Index
Value, Money, Profit, and Capital Today
ISBN: 978-1-80455-751-8, eISBN: 978-1-80455-750-1
ISSN: 0161-7230
Publication date: 20 November 2023
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2023), "Index", Herrera, R. (Ed.) Value, Money, Profit, and Capital Today (Research in Political Economy, Vol. 39), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 247-250. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0161-723020230000039016
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2024 Rémy Herrera. Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Accumulation, 7–10, 12, 14, 54, 56, 74–75, 88, 96–97, 156–158, 176, 178–179, 199–200, 202, 210, 217, 220, 222–223, 225, 228, 237
Aggregation, 77
Alternatives, post-capitalist, 24
Appearance, 11, 121, 194, 209
Banks, 6–7, 10, 54, 58–59, 108, 112, 129, 232, 240
Bubbles (financial), 232, 237
Capital
commercial, 6, 12, 160, 225
constant, 41, 134, 150, 153, 168, 170, 172–173, 175–176, 178, 205–206
fictitious, 7–8, 10–11, 13–15, 201–204, 208, 210, 221–222, 225, 227, 231, 234, 236, 243
financial, 13, 234, 243
industrial, 5, 12, 135, 141–142, 146, 151, 222–224, 236
interest-bearing, 4, 8, 201–202, 204, 208–209, 215–216, 221, 224–225
productive, 132–135, 148–149, 156, 177, 190–191, 200, 222
variable, 146, 149–150, 153–154, 159, 168–169, 172–173, 205–206, 218
Capitalism, 4, 14–15, 19–25, 27, 56, 74, 88, 110, 117, 132, 134–135, 192, 194, 201–203, 208–209, 216–218, 228, 234, 236–237
Center/periphery, 56, 68–69, 75, 79
CFA franc, 55, 57, 60–62
Choice, 11, 14, 148, 150–151
Circulation, 5–6, 23, 63, 100, 110, 147–151, 156, 160, 191, 205, 207, 232–233
Class, 7, 19–20, 25, 178, 209, 215–216
struggle, 19–20, 26–27
Colonialism, 54, 69
Commodity, 5–6, 19–21, 24–27, 32–33, 105, 137, 148–149, 160, 204–208, 222, 224, 232
Competition, 32, 107, 130–131, 137–138, 167, 232, 238–239
Credit, 4, 6–7, 104, 107, 132–134, 158, 201, 208, 226, 232–233, 240
Crisis
capitalist, 4, 6–7, 11–13, 19–22, 24–25, 56, 75, 107, 117, 133–134, 146, 157, 189–190, 194, 199–200, 202, 206, 210, 216, 222, 226, 233, 244
financial, 33–34, 68, 117, 192, 242–243
Critique, 4, 19–20, 22, 59, 64, 155, 201
Cryptocurrency, 109–110, 240, 243
Currency, 5, 10, 32, 61–62, 65, 99–100, 109, 113, 226–227, 232
Cycle, 74, 95–97, 100, 105, 132, 135–136, 146, 151, 158–159, 182, 200, 203, 208–209, 233, 242–243
Debt, 4, 10–12, 14, 16, 74, 77–78, 97, 105, 112, 224–226, 228, 235, 239
Demand, 6–7, 11, 13, 104, 106, 202, 234–237, 242–243
Derivatives, 8–9, 46–47, 182, 224–225, 239
Development, 14, 22, 32–33, 44, 54, 61–62, 68, 86–87, 109, 128, 134, 160, 175–176, 199–201, 209–210, 216, 232
Distribution, 11, 15, 32–33, 74, 110, 113, 133, 158–159, 167, 217, 239
Dollar, 32, 36, 40–41, 79, 89, 96, 99, 104, 106, 220–221, 226–227, 234, 238–239
Entrepreneur, 129, 209–210, 223–224, 236–237
Exchange rate
fixed, 57–58, 60, 220, 239
floating, 13, 99, 232, 239
Expenditure/expense, 5–6, 11, 23, 168, 226
Exploitation, 55–56, 68, 172–173, 200–201, 203, 218, 223, 227
Factor of production, 190
Fetishism, 19–20, 24–26, 200–201, 207, 210, 224
Finance, 4, 8, 10, 12, 15, 74, 104, 106, 135, 222, 236
Financialization, 4, 13, 200, 203
Form, 4–5, 22–27, 41–42, 55, 62, 69, 75, 96–97, 105–108, 132, 138, 148–149, 153, 157, 160, 168, 200–201, 203, 206–207, 210–211, 215–216, 221–225, 227, 232, 236
Friedman (Milton), 68, 238
Function
of production, 190
of regulation, 132–135
General
equilibrium, 154–155
equivalent, 204–205, 225, 232
Globalization, 136–137, 139, 218
Heterogeneity, 109, 207
Human
needs, 14, 37, 40–41, 58–59, 66, 88, 110, 113, 134–135, 148, 152, 190, 205–206, 226, 228, 237
power, 10–11, 25–26, 32–33, 54, 69, 76, 96, 108, 110, 118, 134, 155–156, 173–174, 190, 202, 217, 226, 232, 239, 243
Individual, 6–7, 21, 24, 74, 76, 104, 134, 137, 148, 153, 172–173, 205–207, 209, 220–221
Inequality, 42, 129, 134, 139, 190, 216–217, 220–221
Inflation, 10, 13, 56–59, 65, 76–77, 79, 100, 176, 178, 232, 234, 240
Input-output table, 33, 37, 39, 42, 44
Institution, 4, 9–10, 12, 14–15, 58–59, 64, 76, 108–110, 112, 118, 121–123, 192, 220, 227, 237
Interest rate, 6, 9, 13, 59–60, 100, 224, 234–236, 242–243
Intermediary, 240–241
International monetary system, 108–109, 232, 238, 240
International trade, 32–33, 108, 131
Issuance, 104–105, 129
Labor
abstract, 20–21, 23, 204
power, 5, 76, 110, 155–156, 168, 190, 205
productive, 190
social, 21, 132, 204–205, 237
time, 6, 32–33, 40–41, 179, 206
value, 39–40, 42, 132, 169–170, 172, 187, 201–202, 205
Long waves, 190, 193–194
Marx (Karl), 4–5, 7–8, 13–14, 19–21, 23, 26–27, 56, 74, 112–113, 131, 136–138, 146–149, 151–153, 155–158, 160, 167, 172, 190–191, 232, 234
Marxism, 19–20, 22, 26–27, 132
Means, 97, 100
of reserve
of production, 5, 9–10, 40–41, 141–142, 148, 170, 173, 205–206
Measure, 5, 22, 34, 36, 42, 46–47, 77, 89, 105, 110, 179, 218, 232–233
Military sector, 55, 239
Model, 42, 54, 121–122, 128, 179, 181, 237
Monetary policy, 4, 13, 54, 62, 66, 100, 224
Money, Capital, 5–8, 13, 100, 104, 133–134, 148–149, 157, 176, 209, 222–224, 236
Multinational firms, 118, 124, 128, 131–132, 135, 138–139
Neoclassical economists, 190
Non-fungible token (NFT), 227
Oligopolies, 130, 132, 137, 192, 218
Organic composition of capital, 151, 153–154, 168, 173, 175, 178, 193–194, 205–206
Ownership, 7–8, 220
Patriarchy, 19–20
Policy, 4, 10–11, 13, 54, 58–59, 68, 74, 99–100, 112, 224, 226, 239
Politics, 61, 231
Power, 5, 26–27, 32–33, 54, 62, 76, 96, 104, 136, 155–156, 168, 173, 190, 205, 217, 232, 243
Price, 6, 8, 14, 32–33, 37, 40–42, 58, 66, 75, 79, 81, 100, 105, 118, 123, 129, 131, 146, 148, 151–152, 157, 160, 170, 178, 187, 191, 201–202, 224–225, 236–237
of production, 12, 132, 146, 151, 157, 160, 170, 187
Process
of capital reproduction, 147, 217
of circulation, 4–6, 23, 110, 158–159, 207
of production, 23, 158–159, 200–201
Production, 4–5, 7, 9, 15, 19–22, 25, 32–33, 41, 47, 62, 75–76, 105, 120–122, 146, 148–150, 169, 172, 187, 190, 194, 200–201, 205, 217–220, 223–224, 227, 234
