Academic staff and student involvement in IC formation

, 70–75

indicators of efficiency of involvement in IC formation

, 70–73

ratings regarding efficiency of IC formation

, 73–75

scientific publication as measuring unit of IC

, 70

Action learning

, 94

Adult education

, 86–87

pedagogy

, 96

social purpose tradition

, 96

Agent-based simulation modelling

, 143–144

Alternative order transaction venues

, 202

Alternative trading systems (ΑΤSs)

, 202

Alternative transaction execution venues

, 204–205

Approved reporting mechanisms (ARMs)

, 200

Artificial Intelligence

, 178

Attitudinal insights

, 182–186

Audit and review

, 110–111

Babes-Bolyai University

, 46

Behavioural insights

, 182–183, 186

Best execution of order

, 202

Black economy

, 166, 169

Blended-Learning International Entrepreneurship Skills project (BLUES project)

, 4, 29

experience

, 30

methodology

, 31–32

MOOCs

, 30–31

BLUES European Entrepreneurship Experience

, 29

Bottom-up decision-making system

, 2–3

Business

ecosystems

, 14

environment

, 14–16

opportunity

, 117

succession

, 43

Business Engineering and Management

, 42, 59

Capital Markets Commissions

, 197

Capitalism

, 10

Carbon emissions in Zhejiang Province

, 136–137

Cellular innovation

, 14, 17, 19

Center for Alternative and Autonomous Production (CAAP)

, 30

Central counterparties (CCPs)

, 200, 206

Centro International Santander Emprendimiento (CISE)

, 30

Chile’s National Public Investment System (SNI)

, 137–138

Circular economy

, 87, 179

Climate Action Network Europe (CAN)

, 180–181

Climate change, European policy on

, 179–182

Cloud computing

, 40

Cloud-based technologies

, 40

College des Ingenieurs (CDI)

, 30

Commodity derivatives

, 200

Communication

, 109

Competences (C)

, 87–88

Competitiveness

, 1–2, 68, 115

Competitiveness of Enterprises and Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (COSME)

, 123

Competitiveness web approach

, 4, 13–14

Conduct of business rules

, 200

Constructivist theory

, 29–30, 33–34

Consumer credit

, 205–206

Content innovations

, 76

Continual improvement

, 105

Coronavirus

, 35–36

Corporate taxation

, 169

Corruption

, 168, 172

Cost–benefit analysis

, 134–136, 138, 143–144

calculating NPV of projects

, 142

feasibility studies and

, 138–139

COVID-19

crisis

, 2

pandemic

, 187

parallels between responses to global climate change and

, 188

Creativity

, 21, 116, 155

Credit default swap (CDS)

, 197

Credit event

, 197–198

Credit Rating Agency (CRA)

, 197–198

Cross-country comparisons of SSE

, 87–95

SSE trainers’ required background

, 94–95

SSE training methods

, 94

SSE training programmes

, 88–94

Customer(s)

, 110

experience map

, 35

satisfaction

, 103–105

Cypriot economy

, 118

Data-focused work

, 107

Deadlines

, 182–184

Decision-making

, 184

Declining discount rate (DDR)

, 140

Deming, PDCA cycle of

, 107

Design thinking

, 35

Dianeosis

, 169

Digital Innovation hub

, 50

Digital technologies

, 177–178

Digitalization

, 3–4

Diplomacy

, 150

Direct taxation

, 169

Directorates General (DGs)

, 151

Disaster entrepreneurship

, 158

‘Doing Business’ report

, 16–17, 21

e-learning

, 40, 94

E-WORLD project

, 41

Earnings Index

, 173

Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)

, 11

Economic development

, 40

Economic innovations

, 76

Economic models

, 86, 143–144

Economic policies

, 10

Economic Policy Essays

, 118

Education

, 28, 86–87

Education intervention levels for entrepreneurial activity development

, 51–55

categories with specific needs for entrepreneurial education

, 54–55

improving entrepreneurial education

, 53–55

national level

, 51–52

primary school cycle

, 53–54

reform of education system

, 52–53

Education system

efforts in developing entrepreneurial skills of young people

, 48–51

reform

, 52–53

Effective entrepreneurship education

academic staff and students involvement in IC formation

, 70–75

factors of TBE influencing educational innovation

, 75–76

innovative methodologies for increasing IC

, 76–82

literature review, research framework and methodology

, 68–70

Efficiency-driven economy

, 45, 49

Electronic communication networks (ECNs)

