Predicting the effect of bra pad specifications on breast deformation during jumping using a finite element method
International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology
ISSN: 0955-6222
Article publication date: 8 August 2023
Issue publication date: 5 September 2023
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to predict the effect of bra pad specifications on breast deformation during jumping using a finite element (FE) method. Breast deformation is a key concern for women during exercise and can be effectively controlled with sports bras. In most studies, the deformation of breasts when wearing a sports bra is measured using motion capture devices to judge their effectiveness. However, the operation of such devices is highly complex and time-consuming. Computer-aided technology is an efficient way to simulate these experiments.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the breast model was obtained using three-dimensional (3D) scanning. Assembling models were obtained for FE analysis using reverse engineering and computer-aided design (CAD) software. The breast deformation results were obtained by completing pre-processing, solving and post-processing in the FE simulation software. To extend the application of these models, pads of different sizes and thicknesses within the bra were constructed to simulate the effect of pads on breast deformation.
Findings
The calculated root mean square errors were <1%, which indicated good agreement between the FE and experimental data in all the models. Nipple deformation was always the largest in most models. The smallest deformation occurred at the superior position of breasts in all models. In addition, larger pads were not effective in reducing breast deformation; however, thicker pads were.
Originality/value
The method developed in this study provides an effective way to predict breast deformation in multiple positions and is convenient for designing compression bras.
Keywords
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank all the participants. This study was financed by the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 223MS054).
Citation
Liu, S., Sun, G., Zuo, H., Chen, X., Shang, S. and Hu, H. (2023), "Predicting the effect of bra pad specifications on breast deformation during jumping using a finite element method", International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, Vol. 35 No. 5, pp. 779-798. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCST-02-2023-0009
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
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