Productivity, marginal, 98–99
Profit
banking, 112, 129
commercial, 5–6, 67, 225, 228
corporate, 237
fictitious, 201, 203, 225, 227
industrial, 6, 14, 54, 66, 74, 97, 110, 112, 119–120, 123–124, 146, 170, 184, 222–224, 237
rate of, 132, 134–135, 146, 150, 152–153, 158–159, 190–194, 217–218
Property, 7, 32, 184, 202, 209, 224
Public spending, 5–6, 10, 49, 68, 226, 238
Rate of surplus value, 146, 150–151, 168, 172–173, 175–176, 178, 193–194
Regionalization, 4, 12–13, 24–25, 31–32, 40–41, 54, 58, 61–62, 66, 68, 76, 79, 96, 99–100, 104, 106–107, 109–110, 112, 119, 155, 176, 178, 220, 226, 238
Monetary
Relation
capitalist, 204–205
of exploitation, 68, 172–173, 203, 218, 220
inter-individual, 134, 157, 217–218
monetary, 40
social, 75, 208, 215, 225
technical, 13, 134, 174–175, 181, 206
Relocation, 106, 218
Reproduction, 6–7, 10, 47, 75, 156, 200, 205, 217
Resource mobilization, 132–135
Sovereignty, 62, 66, 69, 239
Speculation, 9, 11, 105, 203, 211, 235
State, 4, 6, 9, 11–12, 14, 19–20, 24–25, 58, 69, 79, 130, 147, 190–191, 202, 225–227, 232, 238, 242
Substance, 23–24, 201, 205–206, 210
Supply, 6–7, 49, 60, 121, 129, 134–135, 158, 234, 242–243
Surplus value, 11, 13, 19–20, 75, 85–86, 124, 126, 146, 150–151, 155–156, 173, 176, 178, 193–194, 200, 202, 208, 217–218, 236
Theory, 20, 26–27, 32–33, 39–40, 68, 75, 131–132, 135–138, 160, 167, 189–190, 200, 210, 232
Trade war, 31–33, 35, 42
Transformation, 62, 97, 133–134, 147, 155, 169, 189–190, 210
surplus value, 146–147, 155–156
Transnational corporations. See Multinational firms
Trend, 44, 74, 79, 87–88, 108, 124, 172–173, 176, 194, 218
Trust, 132–135
Turnover of capital, 153, 160
Unequal exchange, 33, 36, 38–39, 44, 47
Unit of account, 111–113
Utility, 76, 151, 219–220
Valorization, 9, 22, 74, 79, 86, 100, 104, 139, 153, 240
Value
chains, 49, 122
composition of capital, 49, 97, 121–122, 129
criticism, 19–20, 23, 25
exchange, 39–44
labor, 36–38
use, 5, 118, 120–121, 123, 204, 222, 232
Wage Earner, 110, 206
Wealth, 9, 11, 32–33, 39, 62, 118, 123–124, 128, 131, 190, 200–201, 203, 217, 235–236
World economy, 65, 74, 122, 219–220, 240
Accumulation
, 7–10, 12, 14, 54, 56, 74–75, 88, 96–97, 156–158, 176, 178–179, 199–200, 202, 210, 217, 220, 222–223, 225, 228, 237
Aggregation
, 77
Alternatives, post-capitalist
, 24
Appearance
, 11, 121, 194, 209
Banks
, 6–7, 10, 54, 58–59, 108, 112, 129, 232, 240
Bubbles (financial)
, 232, 237
Capital
commercial, 6, 12, 160, 225
constant, 41, 134, 150, 153, 168, 170, 172–173, 175–176, 178, 205–206
fictitious, 7–8, 10–11, 13–15, 201–204, 208, 210, 221–222, 225, 227, 231, 234, 236, 243
financial, 13, 234, 243
industrial, 5, 12, 135, 141–142, 146, 151, 222–224, 236
interest-bearing, 4, 8, 201–202, 204, 208–209, 215–216, 221, 224–225
productive, 132–135, 148–149, 156, 177, 190–191, 200, 222
variable, 146, 149–150, 153–154, 159, 168–169, 172–173, 205–206, 218
Capitalism, 4, 14–15, 19–25, 27, 56, 74, 88, 110, 117, 132, 134–135, 192, 194, 201–203, 208–209, 216–218, 228, 234, 236–237
Center/periphery, 56, 68–69, 75, 79
CFA franc, 55, 57, 60–62
Choice, 11, 14, 148, 150–151
Circulation, 5–6, 23, 63, 100, 110, 147–151, 156, 160, 191, 205, 207, 232–233
Class, 7, 19–20, 25, 178, 209, 215–216
struggle, 19–20, 26–27
Colonialism, 54, 69
Commodity, 5–6, 19–21, 24–27, 32–33, 105, 137, 148–149, 160, 204–208, 222, 224, 232
Competition, 32, 107, 130–131, 137–138, 167, 232, 238–239
Credit, 4, 6–7, 104, 107, 132–134, 158, 201, 208, 226, 232–233, 240
Crisis
capitalist, 4, 6–7, 11–13, 19–22, 24–25, 56, 75, 107, 117, 133–134, 146, 157, 189–190, 194, 199–200, 202, 206, 210, 216, 222, 226, 233, 244
financial, 33–34, 68, 117, 192, 242–243
Critique, 4, 19–20, 22, 59, 64, 155, 201
Cryptocurrency, 109–110, 240, 243
Currency, 5, 10, 32, 61–62, 65, 99–100, 109, 113, 226–227, 232
Cycle, 74, 95–97, 100, 105, 132, 135–136, 146, 151, 158–159, 182, 200, 203, 208–209, 233, 242–243
Debt, 4, 10–12, 14, 16, 74, 77–78, 97, 105, 112, 224–226, 228, 235, 239
Demand, 6–7, 11, 13, 104, 106, 202, 234–237, 242–243
Derivatives, 8–9, 46–47, 182, 224–225, 239
Development, 14, 22, 32–33, 44, 54, 61–62, 68, 86–87, 109, 128, 134, 160, 175–176, 199–201, 209–210, 216, 232
Distribution, 11, 15, 32–33, 74, 110, 113, 133, 158–159, 167, 217, 239
Dollar, 32, 36, 40–41, 79, 89, 96, 99, 104, 106, 220–221, 226–227, 234, 238–239
Entrepreneur, 129, 209–210, 223–224, 236–237
Exchange rate
fixed, 57–58, 60, 220, 239
floating, 13, 99, 232, 239
Expenditure/expense, 5–6, 11, 23, 168, 226
Exploitation, 55–56, 68, 172–173, 200–201, 203, 218, 223, 227
Factor of production, 190
Fetishism, 19–20, 24–26, 200–201, 207, 210, 224
Finance, 4, 8, 10, 12, 15, 74, 104, 106, 135, 222, 236
Financialization, 4, 13, 200, 203
Form, 4–5, 22–27, 41–42, 55, 62, 69, 75, 96–97, 105–108, 132, 138, 148–149, 153, 157, 160, 168, 200–201, 203, 206–207, 210–211, 215–216, 221–225, 227, 232, 236
Friedman (Milton), 68, 238
Function
of production, 190
of regulation, 132–135
General
equilibrium, 154–155
equivalent, 204–205, 225, 232
Globalization, 136–137, 139, 218
Heterogeneity, 109, 207
Human
needs, 14, 37, 40–41, 58–59, 66, 88, 110, 113, 134–135, 148, 152, 190, 205–206, 226, 228, 237
power, 10–11, 25–26, 32–33, 54, 69, 76, 96, 108, 110, 118, 134, 155–156, 173–174, 190, 202, 217, 226, 232, 239, 243
Individual, 6–7, 21, 24, 74, 76, 104, 134, 137, 148, 153, 172–173, 205–207, 209, 220–221
Inequality, 42, 129, 134, 139, 190, 216–217, 220–221
Inflation, 10, 13, 56–59, 65, 76–77, 79, 100, 176, 178, 232, 234, 240
Input-output table, 33, 37, 39, 42, 44
Institution, 4, 9–10, 12, 14–15, 58–59, 64, 76, 108–110, 112, 118, 121–123, 192, 220, 227, 237
Interest rate, 6, 9, 13, 59–60, 100, 224, 234–236, 242–243
Intermediary, 240–241
International monetary system, 108–109, 232, 238, 240
International trade, 32–33, 108, 131
Issuance, 104–105, 129
Labor
abstract, 20–21, 23, 204
power, 5, 76, 110, 155–156, 168, 190, 205
productive, 190
social, 21, 132, 204–205, 237
time, 6, 32–33, 40–41, 179, 206
