Citation

Calnan, M. (2020), "Index", Health Policy, Power and Politics: Sociological Insights, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 163-168. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83909-394-420201012

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2020 Michael Calnan

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INDEX

Index

Abstract systems

, 30–31

Accountability

, 25, 27

for reasonableness

, 59–60

Accountable care organisations (ACOs)

, 16

Acheson report

, 107

Action on smoking and health (ASH)

, 100

Acupuncture

, 44

Adaptation policy

, 125

Adaptation strategies

, 123

Affluenza disease

, 120

Age discrimination in healthcare

, 51

Agenda setting

, 88

Air pollution

, 121–122

Allocation decisions

, 55

Appraisal of cost-effectiveness of medicines

, 68

Arm pain study

, 43–44

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

, 68, 83

Autonomy

, 22, 52

Bias

, 90–91

corporate

, 63

‘Big bang’ reforms

, 8–9

Big Pharma

, 63–68

Biographical disruption

, 49

Biomedicine

, 42

Body mass indicator (BMI)

, 112–113

Bourdieu’s theory

, 111

British Medical Journal (BMJ)

, 11

Bureaucratic model

, 27

Business-as-usual paths (BAU paths)

, 124

Cancer Drugs fund

, 67

Cancer survival

, 18

Care Quality Commission (CQC)

, 9

report

, 75

‘Case and judgement base’ approach

, 60

Celebrity culture

, 92

Chains of trust relations

, 81

Change4Life programme

, 113

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

, 123

Choice policies

, 39, 45

Chronic illness

, 48–50

Citizens’ health movements

, 120

Class

, 3

inequalities

, 103

occupational

, 112

precariat

, 116, 128

social

, 3, 77, 88, 103–104, 111

Clean Air Acts

, 121

Climate change

, 123

controlling

, 125

damaging effects

, 124

Climate Change Act (2008)

, 125

Clinical autonomy

, 22, 27

Clinical commissioning groups (CCGs)

, 9

Clinical discretion

, 24

Clinical freedom

, 57s

Clinical governance

, 26

Clinical judgement

, 62

Co-production

, 62–63

of regulatory arrangements

, 33

Coalition

government

, 26, 37, 39, 109

policies

, 14

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)

, 77–78, 83

Commissioning

decisions

, 10

groups

, 9

Commodification

, 39

Commonwealth fund survey

, 18

Communitarian systems

, 18

Community health councils

, 36–37

Comparative analysis

, 17–19

Competition Commission

, 10

Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs)

, 42–43

Conceptual approaches to dignity

, 51

Conceptual level of medicalisation

, 82

Confidence

, 30–31

CONITEC

, 70

Conservative and Liberal Democrat coalition government, see Coalition

Conservative government

, 11, 107, 126

policy

, 10

Consistency in public interest

, 25

Consumer activity in healthcare

, 46

Consumerism

, 24, 35

Contested illnesses

, 127

Corporate bias

, 63

Corporate rationalisers

, 3

Corporatisation

, 24

Cosmetic surgery

, 11

‘Creeping’ privatisation

, 12

Critical theory

, 85

Cuba’s National Centre for Scientific Research (CNIG)

, 71

Cuban drug development and evaluation

, 71

Cultural capital

, 105

Cultural explanation

, 105

Cut practice

, 32

Daily Mail

, 95

Decision-making approach

, 46, 59–61

Deinstitutionalisation

, 73

Demand side strategies

, 58

Demedicalisation

, 82

Democratic deficit in NHS

, 35

Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra)

, 122

Department of Health (DoH)

, 9

Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC)

, 13

Dependency

, 50

Depletion

, 120–121, 123–126

Depression

, 74

Deprofessionalisation thesis

, 23–24

Diagnostic categories of mental disorders (DSM)

