RETRACTED: Numerical investigation on turbulent convective heat transfer of nanofluid flow in a square cross-sectioned duct
International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow
ISSN: 0961-5539
Article publication date: 4 January 2019
Issue publication date: 6 June 2019
Retraction statement
The publishers of International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow wish to retract the article Şenay, G., Kaya, M., Gedik, E. and Kayfeci, M. (2019), “Numerical investigation on turbulent convective heat transfer of nanofluid flow in a square cross-sectioned duct”, International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, Vol. 29 No. 4, pp. 1432-1447. https://doi.org/10.1108/HFF-06-2018-0260
An internal investigation into a series of submissions has uncovered evidence that the peer review process was compromised. As a result of these concerns, the findings of the article cannot be relied upon. This decision has been taken in accordance with Emerald’s publishing ethics and the COPE guidelines on retractions.
The authors of this paper would like to note that they do not agree with the content of this notice.
The publishers of the journal sincerely apologize to the readers.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to numerically investigate the heat transfer enhancement by using two different nanofluids flow throughout the square duct under a constant heat flux (500 × 103 W/m2).
Design/methodology/approach
In numerical computations, ANSYS Fluent code based on the finite volume method was used to solve governing equations by iteratively. Water, Al2O3-water and TiO2-water nanofluids were used for different flow velocities changing 1 m/s to 8 m/s (i.e. Reynolds number varying from 3,000 to 100,000).
Findings
The results were compared with results published previously in the literature and close agreement was observed especially considering Dittus and Boelter correlation for water. It was found that from the obtained results, increasing flow velocity and volume fractions of nanoparticles has caused to increase Nu number for all cases. Besides, variations of pressure drop, Darcy friction factor are presented graphically and discussed in detail. The results are consistent with a deviation of 1.3 to 15 per cent with the results of other researchers.
Originality/value
The effects of the Re numbers and volume fractions of nanoparticles (0.01 ≤ Φ ≤ 0.04) on the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics such as average Nu number, pressure drop (ΔP) and Darcy friction factor (f) were investigated.
Keywords
Citation
Şenay, G., Kaya, M., Gedik, E. and Kayfeci, M. (2019), "RETRACTED: Numerical investigation on turbulent convective heat transfer of nanofluid flow in a square cross-sectioned duct", International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, Vol. 29 No. 4, pp. 1432-1447. https://doi.org/10.1108/HFF-06-2018-0260
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2019, Emerald Publishing Limited