, 202

Eligible counterparties

, 201

Emissions trading system (ETS)

, 179–180

Empathy

, 178

Employees

, 110–111

empowerment and involvement

, 105

Energy efficiency

, 179

Enterprise, current state of

, 109

EntreComp

competencies development

, 32

framework

, 33

Entrepreneurial activity

, 1–2

education intervention levels for entrepreneurial activity development

, 51–55

entrepreneurship and

, 1–2

Entrepreneurial education

, 40–41

education intervention levels for entrepreneurial activity development

, 51–55

education system efforts in developing entrepreneurial skills

, 48–51

factors influencing entrepreneurial behaviour

, 47–48

general view on entrepreneurship in Romania

, 45–47

trends in European entrepreneurship

, 42–45

Entrepreneurial framework conditions

, 17, 46

Entrepreneurial innovation

, 10

Entrepreneurial phenomenon

, 42–43, 45, 47

Entrepreneurial resilience

, 150–151

EU’s approach to resilience meets

, 154–155

Entrepreneurial skills of young people

, 48–51

Entrepreneurial spirit

, 41, 134–135

Entrepreneurial University model

, 40, 44–45

Entrepreneurs

, 140–141, 143–144, 157

Entrepreneurship

, 1–2, 10, 28, 33, 115–116, 150, 158

course

, 30

disaster

, 158

in EU

, 2

EU institutional framework and support mechanisms matter to

, 2–4

and innovation

, 117

innovation in entrepreneurship teaching

, 30–36

opportunity costs of

, 117

pedagogy

, 29–30

policy

, 11–16

promotion to foster resilience

, 155, 159–160

response

, 204

strengthening policies

, 10

support mechanisms

, 10

systematic and polythematic promotion of

, 150–151

Entrepreneurship 2020 Action Plan

, 41, 44–45

Entrepreneurship education (E-ed). See also Adult education; Higher education

, 28–29

entrepreneurship pedagogy

, 29–30

innovation in entrepreneurship teaching

, 30–36

recommendations and further improvements

, 36–37

and training

, 28

Entrepreneurship enhancement policies

entrepreneurship policy and integrated micro-meso-macro analytical counterproposal

, 11–16

policy practices to support entrepreneurship in European South

, 16–21

Environmental sustainability

, 177–178

Equity Facility for Growth (EFG)

, 123

EU’s Neighbourhood Policy (ENP)

, 152

European Capital Markets

, 196–197, 200, 203

analysis of current developments and effects on

, 200–205

European Commission

, 199

European Consensus on Development

, 152

European Directive MiFID

, 5

European entrepreneurship, trends in

, 42–45

European External Action Service (EEAS)

, 5, 150

European financial markets

, 196, 203, 205

European Higher Education

, 29

European Innovation Council (EIC)

, 123

European Integration

, 203–205

analysis of current developments and effects on

, 200–205

European Investment Bank (EIB)

, 123

European Market Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR)

, 206

European Passport

, 196

European policy

on climate change

, 179–182

implications for

, 186–187

European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA)

, 198, 206

European Security Committee (ESC)

, 198

European Skills Agenda

, 3–4

European South

, 11

entrepreneurship in European South through recent studies

, 20

policy practices to support entrepreneurship in

, 16–21

recent reforms to improve the business environment in countries of

, 18–19

European Stock Exchanges

, 196, 204

European Union (EU)

, 1–2, 11, 28, 179–180, 196

approach to resilience meets entrepreneurial resilience

, 154–155

entrepreneurship in

, 2

higher education institutions

, 41

humanitarian and development policies

, 150

institutional framework and support mechanisms matter to entrepreneurship

, 2–4

Recovery Fund

, 3–4

resilience in EU’s discourse and action

, 151–154

Small Business Act

, 2–3

European Union Global Strategy (EUGS)

, 150

European Union policies

, 119–125

Face-to-face (F2F)

, 31–32

modules

, 31

training

, 31–32

Family business

, 42, 125–126

Family-owned technology-based businesses

, 4

Feasibility study methods

, 5

literature review

, 136–138

for sustainability entrepreneurs

, 138–145

Feedback

, 30, 32

Financial goods transaction

, 203–204

Financial instruments

, 123

Financial Services Action Plan (FSAP)

