGO)

Nightclub

, 156, 157, 162, 163

Non-governmental organisations (NGO)

, 34, 37, 39, 41, 44, 93, 95, 104, 107, 108, 110–112, 117–119, 121, 142, 144, 145, 148, 149, 172, 202

Oaxaca

, 79–97

Old age

, 93

One-industry/enterprise economy

, 181, 185, 187–189

Orphans

, 129, 133, 134, 148, 204, 210–214, 219

Osage Nation

, 178

Participant observation

, 34, 87, 88, 94, 131, 154, 156

Pastoralism

, 9–11, 23, 231

Pastoralist

, 8–10, 14, 19, 27, 28

Patron-client relationships

, 128

Payments to states

, 193

Pemmican

, 238–241

Pest control

, 231

Petroglyphs

, 224

Petty trade

, 144

Philippines

, 154, 159, 162, 163, 165, 167, 168, 171

Political sovereignty

, 177–181, 192, 193, 194, 195

Poverty

alleviation

, 41, 46, 81, 82, 93, 96

extreme

, 61, 128

eradication

, 40, 128

Precarity (vulnerabilities)

, 35, 128, 146, 155, 160, 169–171, 177, 187, 192

Producer organizations

, 80, 81, 83, 85, 88–90, 92–96

Progress

, 39, 43, 66, 204

Prostitution

, 145, 155, 162

Qualla Boundary

, 176, 181–184, 186, 187, 189, 190, 193

Quito

, 31–50

Racial hierarchy

, 159, 163

Reciprocity

, 74, 83, 96, 136, 137, 139, 156, 166, 170

Reclamation efforts

, 158, 176, 181, 183, 185–189

Reconstruction

, 103–124

Relocation

coast

, 104

housing condition

, 111–112

responses of fishers

, 107

Vietnamese

, 214–217

vulnerability and

, 109–110, 112–113

Resilience

, 82, 95–97, 106, 193

Resource catchment area

, 226, 228–230, 234, 242

Rest and recreation

, 158, 171

Risk

business

, 69–72

disaster

, 17

dzud

, 10

forces anticipation

, 62

management

, 8, 28, 81, 82, 96

sovereignty

, 185–189

Rostow, W. W.

, 40, 206, 207, 219

Scarcity

, 75, 130, 132, 139, 142, 146, 237–238

SDGs. See Sustainable development goals (SDGs)

Secondary animal products revolution

, 226, 239

Secular

, 199–218

Semi-structured interviews

, 12, 33, 87

Settler colonial/ism

, 177, 180, 181, 183, 188, 189, 194

Sex tourism

, 155, 158, 161, 164, 171

Sexual economic exchange

, 154, 155, 157, 161, 165

Sharing

, 46, 137–142, 146, 148, 149, 177, 186, 209, 212, 217

Singlehood

, 140

Small-business market

, 176, 177, 189, 190

Small-business owners

, 181, 189–194

Smallholders

, 79–97, 147

Soap

, 131–136, 141, 145

Social aggregations

, 226, 235, 238

Social capital

, 82–84, 96, 142

Social class

, 37

Social exclusion

, 48, 138

Social mobility

, 34–37, 159

Social networks

, 50, 82, 130, 135, 137, 143, 234

Social services

, 37, 122

Southeast Asia

, 104–106, 157, 162, 164

Southwest Asia

, 224, 240

Sovereignty (comprehensive)

, 175–195

Specialty Coffee Association of America

, 86

Stealing/theft

, 156

Stereotypes

, 58, 76, 163

Street vending

, 43

Stress

, 15, 34, 35, 50, 62, 63, 68, 71, 72, 233

Structural adjustment

, 37, 201, 202

Structural inequality

, 50, 107

Suharto

, 159

Survival tactics

, 127–149

Sustainable development goals (SDGs)

, 38, 40

Tamil Nadu

, 103–124

TERO. See Tribal Employment Rights Ordinance (TERO)

Thatcherism

, 159, 171

Tourism/tourists

attractive venue

, 122

industry

, 190

sex

, 161, 164

visas

, 161

Tradition/Traditional

banking services

, 32

vulnerable Asians

, 205–207

Tribal Employment Rights Ordinance (TERO)

, 191, 192, 195

Trust

institutional

, 74

moral economies

, 26

unpredictability

, 72–75

value

, 75

Tsunami

, 103–124

Uncertainty

conditions

, 74

considerable

, 242

emergent

, 166

microentrepreneurs

, 45

producers face

, 80

vulnerability

, 35

Underemployment

, 37, 159

Unemployment

, 36, 37, 159, 167

Urban

Brazil

, 34

development

, 158, 226, 238–241

traders

, 129

revolution

, 226

USAID

, 118, 201, 214–216

Value

domestic and market

, 15

green coffee

, 85

modern

, 40

monetary

, 118, 161

products

, 15

trust

, 75

Vietnam War

, 158, 160, 204, 207, 214, 215

Vulnerability/vulnerable

addressing

, 34–35

Benjamin & Patty

, 167–169

climate change, and coping mechanisms

, 81–83

cold war, modernization

, 204–210

definition

, 121

environmental

, 61

fair trade organizations

, 93–96

fishers, development

, 123–124

humanitarian

, 108–109

individual and social adaptations

, 1–4

pastoral

, 14–20

political economy

, 119–123

social scientists

, 61

and relocation

, 109–110, 112–113

researching intimacy

, 156–158

traditional Asians

, 205–207

world vision and helping

, 210–217

Wanchai

, 153–172

Wealth-in-people

, 128, 139

Well-intentioned debt

, 31–50

Western masculinity

, 157, 169

Western North Carolina

, 176, 180, 193

Wild ungulates

, 225, 226, 230–235, 237–239, 242

Wool

, 15, 236, 237, 239

World Bank

Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project

, 109, 121

extreme poverty

, 128

Vulnerability Reduction of Coastal Communities

, 110

World of Suzie Wong

, 158, 160

World Vision

, 111–113, 199–218

Yao

, 137, 147