value, 39–40, 42, 132, 169–170, 172, 187, 201–202, 205
Long waves, 190, 193–194
Marx (Karl), 4–5, 7–8, 13–14, 19–21, 23, 26–27, 56, 74, 112–113, 131, 136–138, 146–149, 151–153, 155–158, 160, 167, 172, 190–191, 232, 234
Marxism, 19–20, 22, 26–27, 132
Means, 97, 100
of reserve
of production, 5, 9–10, 40–41, 141–142, 148, 170, 173, 205–206
Measure, 5, 22, 34, 36, 42, 46–47, 77, 89, 105, 110, 179, 218, 232–233
Military sector, 55, 239
Model, 42, 54, 121–122, 128, 179, 181, 237
Monetary policy, 4, 13, 54, 62, 66, 100, 224
Money, Capital, 5–8, 13, 100, 104, 133–134, 148–149, 157, 176, 209, 222–224, 236
Multinational firms, 118, 124, 128, 131–132, 135, 138–139
Neoclassical economists, 190
Non-fungible token (NFT), 227
Oligopolies, 130, 132, 137, 192, 218
Organic composition of capital, 151, 153–154, 168, 173, 175, 178, 193–194, 205–206
Ownership, 7–8, 220
Patriarchy, 19–20
Policy, 4, 10–11, 13, 54, 58–59, 68, 74, 99–100, 112, 224, 226, 239
Politics, 61, 231
Power, 5, 26–27, 32–33, 54, 62, 76, 96, 104, 136, 155–156, 168, 173, 190, 205, 217, 232, 243
Price, 6, 8, 14, 32–33, 37, 40–42, 58, 66, 75, 79, 81, 100, 105, 118, 123, 129, 131, 146, 148, 151–152, 157, 160, 170, 178, 187, 191, 201–202, 224–225, 236–237
of production, 12, 132, 146, 151, 157, 160, 170, 187
Process
of capital reproduction, 147, 217
of circulation, 4–6, 23, 110, 158–159, 207
of production, 23, 158–159, 200–201
Production, 4–5, 7, 9, 15, 19–22, 25, 32–33, 41, 47, 62, 75–76, 105, 120–122, 146, 148–150, 169, 172, 187, 190, 194, 200–201, 205, 217–220, 223–224, 227, 234
Productivity, marginal, 98–99
Profit
banking, 112, 129
commercial, 5–6, 67, 225, 228
corporate, 237
fictitious, 201, 203, 225, 227
industrial, 6, 14, 54, 66, 74, 97, 110, 112, 119–120, 123–124, 146, 170, 184, 222–224, 237
rate of, 132, 134–135, 146, 150, 152–153, 158–159, 190–194, 217–218
Property, 7, 32, 184, 202, 209, 224
Public spending, 5–6, 10, 49, 68, 226, 238
Rate of surplus value, 146, 150–151, 168, 172–173, 175–176, 178, 193–194
Regionalization, 4, 12–13, 24–25, 31–32, 40–41, 54, 58, 61–62, 66, 68, 76, 79, 96, 99–100, 104, 106–107, 109–110, 112, 119, 155, 176, 178, 220, 226, 238
Monetary
Relation
capitalist, 204–205
of exploitation, 68, 172–173, 203, 218, 220
inter-individual, 134, 157, 217–218
monetary, 40
social, 75, 208, 215, 225
technical, 13, 134, 174–175, 181, 206
Relocation, 106, 218
Reproduction, 6–7, 10, 47, 75, 156, 200, 205, 217
Resource mobilization, 132–135
Sovereignty, 62, 66, 69, 239
Speculation, 9, 11, 105, 203, 211, 235
State, 4, 6, 9, 11–12, 14, 19–20, 24–25, 58, 69, 79, 130, 147, 190–191, 202, 225–227, 232, 238, 242
Substance, 23–24, 201, 205–206, 210
Supply, 6–7, 49, 60, 121, 129, 134–135, 158, 234, 242–243
Surplus value, 11, 13, 19–20, 75, 85–86, 124, 126, 146, 150–151, 155–156, 173, 176, 178, 193–194, 200, 202, 208, 217–218, 236
Theory, 20, 26–27, 32–33, 39–40, 68, 75, 131–132, 135–138, 160, 167, 189–190, 200, 210, 232
Trade war, 31–33, 35, 42
Transformation, 62, 97, 133–134, 147, 155, 169, 189–190, 210
surplus value, 146–147, 155–156
Transnational corporations. See Multinational firms
Trend, 44, 74, 79, 87–88, 108, 124, 172–173, 176, 194, 218
Trust, 132–135
Turnover of capital, 153, 160
Unequal exchange, 33, 36, 38–39, 44, 47
Unit of account, 111–113
Utility, 76, 151, 219–220
Valorization, 9, 22, 74, 79, 86, 100, 104, 139, 153, 240
Value
chains, 49, 122
composition of capital, 49, 97, 121–122, 129
criticism, 19–20, 23, 25
exchange, 39–44
labor, 36–38
use, 5, 118, 120–121, 123, 204, 222, 232
Wage Earner, 110, 206
Wealth, 9, 11, 32–33, 39, 62, 118, 123–124, 128, 131, 190, 200–201, 203, 217, 235–236
World economy, 65, 74, 122, 219–220, 240
Capital
commercial
, 6, 12, 160, 225
constant
, 41, 134, 150, 153, 168, 170, 172–173, 175–176, 178, 205–206
fictitious
, 7–8, 10–11, 13–15, 201–204, 208, 210, 221–222, 225, 227, 231, 234, 236, 243
financial
, 13, 234, 243
industrial
, 5, 12, 135, 141–142, 146, 151, 222–224, 236
interest-bearing
, 4, 8, 201–202, 204, 208–209, 215–216, 221, 224–225
productive
, 132–135, 148–149, 156, 177, 190–191, 200, 222
variable
, 146, 149–150, 153–154, 159, 168–169, 172–173, 205–206, 218
Capitalism
, 4, 14–15, 19–25, 27, 56, 74, 88, 110, 117, 132, 134–135, 192, 194, 201–203, 208–209, 216–218, 228, 234, 236–237
Center/periphery
, 56, 68–69, 75, 79
CFA franc
, 55, 57, 60–62
Choice
, 11, 14, 148, 150–151
Circulation
, 5–6, 23, 63, 100, 110, 147–151, 156, 160, 191, 205, 207, 232–233
Class
, 7, 19–20, 25, 178, 209, 215–216
struggle
, 19–20, 26–27
Colonialism
, 54, 69
Commodity
, 5–6, 19–21, 24–27, 32–33, 105, 137, 148–149, 160, 204–208, 222, 224, 232
Competition
, 32, 107, 130–131, 137–138, 167, 232, 238–239
Credit
, 4, 6–7, 104, 107, 132–134, 158, 201, 208, 226, 232–233, 240
Crisis
capitalist
, 4, 6–7, 11–13, 19–22, 24–25, 56, 75, 107, 117, 133–134, 146, 157, 189–190, 194, 199–200, 202, 206, 210, 216, 222, 226, 233, 244
financial
, 33–34, 68, 117, 192, 242–243
Critique
, 4, 19–20, 22, 59, 64, 155, 201
Cryptocurrency
, 109–110, 240, 243
Currency
, 5, 10, 32, 61–62, 65, 99–100, 109, 113, 226–227, 232
Cycle
, 74, 95–97, 100, 105, 132, 135–136, 146, 151, 158–159, 182, 200, 203, 208–209, 233, 242–243
Debt
, 4, 10–12, 14, 16, 74, 77–78, 97, 105, 112, 224–226, 228, 235, 239
Demand
, 6–7, 11, 13, 104, 106, 202, 234–237, 242–243
Derivatives
, 8–9, 46–47, 182, 224–225, 239
Development
, 14, 22, 32–33, 44, 54, 61–62, 68, 86–87, 109, 128, 134, 160, 175–176, 199–201, 209–210, 216, 232
Distribution
, 11, 15, 32–33, 74, 110, 113, 133, 158–159, 167, 217, 239
Dollar
, 32, 36, 40–41, 79, 89, 96, 99, 104, 106, 220–221, 226–227, 234, 238–239
Entrepreneur, 129, 209–210, 223–224, 236–237
Exchange rate
fixed, 57–58, 60, 220, 239
floating, 13, 99, 232, 239
Expenditure/expense, 5–6, 11, 23, 168, 226
Exploitation, 55–56, 68, 172–173, 200–201, 203, 218, 223, 227
Factor of production, 190
Fetishism, 19–20, 24–26, 200–201, 207, 210, 224
Finance, 4, 8, 10, 12, 15, 74, 104, 106, 135, 222, 236
Financialization, 4, 13, 200, 203