, 196

Financing

instruments

, 120

procedure

, 123

Fiscal policy

, 169

Fluid economy

, 118

fMRI scans

, 184

Focus group discussions (FGDs)

, 158

Fourth industrial revolution

, 10

Fragmented entrepreneurship

, 2–3

French School of Regulation

, 10

Gamification

, 32

Gender Equality

, 134–135

General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs

, 119

General Commercial Registry (GEMI)

, 173

General Confederation of Workers (GSEE)

, 88

Generation Y

, 29–30

Generation Z

, 28

Generic quality management model for SMEs

, 107–111

Global Competitiveness Report

, 173

Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI)

, 159–160

Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM)

, 17, 46

Globalization

, 10, 40, 116–117

Governments

, 139

Greek entrepreneurship

, 172

Greek tax system

, 166

conceptual identification of tax system

, 167–168

pathogens of tax system

, 168–173

ranking of Greece in international field

, 173–174

reforms of tax system

, 168

Green Deal and Recovery Fund

, 2

Green economy

, 187

Green jobs

, 179

skills development for

, 179–180

Green skills

, 178

gap

, 5

Green technologies

, 87

Gross domestic product (GDP)

, 48–49

Harmonization process

, 196

High-frequency trading (HFT)

, 200, 208

Higher education. See also Entrepreneurship education (E-ed)

, 40, 79–80

concentration

, 52–53

level

, 55

teaching sustainability in

, 184

Higher education establishments (HEEs)

, 68–70

Ill-structured problems

, 33

Implicit entrepreneurial theories of students

, 31–32

Income Tax Code

, 168

Income-generating activities (IGAs)

, 158

Incremental innovation

, 116

Independent Authority for Public Revenue (IAPR)

, 168

Indirect taxation

, 169

Information and communication technology (ICT)

, 42

Information society

, 40

Information technology (IT)

, 40, 199

Ingenius hub

, 50

Innovation

, 40, 115, 117

analysis

, 125–128

conceptual background

, 115–118

in entrepreneurship teaching

, 30–36

European Union policies

, 119–125

implementation

, 128

institutional framework

, 121–122

methodology

, 76, 82, 125

tools and mechanisms

, 122–125

tree

, 80

Innovation Lab

, 51

Innovation project (IP)

, 4, 80–81

Institute of Local Development and Innovation (ILDI)

, 15

Institutional dimension of innovation

, 117

Institutional environment

, 10

Institutional framework

, 2, 117–118, 121–122

entrepreneurship and enhancement of

, 2

EU

, 2–4

Instructor

, 29–30

Integrated micro-meso-macro analytical counterproposal

, 11–16

Intellectual capital (IC)

, 4, 40, 68–69

academic staff and students involvement in formation

, 70–75

indicators of efficiency of involvement in IC formation

, 70–73

innovative methodologies for increasing IC at entrepreneurial universities

, 76–82

ratings regarding efficiency of IC formation

, 73–75

scientific publication as measuring unit of IC

, 70

Internal rate of return (IRR)

, 138–139

International Labour Organization (ILO)

, 177–179

Internet

, 28

Investment firms (IFs)

, 196, 199, 202–203

Investment Services Companies (ISCs)

, 196

Investment Services Directive (ISD)

, 196

Investor issues

, 201

Key informant interviews (KIIs)

, 158

Knowledge economy

, 40

Lamfalussy process

, 198, 204

Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT)

, 30

Latvia

academic staff and students involvement in IC formation in

, 70–75

factors of TBE influencing educational innovation in

, 75–76

Latvijas Avīze newspaper

, 69–70

Leadership

, 116

commitment

, 107

management commitment and

, 104

Learning

, 29–30, 33–34

environment

, 30

experiences provider

, 35

Legal innovations

, 76

Leitmotif

, 151

‘Life Below Water’

, 134–135

‘Life on Land’

, 134–135

Lifelong Learning Centres (LLCs)

, 88

Loan Guarantee Facility (LGF)

, 123

Long-life learning (LLL)

, 40

Macro level analyses

, 177–178

Macro-economic reforms

, 17

Macro-social

factors

, 21

policies

, 14–16

reforms

, 17

Maintenance functions

, 79

Management

, 116

commitment and leadership

, 104

innovations

, 76

succession

, 42

Market abuse

, 204–205

Market Abuse Directive (MAD)

, 196

Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID)

