Impact of biogas adoption on household energy use and livelihood improvement in Kenya: an overview on a roadmap toward sustainability

Abstract

Purpose

This study assesses the impact of biogas adoption on household energy use and livelihood improvement. Also, this study aims to clarify the benefits of biogas adoption as a pathway to sustainable household energy.

Design/methodology/approach

The study explored the benefits of adopting biogas uptake. Fourteen sustainability indicators were identified, validated and categorized.

Findings

Adopting biogas technology provides numerous benefits, including better air quality, reduced deforestation and lower greenhouse gas emissions. Households can replace up to 4.5 tons of wood fuel, cutting CO₂ emissions by around 6.75 tons annually. This shift saves approximately US$25 (Ksh.3223) monthly and frees up 45.5 h per week, enabling families to pursue additional income-generating activities. Biogas also produces digestate, a natural fertilizer that improves soil fertility, water retention and reduces erosion while minimizing the need for chemical fertilizers. Integrating biogas in livestock housing reduces odors, pathogens and methane emissions.

Research limitations/implications

The findings demonstrate numerous social, economic and environmental implications of biogas use.

Social implications

Health benefits include lower exposure to smoke and particulate matter, particularly benefiting women and children by reducing respiratory issues, improving lighting and enhancing educational opportunities. Biogas further improves hygiene, promotes cleanliness, strengthens energy security and alleviates energy poverty. In addition, the construction, operation and maintenance of biogas systems create jobs, and the use of digestate enhances agricultural productivity.

Originality/value

This study provides a unique and thorough analysis of the benefits of biogas, offering valuable insights and outlining a sustainable approach.

Citation

Kimutai, S.K., Kimutai, I.K. and Manirambona, E. (2024), "Impact of biogas adoption on household energy use and livelihood improvement in Kenya: an overview on a roadmap toward sustainability", International Journal of Energy Sector Management, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJESM-07-2024-0053