Form, 4–5, 22–27, 41–42, 55, 62, 69, 75, 96–97, 105–108, 132, 138, 148–149, 153, 157, 160, 168, 200–201, 203, 206–207, 210–211, 215–216, 221–225, 227, 232, 236
Friedman (Milton), 68, 238
Function
of production, 190
of regulation, 132–135
General
equilibrium, 154–155
equivalent, 204–205, 225, 232
Globalization, 136–137, 139, 218
Heterogeneity, 109, 207
Human
needs, 14, 37, 40–41, 58–59, 66, 88, 110, 113, 134–135, 148, 152, 190, 205–206, 226, 228, 237
power, 10–11, 25–26, 32–33, 54, 69, 76, 96, 108, 110, 118, 134, 155–156, 173–174, 190, 202, 217, 226, 232, 239, 243
Individual, 6–7, 21, 24, 74, 76, 104, 134, 137, 148, 153, 172–173, 205–207, 209, 220–221
Inequality, 42, 129, 134, 139, 190, 216–217, 220–221
Inflation, 10, 13, 56–59, 65, 76–77, 79, 100, 176, 178, 232, 234, 240
Input-output table, 33, 37, 39, 42, 44
Institution, 4, 9–10, 12, 14–15, 58–59, 64, 76, 108–110, 112, 118, 121–123, 192, 220, 227, 237
Interest rate, 6, 9, 13, 59–60, 100, 224, 234–236, 242–243
Intermediary, 240–241
International monetary system, 108–109, 232, 238, 240
International trade, 32–33, 108, 131
Issuance, 104–105, 129
Labor
abstract, 20–21, 23, 204
power, 5, 76, 110, 155–156, 168, 190, 205
productive, 190
social, 21, 132, 204–205, 237
time, 6, 32–33, 40–41, 179, 206
value, 39–40, 42, 132, 169–170, 172, 187, 201–202, 205
Long waves, 190, 193–194
Marx (Karl), 4–5, 7–8, 13–14, 19–21, 23, 26–27, 56, 74, 112–113, 131, 136–138, 146–149, 151–153, 155–158, 160, 167, 172, 190–191, 232, 234
Marxism, 19–20, 22, 26–27, 132
Means, 97, 100
of reserve
of production, 5, 9–10, 40–41, 141–142, 148, 170, 173, 205–206
Measure, 5, 22, 34, 36, 42, 46–47, 77, 89, 105, 110, 179, 218, 232–233
Military sector, 55, 239
Model, 42, 54, 121–122, 128, 179, 181, 237
Monetary policy, 4, 13, 54, 62, 66, 100, 224
Money, Capital, 5–8, 13, 100, 104, 133–134, 148–149, 157, 176, 209, 222–224, 236
Multinational firms, 118, 124, 128, 131–132, 135, 138–139
Neoclassical economists, 190
Non-fungible token (NFT), 227
Oligopolies, 130, 132, 137, 192, 218
Organic composition of capital, 151, 153–154, 168, 173, 175, 178, 193–194, 205–206
Ownership, 7–8, 220
Patriarchy, 19–20
Policy, 4, 10–11, 13, 54, 58–59, 68, 74, 99–100, 112, 224, 226, 239
Politics, 61, 231
Power, 5, 26–27, 32–33, 54, 62, 76, 96, 104, 136, 155–156, 168, 173, 190, 205, 217, 232, 243
Price, 6, 8, 14, 32–33, 37, 40–42, 58, 66, 75, 79, 81, 100, 105, 118, 123, 129, 131, 146, 148, 151–152, 157, 160, 170, 178, 187, 191, 201–202, 224–225, 236–237
of production, 12, 132, 146, 151, 157, 160, 170, 187
Process
of capital reproduction, 147, 217
of circulation, 4–6, 23, 110, 158–159, 207
of production, 23, 158–159, 200–201
Production, 4–5, 7, 9, 15, 19–22, 25, 32–33, 41, 47, 62, 75–76, 105, 120–122, 146, 148–150, 169, 172, 187, 190, 194, 200–201, 205, 217–220, 223–224, 227, 234
Productivity, marginal, 98–99
Profit
banking, 112, 129
commercial, 5–6, 67, 225, 228
corporate, 237
fictitious, 201, 203, 225, 227
industrial, 6, 14, 54, 66, 74, 97, 110, 112, 119–120, 123–124, 146, 170, 184, 222–224, 237
rate of, 132, 134–135, 146, 150, 152–153, 158–159, 190–194, 217–218
Property, 7, 32, 184, 202, 209, 224
Public spending, 5–6, 10, 49, 68, 226, 238
Rate of surplus value, 146, 150–151, 168, 172–173, 175–176, 178, 193–194
Regionalization, 4, 12–13, 24–25, 31–32, 40–41, 54, 58, 61–62, 66, 68, 76, 79, 96, 99–100, 104, 106–107, 109–110, 112, 119, 155, 176, 178, 220, 226, 238
Monetary
Relation
capitalist, 204–205
of exploitation, 68, 172–173, 203, 218, 220
inter-individual, 134, 157, 217–218
monetary, 40
social, 75, 208, 215, 225
technical, 13, 134, 174–175, 181, 206
Relocation, 106, 218
Reproduction, 6–7, 10, 47, 75, 156, 200, 205, 217
Resource mobilization, 132–135
Sovereignty, 62, 66, 69, 239
Speculation, 9, 11, 105, 203, 211, 235
State, 4, 6, 9, 11–12, 14, 19–20, 24–25, 58, 69, 79, 130, 147, 190–191, 202, 225–227, 232, 238, 242
Substance, 23–24, 201, 205–206, 210
Supply, 6–7, 49, 60, 121, 129, 134–135, 158, 234, 242–243
Surplus value, 11, 13, 19–20, 75, 85–86, 124, 126, 146, 150–151, 155–156, 173, 176, 178, 193–194, 200, 202, 208, 217–218, 236
Theory, 20, 26–27, 32–33, 39–40, 68, 75, 131–132, 135–138, 160, 167, 189–190, 200, 210, 232
Trade war, 31–33, 35, 42
Transformation, 62, 97, 133–134, 147, 155, 169, 189–190, 210
surplus value, 146–147, 155–156
Transnational corporations. See Multinational firms
Trend, 44, 74, 79, 87–88, 108, 124, 172–173, 176, 194, 218
Trust, 132–135
Turnover of capital, 153, 160
Unequal exchange, 33, 36, 38–39, 44, 47
Unit of account, 111–113
Utility, 76, 151, 219–220
Valorization, 9, 22, 74, 79, 86, 100, 104, 139, 153, 240
Value
chains, 49, 122
composition of capital, 49, 97, 121–122, 129
criticism, 19–20, 23, 25
exchange, 39–44
labor, 36–38
use, 5, 118, 120–121, 123, 204, 222, 232
Wage Earner, 110, 206
Wealth, 9, 11, 32–33, 39, 62, 118, 123–124, 128, 131, 190, 200–201, 203, 217, 235–236
World economy, 65, 74, 122, 219–220, 240
Entrepreneur
, 129, 209–210, 223–224, 236–237
Exchange rate
fixed
, 57–58, 60, 220, 239
floating
, 13, 99, 232, 239
Expenditure/expense
, 5–6, 11, 23, 168, 226
Exploitation
, 55–56, 68, 172–173, 200–201, 203, 218, 223, 227
Factor of production
, 190
Fetishism
, 19–20, 24–26, 200–201, 207, 210, 224
Finance
, 4, 8, 10, 12, 15, 74, 104, 106, 135, 222, 236
Financialization
, 4, 13, 200, 203
Form
, 4–5, 22–27, 41–42, 55, 62, 69, 75, 96–97, 105–108, 132, 138, 148–149, 153, 157, 160, 168, 200–201, 203, 206–207, 210–211, 215–216, 221–225, 227, 232, 236
Friedman (Milton)
, 68, 238
Function
of production
, 190
of regulation
, 132–135
General
equilibrium, 154–155
equivalent, 204–205, 225, 232
Globalization, 136–137, 139, 218
Heterogeneity, 109, 207
Human
needs, 14, 37, 40–41, 58–59, 66, 88, 110, 113, 134–135, 148, 152, 190, 205–206, 226, 228, 237
power, 10–11, 25–26, 32–33, 54, 69, 76, 96, 108, 110, 118, 134, 155–156, 173–174, 190, 202, 217, 226, 232, 239, 243
Individual, 6–7, 21, 24, 74, 76, 104, 134, 137, 148, 153, 172–173, 205–207, 209, 220–221
Inequality, 42, 129, 134, 139, 190, 216–217, 220–221
