Prelims
ISBN: 978-0-08-043071-3, eISBN: 978-0-58-547400-7
Publication date: 8 January 2016
Citation
Nakagawa, D. and Matsunaka, R. (2016), "Prelims", Funding Transport Systems, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, p. i. https://doi.org/10.1108/9780585474007-009
Publisher
:Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Copyright © 1998 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Prelims
Half Title Page
Funding Transport Systems
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Title Page
Funding Transport Systems
A Comparison Among Developed Countries
By
D. NAKAGAWA and R. MATSUNAKA
Department of Civil Engineering Systems
Faculty of Engineering
Kyoto University
United Kingdom – North America – Japan
India – Malaysia – China
Copyright Page
Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK
Copyright © 1998 Emerald Group Publishing Limited
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the text, illustrations or advertisements. The opinions expressed in these chapters are not necessarily those of the Editor or the publisher.
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ISBN: 978-0-58-547400-7
Illustrations and Tables
| Illustrations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Chapter 2 Fig. 2.1. |
Requirements for funding systems | 4 |
| Fig. 2.2. | Externalities | 6 |
| Fig. 2.3. | The points forming the basic concept | 11 |
| Fig. 2.4. | Important systems | 14 |
| Chapter 4 Fig. 4.1. |
Classification of financial resources | 69 |
| Chapter 7 Fig. 7.1 (1). |
Road investments (GDP ratio) | 123 |
| Fig. 7.1(2). | Railway investments (GDP ratio) | 124 |
| Fig. 7.1(3). | Airport investments (GDP ratio) | 124 |
| Fig. 7.2(1). | Trends of road investments (GDP ratio) | 125 |
| Fig. 7.2(2). | Trends of railway investments (GDP ratio) | 126 |
| Fig. 7.2(3). | Trends of airport investments (GDP ratio) | 126 |
| Fig. 7.3(1). | Financial resource composition for road improvements (GDP ratio) | 127 |
| Fig. 7.3(2). | Financial resource composition for railway improvements (GDP ratio) | 128 |
| Fig. 7.3(3). | Financial resource composition for airport improvements (GDP ratio) | 128 |
| Fig. 7.4(1). | Financial resource composition of national railways (GDP ratio) | 129 |
| Fig. 7.4(2). | Financial resource composition of main airports (GDP ratio) | 129 |
| Fig. 7.5(1). | Financial resource composition for road improvements | 130 |
| Fig. 7.5(2). | Financial resource composition for railway improvements | 131 |
| Fig. 7.5(3). | Financial resource composition for airport improvements | 131 |
| Fig. 7.6(1). | Shares of contributors for road improvements (GDP ratio) | 132 |
| Fig. 7.6(2). | Shares of contributors for railways improvements (GDP ratio) | 133 |
| Fig. 7.6(3). | Shares of contributors for airport improvements (GDP ratio) | 133 |
| Fig. 7.7(1). | Shares of contributors for national railways (GDP ratio) | 134 |
| Fig. 7.7(2). | Shares of contributors for main airports (GDP ratio) | 134 |
| Fig. 7.8(1). | Shares of contributors for road improvements | 135 |
| Fig. 7.8(2). | Shares of contributors for railway improvements | 136 |
| Fig. 7.8(3). | Shares of contributors for airport improvements | 136 |
| Fig. 7.9. | Burden by general funds and users | 138 |
| Fig. 7.10. | Burden ratio of public funds (payers of national taxes and payers of local taxes) | 139 |
| Fig. 7.11. | Comparison of burden by public funds (ratio): roadways and railways | 140 |
| Fig. 7.12. | Comparison of burden by public funds (GDP ratio): roadways and railways | 141 |
| Fig. 7.13. | Comparison of burden by debt (ratio): roadways and railways | 142 |
| Fig. 7.14. | Comparison of burden by debt (ratio): railways and airports | 143 |
| Fig. 7.15(1). | Trends of burden by public funds (GDP ratio)—roadways | 144 |
| Fig. 7.15(2). | Trends of burden by users (GDP ratio)—roadways | 144 |
| Fig. 7.16(1). | Trends of burden by public funds (GDP ratio)—railways | 145 |
| Fig. 7.16(2). | Trends of burden by users (GDP ratio)—railways | 145 |
| Fig. 7.17(1). | Trends of burden by public funds (GDP ratio)—airports | 146 |
| Fig. 7.17(2). | Trends of burden by users (GDP ratio)—airports | 146 |