, 196–197

analysis of current developments and effects

, 200–205

literature review

, 197–198

methodology of research

, 199–200

MiFID II

, 200, 205

research results, suggestions and discussions

, 205–207

Markets in Financial Instruments Directive Regulation (MiFIR)

, 205

Massive open online courses (MOOCs)

, 30–31

Meso-environment

, 12

Methodological innovations

, 76

Micro-meso-macro theoretical evaluation

, 16–21

Middle East and North Africa (MENA)

, 153

Minds hub

, 50

Ministry of Culture

, 14–16

Ministry of Education

, 14–16

Ministry of Energy

, 14–16

Ministry of Finance

, 14–16

Monetary Union

, 11

Mortgages

, 205–206

Multi-speed Europe

, 11

Multi-stage process

, 116

Multilateral trading facilities (MTFs)

, 196–197, 208

and market regulation issues

, 201–202

Municipal institutions

, 139

Naming

, 181–182

Nation-centred socioeconomic systems

, 10

Neo-Marxist perspective

, 20–21

Net present values (NPVs)

, 134, 138–139

Non-discriminatory access regime

, 200

Non-formal education

, 55

Non-innovative SMEs

, 128

Non-regulated markets

, 196–197

Open innovation

, 116–117

Opportunity costs of entrepreneurship

, 117

Ordinary innovation

, 116

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

, 1–2

Organizational innovations

, 76

Organizational requirements

, 200

Over-the-counter (OTC)

, 196–197

Ownership succession

, 42

Paradigm shift in education

, 40

Pathogens of tax system

, 168–173

PEPITE programme of student entrepreneurs

, 88

Plan, do, check, act (PDCA)

, 107

Policy practices to support entrepreneurship in European South

, 16–21

Polythematic promotion of entrepreneurship

, 150–151

Post COVID-19 period

, 3–4

Post-industrial society

, 40

Post-trade transparency issue

, 202

Pre-trade transparency issue

, 202

Primary school cycle

, 53–54

Private entrepreneurial ventures

, 139

Professional investors

, 201

Professor

of entrepreneurship

, 28

role

, 29–30

Profitability

, 138–139

Public diplomacy tool

, 150

Public institutions

, 86–87

Public organizations

, 86–87

Quality management systems (QMSs)

, 102

Ratings regarding efficiency of IC formation

, 73–75

Real-time decision making

, 184

Reformative measures

, 111

Reforms of tax system

, 168

Regulated markets

, 196–197

Renewable energy

, 179

Resilience

, 3–4, 150, 159–160

through entrepreneurship

, 159–160

EU’s approach to resilience meets entrepreneurial resilience

, 154–155

in EU’s discourse and action

, 151–154

making case for entrepreneurship promotion to foster resilience

, 155–159

resilient households

, 159

Reskilling Revolution

, 178

Resources

, 32

Respondents

, 184

Restructuring of globalization

, 10

Retail

financial services

, 205–206

investors

, 201

Romania

, 41

general view on entrepreneurship in

, 45–47

Romanian educational system

, 52

Romanian entrepreneurial prototype

, 41

Romania Start-ups

, 51

Santander International Entrepreneurship Centre (CISE)

, 30–31

Scientific publication as measuring unit of IC

, 70

Sensitivity analysis

, 143

Shaming

, 181–182

Single financial market

, 205–206

Skills development for green jobs

, 179

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)

, 1–2, 16, 42, 102, 109–110, 116

act

, 111

audit and review

, 110–111

check

, 110–111

communication

, 109

current state of enterprise

, 109

designing TQM implementation

, 109

do

, 109–110

generic quality management model for

, 107–111

improvement projects

, 109–110

innovation in SMEs in Cyprus

, 118

leadership commitment

, 107

management of improvement teams

, 110

non-innovative

, 128

plan

, 107–109

reformative measures

, 111

steering committee for total quality management

, 108

team improvement

, 110

team spirit establishment

, 109

training of improvement team members

, 110

training of steering committee members

, 109

Small business community

, 28

Smart Pedestrian Network (SPN)

, 141

Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE)

, 4–5, 86

field in Europe

, 95

trainers’ required background

, 94–95

training programmes

, 88, 94

vocational education for

, 96

Social economy

, 86

Social enterprises

, 86

Social entrepreneurs

, 157–158

Social entrepreneurship

, 88

Social innovation

, 28, 76

Social prosperity

, 40

Social-economic development

, 40

Societal resilience

, 150

Socioeconomic development

, 10

Socioeconomic prosperity

, 1–2

Socioeconomic systems

, 10

Soft skills (SS)