Inflation, 10, 13, 56–59, 65, 76–77, 79, 100, 176, 178, 232, 234, 240
Input-output table, 33, 37, 39, 42, 44
Institution, 4, 9–10, 12, 14–15, 58–59, 64, 76, 108–110, 112, 118, 121–123, 192, 220, 227, 237
Interest rate, 6, 9, 13, 59–60, 100, 224, 234–236, 242–243
Intermediary, 240–241
International monetary system, 108–109, 232, 238, 240
International trade, 32–33, 108, 131
Issuance, 104–105, 129
Labor
abstract, 20–21, 23, 204
power, 5, 76, 110, 155–156, 168, 190, 205
productive, 190
social, 21, 132, 204–205, 237
time, 6, 32–33, 40–41, 179, 206
value, 39–40, 42, 132, 169–170, 172, 187, 201–202, 205
Long waves, 190, 193–194
Marx (Karl), 4–5, 7–8, 13–14, 19–21, 23, 26–27, 56, 74, 112–113, 131, 136–138, 146–149, 151–153, 155–158, 160, 167, 172, 190–191, 232, 234
Marxism, 19–20, 22, 26–27, 132
Means, 97, 100
of reserve
of production, 5, 9–10, 40–41, 141–142, 148, 170, 173, 205–206
Measure, 5, 22, 34, 36, 42, 46–47, 77, 89, 105, 110, 179, 218, 232–233
Military sector, 55, 239
Model, 42, 54, 121–122, 128, 179, 181, 237
Monetary policy, 4, 13, 54, 62, 66, 100, 224
Money, Capital, 5–8, 13, 100, 104, 133–134, 148–149, 157, 176, 209, 222–224, 236
Multinational firms, 118, 124, 128, 131–132, 135, 138–139
Neoclassical economists, 190
Non-fungible token (NFT), 227
Oligopolies, 130, 132, 137, 192, 218
Organic composition of capital, 151, 153–154, 168, 173, 175, 178, 193–194, 205–206
Ownership, 7–8, 220
Patriarchy, 19–20
Policy, 4, 10–11, 13, 54, 58–59, 68, 74, 99–100, 112, 224, 226, 239
Politics, 61, 231
Power, 5, 26–27, 32–33, 54, 62, 76, 96, 104, 136, 155–156, 168, 173, 190, 205, 217, 232, 243
Price, 6, 8, 14, 32–33, 37, 40–42, 58, 66, 75, 79, 81, 100, 105, 118, 123, 129, 131, 146, 148, 151–152, 157, 160, 170, 178, 187, 191, 201–202, 224–225, 236–237
of production, 12, 132, 146, 151, 157, 160, 170, 187
Process
of capital reproduction, 147, 217
of circulation, 4–6, 23, 110, 158–159, 207
of production, 23, 158–159, 200–201
Production, 4–5, 7, 9, 15, 19–22, 25, 32–33, 41, 47, 62, 75–76, 105, 120–122, 146, 148–150, 169, 172, 187, 190, 194, 200–201, 205, 217–220, 223–224, 227, 234
Productivity, marginal, 98–99
Profit
banking, 112, 129
commercial, 5–6, 67, 225, 228
corporate, 237
fictitious, 201, 203, 225, 227
industrial, 6, 14, 54, 66, 74, 97, 110, 112, 119–120, 123–124, 146, 170, 184, 222–224, 237
rate of, 132, 134–135, 146, 150, 152–153, 158–159, 190–194, 217–218
Property, 7, 32, 184, 202, 209, 224
Public spending, 5–6, 10, 49, 68, 226, 238
Rate of surplus value, 146, 150–151, 168, 172–173, 175–176, 178, 193–194
Regionalization, 4, 12–13, 24–25, 31–32, 40–41, 54, 58, 61–62, 66, 68, 76, 79, 96, 99–100, 104, 106–107, 109–110, 112, 119, 155, 176, 178, 220, 226, 238
Monetary
Relation
capitalist, 204–205
of exploitation, 68, 172–173, 203, 218, 220
inter-individual, 134, 157, 217–218
monetary, 40
social, 75, 208, 215, 225
technical, 13, 134, 174–175, 181, 206
Relocation, 106, 218
Reproduction, 6–7, 10, 47, 75, 156, 200, 205, 217
Resource mobilization, 132–135
Sovereignty, 62, 66, 69, 239
Speculation, 9, 11, 105, 203, 211, 235
State, 4, 6, 9, 11–12, 14, 19–20, 24–25, 58, 69, 79, 130, 147, 190–191, 202, 225–227, 232, 238, 242
Substance, 23–24, 201, 205–206, 210
Supply, 6–7, 49, 60, 121, 129, 134–135, 158, 234, 242–243
Surplus value, 11, 13, 19–20, 75, 85–86, 124, 126, 146, 150–151, 155–156, 173, 176, 178, 193–194, 200, 202, 208, 217–218, 236
Theory, 20, 26–27, 32–33, 39–40, 68, 75, 131–132, 135–138, 160, 167, 189–190, 200, 210, 232
Trade war, 31–33, 35, 42
Transformation, 62, 97, 133–134, 147, 155, 169, 189–190, 210
surplus value, 146–147, 155–156
Transnational corporations. See Multinational firms
Trend, 44, 74, 79, 87–88, 108, 124, 172–173, 176, 194, 218
Trust, 132–135
Turnover of capital, 153, 160
Unequal exchange, 33, 36, 38–39, 44, 47
Unit of account, 111–113
Utility, 76, 151, 219–220
Valorization, 9, 22, 74, 79, 86, 100, 104, 139, 153, 240
Value
chains, 49, 122
composition of capital, 49, 97, 121–122, 129
criticism, 19–20, 23, 25
exchange, 39–44
labor, 36–38
use, 5, 118, 120–121, 123, 204, 222, 232
Wage Earner, 110, 206
Wealth, 9, 11, 32–33, 39, 62, 118, 123–124, 128, 131, 190, 200–201, 203, 217, 235–236
World economy, 65, 74, 122, 219–220, 240
General
equilibrium
, 154–155
equivalent
, 204–205, 225, 232
Globalization
, 136–137, 139, 218
Heterogeneity
, 109, 207
Human
needs
, 14, 37, 40–41, 58–59, 66, 88, 110, 113, 134–135, 148, 152, 190, 205–206, 226, 228, 237
power
, 10–11, 25–26, 32–33, 54, 69, 76, 96, 108, 110, 118, 134, 155–156, 173–174, 190, 202, 217, 226, 232, 239, 243
Individual, 6–7, 21, 24, 74, 76, 104, 134, 137, 148, 153, 172–173, 205–207, 209, 220–221
Inequality, 42, 129, 134, 139, 190, 216–217, 220–221
Inflation, 10, 13, 56–59, 65, 76–77, 79, 100, 176, 178, 232, 234, 240
Input-output table, 33, 37, 39, 42, 44
Institution, 4, 9–10, 12, 14–15, 58–59, 64, 76, 108–110, 112, 118, 121–123, 192, 220, 227, 237
Interest rate, 6, 9, 13, 59–60, 100, 224, 234–236, 242–243
Intermediary, 240–241
International monetary system, 108–109, 232, 238, 240
International trade, 32–33, 108, 131
Issuance, 104–105, 129
Labor
abstract, 20–21, 23, 204
power, 5, 76, 110, 155–156, 168, 190, 205
productive, 190
social, 21, 132, 204–205, 237
time, 6, 32–33, 40–41, 179, 206
value, 39–40, 42, 132, 169–170, 172, 187, 201–202, 205
Long waves, 190, 193–194
Marx (Karl), 4–5, 7–8, 13–14, 19–21, 23, 26–27, 56, 74, 112–113, 131, 136–138, 146–149, 151–153, 155–158, 160, 167, 172, 190–191, 232, 234
Marxism, 19–20, 22, 26–27, 132
Means, 97, 100
of reserve
of production, 5, 9–10, 40–41, 141–142, 148, 170, 173, 205–206
Measure, 5, 22, 34, 36, 42, 46–47, 77, 89, 105, 110, 179, 218, 232–233
Military sector, 55, 239
Model, 42, 54, 121–122, 128, 179, 181, 237
Monetary policy, 4, 13, 54, 62, 66, 100, 224
Money, Capital, 5–8, 13, 100, 104, 133–134, 148–149, 157, 176, 209, 222–224, 236
Multinational firms, 118, 124, 128, 131–132, 135, 138–139
Neoclassical economists, 190
Non-fungible token (NFT), 227