| Fig. 7.18(1). | Trends of burden by debt (GDP ratio)—roadways | 147 |
| Fig. 7.18(2). | Trends of burden by debt (GDP ratio)—railways | 147 |
| Fig. 7.19(1). | Trends of burden by public funds (ratio)—roadways | 148 |
| Fig. 7.19(2). | Trends of burden by users (ratio)—roadways | 148 |
| Fig. 7.20(1). | Trends of burden by public funds (ratio)—railways | 149 |
| Fig. 7.20(2). | Trends of burden by users (ratio)—railways | 149 |
| Fig. 7.21 (1). | Trends of burden by public funds (ratio)—airports | 150 |
| Fig. 7.21 (2). | Trends of burden by users (ratio)—airports | 150 |
| Fig. 7.22(1). | Shares of contributors for road improvements (burden ratio) | 151 |
| Fig. 7.22(2). | Shares of contributors for railway improvements (burden ratio) | 151 |
| Fig. 7.22(3). | Shares of contributors for airport improvement (burden ratio) | 152 |
| Tables | ||
|---|---|---|
| Chapter 2 Table 2.1. |
Specific fund for road improvement | 15 |
| Table 2.2. | Toll road systems on expressway | 16 |
| Table 2.3. | Airport improvement systems | 19 |
| Table 2.4. | Contributors for financial resources | 21 |
| Chapter 3 Table 3.1. |
Financial resources for transportation improvements in Germany | 26 |
| Table 3.2. | Financial resources for transportation improvements in France | 33 |
| Table 3.3. | Financial resources for transportation improvements in the United Kingdom | 41 |
| Table 3.4. | Financial resources for transportation improvements in the United States | 48 |
| Table 3.5. | Financial resources for transportation improvements in Japan | 56 |
| Chapter 4 Table 4.1. |
Classification of financial resources | 68 |
| Table 4.2. | Contributors | 70 |
| Table 4.3. | Authorities for improvements of transportation systems | 72 |
| Table 4.4. | Contributors (Germany) | 73 |
| Table 4.5. | Contributors (France) | 74 |
| Table 4.6. | Contributors (United Kingdom) | 75 |
| Table 4.7. | Contributors (United States) | 76 |
| Table 4.8. | Contributors (Japan) | 78 |
| Chapter 5 Table 5.1(1). |
Investment amounts for road improvements and financial resource composition | 82 |
| Table 5.1(2). | Investment amounts for road improvements and financial resource composition (GDP ratio) | 83 |
| Table 5.2(1). | Investment amounts for railway improvements and financial resource composition | 89 |
| Table 5.2(2). | Investment amounts for railway improvements and financial resource composition (GDP ratio) | 90 |
| Table 5.3(1). | Investment amounts for airport improvements and financial resource composition | 102 |
| Table 5.3(2). | Investment amounts for airport improvements and financial resource composition (GDP ratio) | 103 |
| Chapter 6 Table 6.1(1). |
Refigured amounts of national expenditures for roadways | 107 |
| Table 6.1(2). | Refigured amounts of local expenditures for roadways | 108 |
| Table 6.2(1). | Refigured amounts of national expenditures for railways | 113 |
| Table 6.2(2). | Refigured amounts of local expenditures for railways | 113 |
| Table 6.3(1). | Refigured amounts of national expenditures for airports | 117 |
| Table 6.3(2). | Refigured amounts of local expenditures for airports | 117 |
| Table 6.4(1). | Shares of contributors for road improvements | 119 |
| Table 6.4(2). | Shares of contributors for road improvements (GDP ratio) | 119 |
| Table 6.5(1). | Shares of contributors for railway improvements | 120 |
| Table 6.5(2). | Shares of contributors for railway improvements (GDP ratio) | 120 |
| Table 6.6(1) | Shares of contributors for airport improvements | 121 |
| Table 6.6(2). | Shares of contributors for airport improvements (GDP ratio) | 121 |
- Prelims
- Chapter 1 Introduction
- Chapter 2 Basic Theory and Policies
- Chapter 3 Transportation Policies and Financial Systems
- Chapter 4 A Methodology for Comparing Financial Resources
- Chapter 5 The Calculation of Investment Amount
- Chapter 6 The Calculation of Contributors' Shares
- Chapter 7 Comparative Considerations
- Chapter 8 Prospects
- Summary of Investment Amounts and Compositions Calculated in Chapter 5
- Summary of Contributors' Shares for Investment Amounts and Compositions Calculated in Chapter 6
- Appendix
- Bibliography