The requirements for automation systems based on Boeing 737 MAX crashes
Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology
ISSN: 0002-2667
Article publication date: 27 August 2021
Issue publication date: 7 January 2022
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to show the current situation and additional requirements for the aircraft automation systems based on the lessons learned from the two 737 MAX crashes.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the Swiss cheese model was used to find the real root causes of the 737 MAX accidents. Then, the results have been compared with the actions taken by the manufacturers and authorities. Based on the comparison, the necessary improvements to prevent such accidents are defined. Regarding the faulty sensor that forms the accidents, a synthetic sensor was developed using an aerodynamic model.
Findings
It has been proven that the safety-critical automation systems should not be designed by relying on a single set of sensor data. Automation levels should be defined in a standard way. Depending on the defined automation level, the system must be designed as either fail-safe or fail-operational system. When designing backup systems, it should be decided by looking at not only whether it has power but also the accuracy of the incoming signals.
Practical implications
Aviation certification requirements related to automation systems need to be revised and improved. With this context, it was revealed that the certification processes for automation systems should be re-evaluated and updated by aviation authorities, especially Federal Aviation Administration and European Union Aviation Safety Agency.
Originality/value
Task sharing between automation system and pilot based on the classification of automation levels and determining certification requirements accordingly has been brought to the agenda. A synthetic Angle of Attack sensor was developed by using an aerodynamic model for fault detection and diagnosis.
Keywords
Acknowledgements
The author would like to thank Ahmet Burak Oktay, Ali Emre Usta, Rıza Öner, Hamdi Fidan, Halil Atakan Sahin, Kamil Orhan Ozer and Olcay Baksi for the contribution to the finding of the root causes of Lion Air 737 MAX accident. He also wishes to express his gratitude to the cited researchers who helped this work possible with their studies. Last but not least, he would like extend thanks to former Director General of Turkish Civil Aviation, Bahri Kesici, who came up with the idea to write an article in this context during the evaluation of 737 MAX crashes.
Citation
Demirci, S. (2022), "The requirements for automation systems based on Boeing 737 MAX crashes", Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, Vol. 94 No. 2, pp. 140-153. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEAT-03-2021-0069
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
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