Oligopolies, 130, 132, 137, 192, 218
Organic composition of capital, 151, 153–154, 168, 173, 175, 178, 193–194, 205–206
Ownership, 7–8, 220
Patriarchy, 19–20
Policy, 4, 10–11, 13, 54, 58–59, 68, 74, 99–100, 112, 224, 226, 239
Politics, 61, 231
Power, 5, 26–27, 32–33, 54, 62, 76, 96, 104, 136, 155–156, 168, 173, 190, 205, 217, 232, 243
Price, 6, 8, 14, 32–33, 37, 40–42, 58, 66, 75, 79, 81, 100, 105, 118, 123, 129, 131, 146, 148, 151–152, 157, 160, 170, 178, 187, 191, 201–202, 224–225, 236–237
of production, 12, 132, 146, 151, 157, 160, 170, 187
Process
of capital reproduction, 147, 217
of circulation, 4–6, 23, 110, 158–159, 207
of production, 23, 158–159, 200–201
Production, 4–5, 7, 9, 15, 19–22, 25, 32–33, 41, 47, 62, 75–76, 105, 120–122, 146, 148–150, 169, 172, 187, 190, 194, 200–201, 205, 217–220, 223–224, 227, 234
Productivity, marginal, 98–99
Profit
banking, 112, 129
commercial, 5–6, 67, 225, 228
corporate, 237
fictitious, 201, 203, 225, 227
industrial, 6, 14, 54, 66, 74, 97, 110, 112, 119–120, 123–124, 146, 170, 184, 222–224, 237
rate of, 132, 134–135, 146, 150, 152–153, 158–159, 190–194, 217–218
Property, 7, 32, 184, 202, 209, 224
Public spending, 5–6, 10, 49, 68, 226, 238
Rate of surplus value, 146, 150–151, 168, 172–173, 175–176, 178, 193–194
Regionalization, 4, 12–13, 24–25, 31–32, 40–41, 54, 58, 61–62, 66, 68, 76, 79, 96, 99–100, 104, 106–107, 109–110, 112, 119, 155, 176, 178, 220, 226, 238
Monetary
Relation
capitalist, 204–205
of exploitation, 68, 172–173, 203, 218, 220
inter-individual, 134, 157, 217–218
monetary, 40
social, 75, 208, 215, 225
technical, 13, 134, 174–175, 181, 206
Relocation, 106, 218
Reproduction, 6–7, 10, 47, 75, 156, 200, 205, 217
Resource mobilization, 132–135
Sovereignty, 62, 66, 69, 239
Speculation, 9, 11, 105, 203, 211, 235
State, 4, 6, 9, 11–12, 14, 19–20, 24–25, 58, 69, 79, 130, 147, 190–191, 202, 225–227, 232, 238, 242
Substance, 23–24, 201, 205–206, 210
Supply, 6–7, 49, 60, 121, 129, 134–135, 158, 234, 242–243
Surplus value, 11, 13, 19–20, 75, 85–86, 124, 126, 146, 150–151, 155–156, 173, 176, 178, 193–194, 200, 202, 208, 217–218, 236
Theory, 20, 26–27, 32–33, 39–40, 68, 75, 131–132, 135–138, 160, 167, 189–190, 200, 210, 232
Trade war, 31–33, 35, 42
Transformation, 62, 97, 133–134, 147, 155, 169, 189–190, 210
surplus value, 146–147, 155–156
Transnational corporations. See Multinational firms
Trend, 44, 74, 79, 87–88, 108, 124, 172–173, 176, 194, 218
Trust, 132–135
Turnover of capital, 153, 160
Unequal exchange, 33, 36, 38–39, 44, 47
Unit of account, 111–113
Utility, 76, 151, 219–220
Valorization, 9, 22, 74, 79, 86, 100, 104, 139, 153, 240
Value
chains, 49, 122
composition of capital, 49, 97, 121–122, 129
criticism, 19–20, 23, 25
exchange, 39–44
labor, 36–38
use, 5, 118, 120–121, 123, 204, 222, 232
Wage Earner, 110, 206
Wealth, 9, 11, 32–33, 39, 62, 118, 123–124, 128, 131, 190, 200–201, 203, 217, 235–236
World economy, 65, 74, 122, 219–220, 240
Individual
, 6–7, 21, 24, 74, 76, 104, 134, 137, 148, 153, 172–173, 205–207, 209, 220–221
Inequality
, 42, 129, 134, 139, 190, 216–217, 220–221
Inflation
, 10, 13, 56–59, 65, 76–77, 79, 100, 176, 178, 232, 234, 240
Input-output table
, 33, 37, 39, 42, 44
Institution
, 4, 9–10, 12, 14–15, 58–59, 64, 76, 108–110, 112, 118, 121–123, 192, 220, 227, 237
Interest rate
, 6, 9, 13, 59–60, 100, 224, 234–236, 242–243
Intermediary
, 240–241
International monetary system
, 108–109, 232, 238, 240
International trade
, 32–33, 108, 131
Issuance
, 104–105, 129
Labor
abstract
, 20–21, 23, 204
power
, 5, 76, 110, 155–156, 168, 190, 205
productive
, 190
social
, 21, 132, 204–205, 237
time
, 6, 32–33, 40–41, 179, 206
value
, 39–40, 42, 132, 169–170, 172, 187, 201–202, 205
Long waves
, 190, 193–194
Marx (Karl), 4–5, 7–8, 13–14, 19–21, 23, 26–27, 56, 74, 112–113, 131, 136–138, 146–149, 151–153, 155–158, 160, 167, 172, 190–191, 232, 234
Marxism, 19–20, 22, 26–27, 132
Means, 97, 100
of reserve
of production, 5, 9–10, 40–41, 141–142, 148, 170, 173, 205–206
Measure, 5, 22, 34, 36, 42, 46–47, 77, 89, 105, 110, 179, 218, 232–233
Military sector, 55, 239
Model, 42, 54, 121–122, 128, 179, 181, 237
Monetary policy, 4, 13, 54, 62, 66, 100, 224
Money, Capital, 5–8, 13, 100, 104, 133–134, 148–149, 157, 176, 209, 222–224, 236
Multinational firms, 118, 124, 128, 131–132, 135, 138–139
Neoclassical economists, 190
Non-fungible token (NFT), 227
Oligopolies, 130, 132, 137, 192, 218
Organic composition of capital, 151, 153–154, 168, 173, 175, 178, 193–194, 205–206
Ownership, 7–8, 220
Patriarchy, 19–20
Policy, 4, 10–11, 13, 54, 58–59, 68, 74, 99–100, 112, 224, 226, 239
Politics, 61, 231
Power, 5, 26–27, 32–33, 54, 62, 76, 96, 104, 136, 155–156, 168, 173, 190, 205, 217, 232, 243
Price, 6, 8, 14, 32–33, 37, 40–42, 58, 66, 75, 79, 81, 100, 105, 118, 123, 129, 131, 146, 148, 151–152, 157, 160, 170, 178, 187, 191, 201–202, 224–225, 236–237
of production, 12, 132, 146, 151, 157, 160, 170, 187
Process
of capital reproduction, 147, 217
of circulation, 4–6, 23, 110, 158–159, 207
of production, 23, 158–159, 200–201
Production, 4–5, 7, 9, 15, 19–22, 25, 32–33, 41, 47, 62, 75–76, 105, 120–122, 146, 148–150, 169, 172, 187, 190, 194, 200–201, 205, 217–220, 223–224, 227, 234
Productivity, marginal, 98–99
Profit
banking, 112, 129
commercial, 5–6, 67, 225, 228
corporate, 237
fictitious, 201, 203, 225, 227
industrial, 6, 14, 54, 66, 74, 97, 110, 112, 119–120, 123–124, 146, 170, 184, 222–224, 237
rate of, 132, 134–135, 146, 150, 152–153, 158–159, 190–194, 217–218
Property, 7, 32, 184, 202, 209, 224
Public spending, 5–6, 10, 49, 68, 226, 238
Rate of surplus value, 146, 150–151, 168, 172–173, 175–176, 178, 193–194
Regionalization, 4, 12–13, 24–25, 31–32, 40–41, 54, 58, 61–62, 66, 68, 76, 79, 96, 99–100, 104, 106–107, 109–110, 112, 119, 155, 176, 178, 220, 226, 238
Monetary
Relation
capitalist, 204–205
of exploitation, 68, 172–173, 203, 218, 220
inter-individual, 134, 157, 217–218
monetary, 40
social, 75, 208, 215, 225