, 82

Dignified practices

, 51

(Dis)trust

, 31, 81

Disability

, 48–50

Disease

, 127–131

Affluenza disease

, 120

mongering

, 68

Disengagement

, 50

Doctor–patient relationship, changing nature of

, 46–48

Drug

industry

, 55, 64

safety policy

, 65

Ebola

epidemic

, 6

outbreak

, 99–100

Economic appraisals of technology

, 59

Economic autonomy

, 22

Economic determinism

, 73

Embodied trust

, 29

Employment

, 130

Employment Equality Regulation

, 129

Empowerment of patients

, 15

‘Enforced pause’ for thought

, 8

Enforced trust

, 29

Environmental factors

, 119

Environmental policy, public health successes through

, 119

Environmentally sustainable health systems

, 126

Epistemic uncertainty

, 61

EU medicines regulatory network (EMRN)

, 65

Eudaimonic model

, 77

European Free Trade Association (EFTA)

, 65

European Medicines Agency (EMA)

, 64–65

European Union (EU)

, 45

Evidence-based clinical guidelines

, 24

Evidence-based medicine (EBM)

, 58

Explicit rationing

, 56, 58–59

strengths and weaknesses

, 62–63

Feminist approaches

, 21

Food

consumption

, 112

industry

, 115

scandals

, 96–99

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

, 64

Food Banks

, 112

Fragmentation of services

, 9

Freidson’s theory of restratification

, 24

Functionalist/systems approach

, 21

Gatekeeping strategy

, 7

General Medical Council (GMC)

, 28

General practitioner (GP)

, 7

‘Gig’ economy

, 128

Glasgow Media group

, 94

Government policy

, 25, 36–38

Government-driven public health interventions

, 119

Green health policy

, 120

Greenism

, 120, 132

Griffiths proposals

, 26

Gross domestic product (GDP)

, 18

Hardship

, 50, 52

Health (see also Responsive health service)

capital

, 106

gap to absolute deprivation

, 104

and health services

, 39

health-related behaviours

, 111

policy

, 1

policy-making process

, 1

promotion policies

, 111

systems

, 18

watch

, 17

Health and Safety at Work (HSW)

, 129

Health and Safety Executive (HSE)

, 129

Health and Social Care Act

, 7–15, 109

Healthcare

, 39–40, 61

social inequalities in experience of

, 50–53

Healthwatch

, 9

High-profile targets

, 19

High-trust behaviours

, 41

Hospital-based private sector

, 10

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

, 110

Hyperbolic syringe model

, 88

Illnesses

, 127–128

Implicit rationing

, 56–57

strengths and weaknesses

, 62–63

Independent Food Aid Network (IFAN)

, 112

Independent sector providers (ISPs)

, 13

Independent Sector Treatment Centres

, 12

Indian health system

, 32–34

Individualistic health systems

, 18

Industrialisation

, 119

Institutional corruption

, 63

Institutional level of medicalisation

, 82

Institutional trust

, 31

Institutionalisation

, 73

Instrumental-strategic approaches

, 31

Integrated care partnerships (ICPs)

, 16

Integrated care systems (ICSs)

, 16

Interactional level of medicalisation

, 82

Internal/quasi market

, 8

International comparisons

, 68–72

Internet

, 24, 35, 47, 53, 68, 87, 90

Interpersonal trust

, 31

Interpersonal uncertainty

, 61

Interprofessional working relationships

, 23

Inward observability

, 34

Judicialisation

, 71

Knaves

, 22

Knights

, 22

Knowledge gap

, 23

Kyoto Protocol

, 126

Labelling

, 85

Labour government

, 2, 25, 107–108

policy

, 12, 108

Labour policy strategy

, 108

Large hospital asylums

, 73

Lay expertise

, 13, 43, 49, 57

Legal duties

, 15

Lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans people (LGBT people)

, 76

Life course approach

, 106

Lifestyle behaviours as social and moral problem

, 110–115

Local Healthwatch organisations

, 9

Local involvement networks (LINKs)

, 37

Low-trust behaviours

, 41

Managerialism

, 25–28

Market

market-oriented society

, 106

model

, 28

principles

, 8, 39

type of organisation

, 8

Marketisation

, 10, 38

evidence of increasing

, 13

Marmot report

, 108

Marxist approach

, 21

Mass media

, 87

and influence

, 87–89

Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR)

