Effect of active cooling on the formation of IN718 microstructures in directed energy deposition additive manufacturing
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to focus on laser metal powder-directed energy deposition, which is used to repair parts or manufacture high-performance components. Fine and equiaxed microstructures are often targeted because of their homogeneous mechanical properties. However, doing so can only be done by either adjusting process parameters or using external actuators that necessitate additional equipment. This paper presents a method that circumvents these issues by using only the powder spray nozzle and inerting gas when the laser is switched off to actively cool the part without additional equipment.
Design/methodology/approach
Single-bead IN718 thin walls were produced with a unidirectional strategy, taking advantage of the return path to actively cool the part. Six different sets of parameters were chosen to cover the operating range of laser power and machine scanning speed.
Findings
Analysis of the electron back-scatter diffraction maps of the walls highlights the impact of this active cooling strategy on the microstructure. A fine, untextured microstructure was observed, regardless of process parameters, which enables optimization of process parameters to maximize productivity instead of being conditioned by the targeted fine-equiaxed microstructure. The grain size obtained can be further refined by increasing the scanning speed of the actively cooled parts.
Originality/value
An informed choice of off-production nozzle trajectories would enable reaching a fine and untextured microstructure independently of process parameters.
Keywords
Acknowledgements
This work is part of the MIFASOL project and is supported by a grant from the French National Research Agency (ANR-20-CE10-0009).
Declaration of competing interest: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Data availability: The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in the repository “entrepot.recherche.data.gouv.fr” at https://doi.org/10.57745/SSBPDP.
Citation
Bréhier, M., Weisz-Patrault, D. and Tournier, C. (2024), "Effect of active cooling on the formation of IN718 microstructures in directed energy deposition additive manufacturing", Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-04-2024-0184
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
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