technical, 13, 134, 174–175, 181, 206
Relocation, 106, 218
Reproduction, 6–7, 10, 47, 75, 156, 200, 205, 217
Resource mobilization, 132–135
Sovereignty, 62, 66, 69, 239
Speculation, 9, 11, 105, 203, 211, 235
State, 4, 6, 9, 11–12, 14, 19–20, 24–25, 58, 69, 79, 130, 147, 190–191, 202, 225–227, 232, 238, 242
Substance, 23–24, 201, 205–206, 210
Supply, 6–7, 49, 60, 121, 129, 134–135, 158, 234, 242–243
Surplus value, 11, 13, 19–20, 75, 85–86, 124, 126, 146, 150–151, 155–156, 173, 176, 178, 193–194, 200, 202, 208, 217–218, 236
Theory, 20, 26–27, 32–33, 39–40, 68, 75, 131–132, 135–138, 160, 167, 189–190, 200, 210, 232
Trade war, 31–33, 35, 42
Transformation, 62, 97, 133–134, 147, 155, 169, 189–190, 210
surplus value, 146–147, 155–156
Transnational corporations. See Multinational firms
Trend, 44, 74, 79, 87–88, 108, 124, 172–173, 176, 194, 218
Trust, 132–135
Turnover of capital, 153, 160
Unequal exchange, 33, 36, 38–39, 44, 47
Unit of account, 111–113
Utility, 76, 151, 219–220
Valorization, 9, 22, 74, 79, 86, 100, 104, 139, 153, 240
Value
chains, 49, 122
composition of capital, 49, 97, 121–122, 129
criticism, 19–20, 23, 25
exchange, 39–44
labor, 36–38
use, 5, 118, 120–121, 123, 204, 222, 232
Wage Earner, 110, 206
Wealth, 9, 11, 32–33, 39, 62, 118, 123–124, 128, 131, 190, 200–201, 203, 217, 235–236
World economy, 65, 74, 122, 219–220, 240
Marx (Karl)
, 4–5, 7–8, 13–14, 19–21, 23, 26–27, 56, 74, 112–113, 131, 136–138, 146–149, 151–153, 155–158, 160, 167, 172, 190–191, 232, 234
Marxism
, 19–20, 22, 26–27, 132
Means
, 97, 100
of reserve
of production
, 5, 9–10, 40–41, 141–142, 148, 170, 173, 205–206
Measure
, 5, 22, 34, 36, 42, 46–47, 77, 89, 105, 110, 179, 218, 232–233
Military sector
, 55, 239
Model
, 42, 54, 121–122, 128, 179, 181, 237
Monetary policy
, 4, 13, 54, 62, 66, 100, 224
Money, Capital
, 5–8, 13, 100, 104, 133–134, 148–149, 157, 176, 209, 222–224, 236
Multinational firms
, 118, 124, 128, 131–132, 135, 138–139
Neoclassical economists
, 190
Non-fungible token (NFT)
, 227
Oligopolies, 130, 132, 137, 192, 218
Organic composition of capital, 151, 153–154, 168, 173, 175, 178, 193–194, 205–206
Ownership, 7–8, 220
Patriarchy, 19–20
Policy, 4, 10–11, 13, 54, 58–59, 68, 74, 99–100, 112, 224, 226, 239
Politics, 61, 231
Power, 5, 26–27, 32–33, 54, 62, 76, 96, 104, 136, 155–156, 168, 173, 190, 205, 217, 232, 243
Price, 6, 8, 14, 32–33, 37, 40–42, 58, 66, 75, 79, 81, 100, 105, 118, 123, 129, 131, 146, 148, 151–152, 157, 160, 170, 178, 187, 191, 201–202, 224–225, 236–237
of production, 12, 132, 146, 151, 157, 160, 170, 187
Process
of capital reproduction, 147, 217
of circulation, 4–6, 23, 110, 158–159, 207
of production, 23, 158–159, 200–201
Production, 4–5, 7, 9, 15, 19–22, 25, 32–33, 41, 47, 62, 75–76, 105, 120–122, 146, 148–150, 169, 172, 187, 190, 194, 200–201, 205, 217–220, 223–224, 227, 234
Productivity, marginal, 98–99
Profit
banking, 112, 129
commercial, 5–6, 67, 225, 228
corporate, 237
fictitious, 201, 203, 225, 227
industrial, 6, 14, 54, 66, 74, 97, 110, 112, 119–120, 123–124, 146, 170, 184, 222–224, 237
rate of, 132, 134–135, 146, 150, 152–153, 158–159, 190–194, 217–218
Property, 7, 32, 184, 202, 209, 224
Public spending, 5–6, 10, 49, 68, 226, 238
Rate of surplus value, 146, 150–151, 168, 172–173, 175–176, 178, 193–194
Regionalization, 4, 12–13, 24–25, 31–32, 40–41, 54, 58, 61–62, 66, 68, 76, 79, 96, 99–100, 104, 106–107, 109–110, 112, 119, 155, 176, 178, 220, 226, 238
Monetary
Relation
capitalist, 204–205
of exploitation, 68, 172–173, 203, 218, 220
inter-individual, 134, 157, 217–218
monetary, 40
social, 75, 208, 215, 225
technical, 13, 134, 174–175, 181, 206
Relocation, 106, 218
Reproduction, 6–7, 10, 47, 75, 156, 200, 205, 217
Resource mobilization, 132–135
Sovereignty, 62, 66, 69, 239
Speculation, 9, 11, 105, 203, 211, 235
State, 4, 6, 9, 11–12, 14, 19–20, 24–25, 58, 69, 79, 130, 147, 190–191, 202, 225–227, 232, 238, 242
Substance, 23–24, 201, 205–206, 210
Supply, 6–7, 49, 60, 121, 129, 134–135, 158, 234, 242–243
Surplus value, 11, 13, 19–20, 75, 85–86, 124, 126, 146, 150–151, 155–156, 173, 176, 178, 193–194, 200, 202, 208, 217–218, 236
Theory, 20, 26–27, 32–33, 39–40, 68, 75, 131–132, 135–138, 160, 167, 189–190, 200, 210, 232
Trade war, 31–33, 35, 42
Transformation, 62, 97, 133–134, 147, 155, 169, 189–190, 210
surplus value, 146–147, 155–156
Transnational corporations. See Multinational firms
Trend, 44, 74, 79, 87–88, 108, 124, 172–173, 176, 194, 218
Trust, 132–135
Turnover of capital, 153, 160
Unequal exchange, 33, 36, 38–39, 44, 47
Unit of account, 111–113
Utility, 76, 151, 219–220
Valorization, 9, 22, 74, 79, 86, 100, 104, 139, 153, 240
Value
chains, 49, 122
composition of capital, 49, 97, 121–122, 129
criticism, 19–20, 23, 25
exchange, 39–44
labor, 36–38
use, 5, 118, 120–121, 123, 204, 222, 232
Wage Earner, 110, 206
Wealth, 9, 11, 32–33, 39, 62, 118, 123–124, 128, 131, 190, 200–201, 203, 217, 235–236
World economy, 65, 74, 122, 219–220, 240
Oligopolies
, 130, 132, 137, 192, 218
Organic composition of capital
, 151, 153–154, 168, 173, 175, 178, 193–194, 205–206
Ownership
, 7–8, 220
Patriarchy
, 19–20
Policy
, 4, 10–11, 13, 54, 58–59, 68, 74, 99–100, 112, 224, 226, 239
Politics
, 61, 231
Power
, 5, 26–27, 32–33, 54, 62, 76, 96, 104, 136, 155–156, 168, 173, 190, 205, 217, 232, 243
Price
, 6, 8, 14, 32–33, 37, 40–42, 58, 66, 75, 79, 81, 100, 105, 118, 123, 129, 131, 146, 148, 151–152, 157, 160, 170, 178, 187, 191, 201–202, 224–225, 236–237
of production
, 12, 132, 146, 151, 157, 160, 170, 187
Process
of capital reproduction
, 147, 217
of circulation
, 4–6, 23, 110, 158–159, 207
of production
, 23, 158–159, 200–201
Production
, 4–5, 7, 9, 15, 19–22, 25, 32–33, 41, 47, 62, 75–76, 105, 120–122, 146, 148–150, 169, 172, 187, 190, 194, 200–201, 205, 217–220, 223–224, 227, 234
Productivity, marginal
, 98–99
Profit
banking
, 112, 129
commercial
, 5–6, 67, 225, 228
corporate
, 237
fictitious
, 201, 203, 225, 227
industrial
, 6, 14, 54, 66, 74, 97, 110, 112, 119–120, 123–124, 146, 170, 184, 222–224, 237