, 6

Media, health policy in

, 87, 90–92

case studies

, 92–101

and changing shape of health policy making

, 89–92

mass media

, 87

Media advocacy

, 100

Medical journals

, 68

Medical profession

Medical profession

, 3, 5, 22

devaluation

, 25

practices and strategies

, 21

trustworthy

, 29–31

Medical professionalism

, 21, 57

changing approaches to medical governance

, 28–29

discourse

, 27

government policy and English NHS

, 25

managerialism and medical profession

, 25–28

sociological narratives

, 21–25

trust and failing medical governance

, 32–34

Medical sociologists

, 2

Medical-authority model

, 98

Medicalisation

, 2, 68, 82–85

Medicines Act (1968)

, 64

Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)

, 65

Medicines regulation

, 68–72

Menschenwurde

, 51

Mental health

, 94–96

system

, 74

Mental Health Act (1983)

, 74

Mental health policy (see also Responsive health service)

changing shape

, 73–78

medicalisation and psychiatric treatments policy

, 82–85

mental health users

, 85–86

trust, risk and

, 78–82

Mental healthcare

, 31, 74

Mid Staffordshire scandal (2013)

, 25, 100

Middle-income countries

, 113

Mix-and-match approach

, 44

Muddling Through Elegantly

, 60

Mutual recognition

, 52

National guidelines

, 24

National Health Service (NHS)

, 1, 5, 7

clinical governance policy

, 78

English NHS

, 25, 126–127

Health and Social Care Act

, 7–15

Improvement

, 9

interplay of powerful interest groups shaping organisational developments

, 15–17

performance

, 17–19

National health systems

, 58

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)

, 5, 60

emergence

, 58–59

in England

, 55

Negotiation strategy

, 67

Neo-Weberian approach

, 21–23

Neoliberal epidemic

, 116

Neoliberal ideologies

, 9

Neoliberalism

, 38, 106

‘Net zero’ emissions

, 125

Neurotic conditions

, 74

New Labour administration

, 8

Newsworthiness

, 91–92, 97

Nitrogen dioxide

, 122

Non-suicidal self-harm (NSSH)

, 76

Normalisation

, 49

Nursing

, 23

Obesity

, 113

epidemic and policies

, 6, 103

Occupational class

, 112

Occupational health services

, 130

Office of National Statistics (ONS)

, 111

Optimistic approach

, 50

Organisation(al)

, 8

professionalism

, 27

trust

, 31

Oslo effect

, 122

Outsourcing

, 12

Paris Agreement

, 126

Paternalistic relationship

, 46

Patient

charters

, 37

choice

, 35

education and policies

, 58

patient–consumer model

, 98

trust

, 31

Pay beds

, 10

People living in deprivation

, 132

Personal trust

, 30

PHARMAC

, 69

Pharmaceutical price regulation scheme

, 65

Pharmaceuticalisation

, 68

Pharmaceuticals

, 64

Pharmacological revolution

, 73

Pharmacy

, 23

Physiotherapy

, 23

Plastic surgery

, 11

Pluralistic health systems

, 18

Poachers turned gatekeepers

, 27

Policosanol

, 71

Policy

analysis

, 4, 57–58

decision-making

, 48

policy-makers

, 99

process

, 7s4

themes

, 4

Policy making

, 1–2, 4

in NHS

, 63–68

Political autonomy

, 22

Political process

, 1

Politics

of recognition

, 3

of redistribution

, 3

‘Polluter pays’ principle

, 122

Pollution

, 120–121

Portrayal of disability

, 96

Post-Fordism

, 38

Postcode lottery

, 58

Precariat class

, 116, 128

Primary care trusts (PCTs)

, 9

Priming

, 88

Prioritisation criteria

, 60

Priority setting

, 55–57

Private financial initiative (PFI)

, 11

Private health (see also Public health)

insurance

, 12

sector in England

, 10

Private healthcare and insurance

, 69

Private hospitals

, 11

Private providers

, 10, 12–13, 19, 42

Privatisation

, 4–5, 7, 9–10, 12–14, 17, 19, 32

Proactive mass media

, 89–90

Procedural uncertainty

, 61

Professional(ism)

