Investigation into electrochemical machining of aviation grade inconel 625 super alloy: an experimental study with advanced optimization and microstructural analysis

Abstract

Purpose

This article targeted to experimentally examine the impact of several considered process parameters namely, applied voltage (AV), tool feed rate, electrolyte concentration and pulse frequency (PF), on the material removal rate (MRR) and radial overcut (ROC) while performing shaped tube drilling of aviation grade Inconel 625 super alloy through electrochemical machining principle. Further, an attempt has also been made to develop mathematical models for the process responses along with advanced optimization with evolutionary methods.

Design/methodology/approach

The central composite rotatable design matrix was used to scheme out the experiments in the present study. The consistency and accuracy of the developed mathematical models were confirmed through statistical results. Additionally, a field emission scanning electron microscope analysis was conducted to assess and analyze the microstructure of the machined work samples. The study also seeks to optimize the selected process inputs for MRR and ROC through the implementation of the desirability method, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Teaching Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO).

Findings

The ROC is significantly influenced by the input parameters, specifically the PF and AV. Less ROC values were observed when the high PF with moderate AV. The minimum and maximum values of ROC and MRR were obtained as; 135.128 µm and 380.720 µm; 1.37 mg/min and 2.3707 mg/min, correspondingly. The best optimized confirmatory results were obtained through the TLBO approach, with an MRR value of 3.1587 mg/min and a ROC of 71.9629 µm, in comparison to the PSO and desirability approaches.

Originality/value

The various challenges associated with the productive machining of aviation grade Inconel 625 superalloy have been explored experimentally. The conducted experimentation has been performed on the in-house fabricated micro-electrochemical setup capable of performing a variety of advanced machining operations at the miniaturized level. Further, the application of shaped tube drilling while processing aviation grade Inconel 625 superalloy has been explored with the developed micro-ECM set-up. Moreover, the performed microstructure analysis of the machined work samples has elaborated and explored the various associated surface integrity aspects which are quite crucial when it comes to real-life aerospace-related applications. The utility of designed experiments has further made the attempted experimental analysis more fruitful and qualitative too.

Citation

Painuly, M., Singh, R.P. and Trehan, R. (2025), "Investigation into electrochemical machining of aviation grade inconel 625 super alloy: an experimental study with advanced optimization and microstructural analysis", Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, Vol. 97 No. 2, pp. 137-148. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEAT-08-2023-0211