Beyond a simple yes or no: using signal detection theory to measure sponsorship identification accuracy

Abstract

Purpose

Sponsorship identification accuracy is typically assessed as the percentage of consumers answering “yes” when asked if a brand is a sponsor (hits). However, this fails to consider misattribution (answering “yes” for a non-sponsor brand; false alarms). Misattribution reflects consumer confusion and dilutes the benefits of an official sponsorship, offers an advantage to a non-sponsoring rival and reduces a brand’s return on sponsorship investment. Informed by signal-detection theory (SDT), we show how hits may be disentangled from false alarms using a measure of sensitivity called d-prime (d’). A related measure of response bias (c) is also discussed.

Design/methodology/approach

In Study 1, we report the results of an experiment. In Study 2, we rely on a field study involving actual sponsors and fans.

Findings

The use of d’ and c is superior to tallying “yes” responses because they account for accurate sponsor attribution and misattribution to non-sponsor competitors.

Originality/value

In the context of sponsorship, we demonstrate how d’ and c can be easily calculated using Excel. Our research also includes an experimental study that establishes the hypothesized effects and then replicate results in a field setting.

Citation

Madrigal, R. and King, J. (2024), "Beyond a simple yes or no: using signal detection theory to measure sponsorship identification accuracy", International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-07-2024-0149