rate of
, 132, 134–135, 146, 150, 152–153, 158–159, 190–194, 217–218
Property
, 7, 32, 184, 202, 209, 224
Public spending
, 5–6, 10, 49, 68, 226, 238
Rate of surplus value, 146, 150–151, 168, 172–173, 175–176, 178, 193–194
Regionalization, 4, 12–13, 24–25, 31–32, 40–41, 54, 58, 61–62, 66, 68, 76, 79, 96, 99–100, 104, 106–107, 109–110, 112, 119, 155, 176, 178, 220, 226, 238
Monetary
Relation
capitalist, 204–205
of exploitation, 68, 172–173, 203, 218, 220
inter-individual, 134, 157, 217–218
monetary, 40
social, 75, 208, 215, 225
technical, 13, 134, 174–175, 181, 206
Relocation, 106, 218
Reproduction, 6–7, 10, 47, 75, 156, 200, 205, 217
Resource mobilization, 132–135
Sovereignty, 62, 66, 69, 239
Speculation, 9, 11, 105, 203, 211, 235
State, 4, 6, 9, 11–12, 14, 19–20, 24–25, 58, 69, 79, 130, 147, 190–191, 202, 225–227, 232, 238, 242
Substance, 23–24, 201, 205–206, 210
Supply, 6–7, 49, 60, 121, 129, 134–135, 158, 234, 242–243
Surplus value, 11, 13, 19–20, 75, 85–86, 124, 126, 146, 150–151, 155–156, 173, 176, 178, 193–194, 200, 202, 208, 217–218, 236
Theory, 20, 26–27, 32–33, 39–40, 68, 75, 131–132, 135–138, 160, 167, 189–190, 200, 210, 232
Trade war, 31–33, 35, 42
Transformation, 62, 97, 133–134, 147, 155, 169, 189–190, 210
surplus value, 146–147, 155–156
Transnational corporations. See Multinational firms
Trend, 44, 74, 79, 87–88, 108, 124, 172–173, 176, 194, 218
Trust, 132–135
Turnover of capital, 153, 160
Unequal exchange, 33, 36, 38–39, 44, 47
Unit of account, 111–113
Utility, 76, 151, 219–220
Valorization, 9, 22, 74, 79, 86, 100, 104, 139, 153, 240
Value
chains, 49, 122
composition of capital, 49, 97, 121–122, 129
criticism, 19–20, 23, 25
exchange, 39–44
labor, 36–38
use, 5, 118, 120–121, 123, 204, 222, 232
Wage Earner, 110, 206
Wealth, 9, 11, 32–33, 39, 62, 118, 123–124, 128, 131, 190, 200–201, 203, 217, 235–236
World economy, 65, 74, 122, 219–220, 240
Rate of surplus value
, 146, 150–151, 168, 172–173, 175–176, 178, 193–194
Regionalization
, 4, 12–13, 24–25, 31–32, 40–41, 54, 58, 61–62, 66, 68, 76, 79, 96, 99–100, 104, 106–107, 109–110, 112, 119, 155, 176, 178, 220, 226, 238
Monetary
Relation
capitalist
, 204–205
of exploitation
, 68, 172–173, 203, 218, 220
inter-individual
, 134, 157, 217–218
monetary
, 40
social
, 75, 208, 215, 225
technical
, 13, 134, 174–175, 181, 206
Relocation
, 106, 218
Reproduction
, 6–7, 10, 47, 75, 156, 200, 205, 217
Resource mobilization
, 132–135
Sovereignty
, 62, 66, 69, 239
Speculation
, 9, 11, 105, 203, 211, 235
State
, 4, 6, 9, 11–12, 14, 19–20, 24–25, 58, 69, 79, 130, 147, 190–191, 202, 225–227, 232, 238, 242
Substance
, 23–24, 201, 205–206, 210
Supply
, 6–7, 49, 60, 121, 129, 134–135, 158, 234, 242–243
Surplus value
, 11, 13, 19–20, 75, 85–86, 124, 126, 146, 150–151, 155–156, 173, 176, 178, 193–194, 200, 202, 208, 217–218, 236
Theory, 20, 26–27, 32–33, 39–40, 68, 75, 131–132, 135–138, 160, 167, 189–190, 200, 210, 232
Trade war, 31–33, 35, 42
Transformation, 62, 97, 133–134, 147, 155, 169, 189–190, 210
surplus value, 146–147, 155–156
Transnational corporations. See Multinational firms
Trend, 44, 74, 79, 87–88, 108, 124, 172–173, 176, 194, 218
Trust, 132–135
Turnover of capital, 153, 160
Unequal exchange, 33, 36, 38–39, 44, 47
Unit of account, 111–113
Utility, 76, 151, 219–220
Valorization, 9, 22, 74, 79, 86, 100, 104, 139, 153, 240
Value
chains, 49, 122
composition of capital, 49, 97, 121–122, 129
criticism, 19–20, 23, 25
exchange, 39–44
labor, 36–38
use, 5, 118, 120–121, 123, 204, 222, 232
Wage Earner, 110, 206
Wealth, 9, 11, 32–33, 39, 62, 118, 123–124, 128, 131, 190, 200–201, 203, 217, 235–236
World economy, 65, 74, 122, 219–220, 240
Theory
, 20, 26–27, 32–33, 39–40, 68, 75, 131–132, 135–138, 160, 167, 189–190, 200, 210, 232
Trade war
, 31–33, 35, 42
Transformation
, 62, 97, 133–134, 147, 155, 169, 189–190, 210
surplus value
, 146–147, 155–156
Transnational corporations. See Multinational firms
Trend
, 44, 74, 79, 87–88, 108, 124, 172–173, 176, 194, 218
Trust
, 132–135
Turnover of capital
, 153, 160
Unequal exchange
, 33, 36, 38–39, 44, 47
Unit of account
, 111–113
Utility
, 76, 151, 219–220
Valorization, 9, 22, 74, 79, 86, 100, 104, 139, 153, 240
Value
chains, 49, 122
composition of capital, 49, 97, 121–122, 129
criticism, 19–20, 23, 25
exchange, 39–44
labor, 36–38
use, 5, 118, 120–121, 123, 204, 222, 232
Wage Earner, 110, 206
Wealth, 9, 11, 32–33, 39, 62, 118, 123–124, 128, 131, 190, 200–201, 203, 217, 235–236
World economy, 65, 74, 122, 219–220, 240
Valorization
, 9, 22, 74, 79, 86, 100, 104, 139, 153, 240
Value
chains
, 49, 122
composition of capital
, 49, 97, 121–122, 129
criticism
, 19–20, 23, 25
exchange
, 39–44
labor
, 36–38
use
, 5, 118, 120–121, 123, 204, 222, 232
Wage Earner
, 110, 206
Wealth
, 9, 11, 32–33, 39, 62, 118, 123–124, 128, 131, 190, 200–201, 203, 217, 235–236
World economy
, 65, 74, 122, 219–220, 240
- Prelims
- Part I Value Today
- Money, Credit, and Fictitious Capital in Marx's Theory of Value
- Critique of Value Criticism
- Turning One's Loss Into a Win? The US Trade War With China in Perspective
- Part II Money Today
- Colonial Legacy, Monetary Policy, and Resource Mobilization for Development in Africa
- Surplus Production and Unequal Development in Latin America: A Comparative Study With the US From a Political Economy Perspective
- From “Crypto-Alternatives” to a Regional Unit of Account: Monetary Proposals in Latin America for a Greater Shared Autonomy
- Part III Profit Today
- Multinational Firms' Practices: An Attempt at a Marxist Theorization
- Turnover Time and Marx’s Decomposition of Profit Adjustment in the Process of Equalization
- Profit Rates: Their Dispersion and Long-Term Determination
- Elements for a Study of the Profit Rate: France, 1896–2019
- Part IV Capital Today
- Fictitious Capital, Fictitious Profits, and Their Extreme Fetishism
- Crisis and Fictitious Capital
- Money, Fictitious Capital, and Cryptocurrencies: Their Impact on the World Economy
- Index