, 87–88

Staff

satisfaction

, 103

trainings

, 35

Statistical process control (SPC)

, 107

Steering committee

for TQM

, 108

training of steering committee members

, 109

Stock Exchanges

, 196–197

Student-centred learning environments

, 30

Subjects

, 184

Supervisory Trading Control Systems (STCS)

, 197

Support entrepreneurship, policy practices to

, 16–21

Support mechanisms

, 86–87

matter to entrepreneurship

, 2–4

Survey on the Access to Finance of Enterprises (SAFE)

, 123

Sustainability

, 3–4

attitudinal and behavioural insights

, 182–183, 186

background

, 179

European policy on climate change

, 179–182

implications for European policy

, 186–187

parallels between responses to global climate change and COVID-19 Pandemic

, 188

problems in becoming carbon neutral and proposed behavioural solutions

, 189

scenarios used in Global Futures Project

, 191

sustainability-related entrepreneurial ventures

, 134

sustainability-related ventures

, 140

Sustainability entrepreneurs

, 134–135, 141

feasibility study framework for

, 138, 144–145

Sustainable Cities and Communities

, 134–135

Sustainable development (SD)

, 28, 182

Sustainable entrepreneurship

, 28

Sustainable mobility

, 139

Sustainable-related ventures

, 134–135

System dynamics methodology

, 143–144

Systematic Internalisers

, 201–202, 208

Systematic promotion of entrepreneurship

, 150–151

Task functions

, 79

Tax

administration

, 171–172

conceptual identification of

, 167–168

evasion

, 169

excessive tax evasion

, 173

high bureaucracy for tax compliance

, 173

pathogens of

, 168–173

payers

, 171–172

policy

, 166

reforms

, 168

system

, 165–166

Taxation system

, 5, 171–172

Teachers

, 32

Team-oriented problem-solving (TOPS)

, 107

Team(s)

, 35

improvement

, 110

management of

, 110

spirit establishment

, 109

Teamwork

, 106

Technological business environment (TBE)

, 4, 68

factors of TBE influencing educational innovation in Latvia

, 75–76

Technological developments

, 116–117

Technological innovation

, 115

Technology innovations

, 76

Technopreneurship

, 55

Technowledge

, 55

Technowledgepreneurship

, 55

Time management

, 33

Total Quality Management (TQM)

, 5, 102–103, 107

continual improvement

, 105

customer satisfaction

, 104–105

data-focused work

, 107

employee empowerment and involvement

, 105

management commitment and leadership

, 104

principles

, 104–107

proposed generic quality management model for SMEs

, 107–111

teamwork

, 106

training

, 106

Trade concentration rule

, 202

Trade reporting

, 200

Trading concentration rule

, 201–202

Traditional cost–benefit analysis

, 144–145

Traditional entrepreneurs

, 178

Traditional feasibility study methods

, 134

Training

, 106

SSE training methods

, 94

Transparency

, 200

Tunisian Confederation of Industry, Trade and Handicrafts (UTICA)

, 157

UN Behavioural Initiative (UNBI)

, 182

United Nations (UN)

, 28, 134–135

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

, 40–41

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs)

, 28, 119, 134–135, 178

Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV)

, 30

Universities

, 28

University ‘Politehnica’ of Bucharest (UPB)

, 42

Doctoral School of Entrepreneurship

, 42

University NOVA Lisbon (UNL)

, 30

University of Ljubljana (UL)

, 30

University of Perugia (UNIPG)

, 30

UPBizzs Entrepreneurship Center

, 50–51

Urban development research

, 141

Urban planning

, 137

Utility functions and system dynamics

, 143–144

Value Added Tax rate

, 169

Vocational education and training programmes (VET programmes). See also Entrepreneurship education (E-ed)

, 4–5, 86

cross-country comparisons

, 87, 89, 93, 95

SSE field in Europe

, 95

VET-oriented European Entrepreneurship Competence Framework

, 95

vocational education for SSE

, 96

Women empowerment

, 134–135

World Café

, 94

World Economic Forum (WEF)

, 1–2, 177–178

World economy

, 40

Young people, entrepreneurial skills of

, 48–51

Your Better Life Index

, 141