, 27

autonomy

, 15

journalists

, 97–98

model

, 27

scientific medicine

, 23

Proletarianisation

, 23–24

Psychiatric treatments policy

, 82–85

Psychiatry

, 79

Psychosocial explanation

, 107

Psychotic mental health problems

, 31

Public health (see also Private health)

interplay of powerful interest groups in public health policies

, 115–116

professionals

, 99

successes through environmental policy

, 119

Public Health England (PHE)

, 9

Public Involvement Forums (PALs)

, 37

Public sphere model

, 98

Public voice

, 35

Quality adjusted life years (QALYs)

, 59

Quasi internal market

, 57

Rationing

, 55–57, 59–61

Re-institutionalisation

, 74

Recognition

, 51–52

Regulatory failure

, 32–33

Relational-communicative approaches

, 31

Relative deprivation

, 104–105

RENAME (National Essential Medicines List)

, 70

‘Rescue’ principles

, 57

Respect

, 51–52

Responsible Officers (ROs)

, 29

Regulations

, 28

Responsive health service

, 35

assessing impact of policy

, 40–46

changing nature of doctor–patient relationship

, 46–48

government policy

, 36–38

increasing policy focus on choice for patients

, 38–40

patient perspectives and lived experience of disability and chronic illness

, 48–50

social inequalities in experience of healthcare

, 50–53

socio-political context

, 35–36

Restratification

, 24

Revalidation

, 24, 28–29

Risk

, 78–82

Royal College of Physicians (RCP)

, 121

Safety of drugs

, 63

Scandals

, 25

Schizophrenia

, 74

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

, 84

Self-identity

, 49

Self-interest

, 22

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

, 92

Single technology appraisals (STA)

, 66

Sistema Unico de Saude (SUS)

, 70

Smoking

, 111, 114, 115

Social

characterisation

, 85–86

class

, 3, 77, 88, 103–104, 111

constructivism

, 85

forces

, 61

mobility

, 106

position and role of social media

, 101

problems

, 6

reaction theory

, 85

realism

, 85

relationships

, 77

‘value judgements’ criteria

, 67

Social inequalities

, 6

characterising policy

, 106–110

and environment

, 131–132

in experience of healthcare

, 50–53

explanations for

, 104–106

in health

, 103, 123

interplay of powerful interest groups in public health policies

, 115–116

lifestyle behaviours as social and moral problem

, 110–115

nature and extent of

, 103–104

‘Social service’ role

, 74

Socio-economic position (SEP)

, 77

Socio-economic status (SES)

, 50, 103, 113–114

Socio-historical circumstances

, 22

Socio-political context

, 35–36

Sociological/sociology

, 2

analysis of work

, 130

approaches to medical professionalism

, 30

narratives of medical professionalism

, 21–25

research

, 49

theories of medical professionalism

, 130

Soy protein isolate

, 96–97

Stakeholder model

, 28

State-funded laboratories

, 70

Stern report

, 125

Stewardship

, 33

Strategic health authorities

, 9

Structural interest approach

, 3

Sugar tax

, 113

Sugary-based drinks

, 113

Sure Start programme

, 109

Sustainability

, 120–121, 126–127

Sustainable Development Unit (SDU)

, 127

Systematic analysis

, 92

Thalidomide

, 64

Theoretical approach

, 3, 23

‘Tick box’ model of clinical caring

, 27

Time to Change campaign

, 94

Tobacco

consumption

, 122

industry

, 115

Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)

, 71

Traditional media

, 101

Tranquillisers

, 73

Transition institutionalisation

, 74

Transparency in public interest

, 25

Treasury

, 58

Trussell Trust

, 112

Trust

, 29–31, 40, 61, 78–82

chains

, 31, 81

and failing medical governance

, 32–34

relations

, 33

Trustworthy medical profession

, 29–31

Uncertainty

, 23, 61

Undermedicalisation

, 128

United Kingdom professional standards authority

, 28

Urbanisation

, 119

Vaccination

, 93–94

Viagra (drug)

, 58

Vitamin D production

, 123

Wanless report

, 58

Weberian analysis

, 22

Well-being

, 127–131

Work

, 130

stress

, 128, 130

Working environment

, 127–131

Workplace trust

, 31

World Trade Organisation (WTO)

, 71