Index

Matthew W. Ragas (DePaul University, USA)
Ron Culp (DePaul University, USA)

Business Acumen for Strategic Communicators: A Primer

ISBN: 978-1-83867-662-9, eISBN: 978-1-83867-659-9

Publication date: 1 March 2021

This content is currently only available as a PDF

Citation

Ragas, M.W. and Culp, R. (2021), "Index", Business Acumen for Strategic Communicators: A Primer, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 299-308. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83867-659-920211018

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited


INDEX

Note: Page numbers followed by “n” indicate notes.

“Absentee owners”
, 81

Accelerators
, 27

Accenture
, 164

Accounting
, 115

firms and auditors
, 106

Acquisition-driven growth
, 24

Actual billable hours
, 167

Advertising
, 184

AFL-CIO
, 86

Aflac Duck
, 73

Agency

agency–client relationship
, 159–160

assets
, 162

holding company
, 162

of record
, 168

search
, 169

side
, 186

Agency business models
, 165–168

disruptive forces to
, 170–173

Agile method
, 34

Agility
, 46, 183

Albritton
, 24–25

Alexa products
, 24

Alibaba
, 21

Allen, Jean
, 6

Alphabet
, 122–123

Alphabet/Google
, 21

balance sheet
, 129–130

market cap
, 133

shareholders’ equity
, 132

soup of regulators and rules
, 141–143

Amazon
, 20–21, 24

Amazon Web Services (AWS)
, 24

American Advertising Federation (AAF)
, 201

Amsterdam-based Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)
, 118

Analyst/investor day
, 149

Analytics
, 25

Annual basis
, 121

Annual earnings guidance
, 151

Apple company
, 20–21

Archetype
, 57

Arthur W. Page Society
, 3–5, 21, 182, 179, 190, 202–203

Assets
, 115, (see also Investment)

management firms
, 104

Available billable hours
, 167

B Corp certification
, 89

B Lab Advertisement
, 90

Bain, Mark
, 153

Balance sheet
, 120, 128

Alphabet
, 129–130

assets
, 130–131

liabilities
, 131

shareholders’ equity
, 131–132

Barra, Mary
, 204

Bartlett, Dan
, 180

Bechtel Corporation
, 5

Beiser, Kathryn
, 119

Benchmarking analysis
, 167

Beneficial ownership report
, 147

Benefit corporation (Benefit Corps)
, 88–89

Benioff, Marc (Salesforce. com founder)
, 69

“Best in class” model PR agencies
, 167

Bezos, Jeff
, 33, 40, 85

“Bid”
, 101

Billable brainpower
, 165

Billable hours
, 167

Billing rate
, 167

Black Lives Matter (BLM)
, 6, 74

“Blackout periods”
, 147

BlackRock
, 104, 118

Blended rate
, 167

Blockbuster executives
, 97

Bloomberg
, 133

Bloomberg Businessweek
, 203

Board of advisors
, 82

Board of Directors
, 80, 99, 207

Boardrooms
, 34, 80–82

Boards of directors
, 91

Bonds
, 99–100

Book value
, 130

Boston Consulting Group (BCG)
, 21

Bottom-line

performance
, 23

profitability
, 126

“Boxes and lines” reporting
, 35

Boylan, Katie
, 210–211

Bryant, Adam
, 91

Budgeting process
, 189

Buffett, Warren
, 66

Burn rate
, 131

Burson, Harold
, 4

Burson Cohn & Wolfe (BCW)
, 79

Business
, 65

activities
, 25

of business
, 5

edutainment
, 204

imperative
, 187

IQ
, 198

leaders
, 69, 125, 139

literacy
, 8, 11, 202

management
, 65–66

model
, 178

transformations and strategic communication
, 27–29

Business acumen
, 120, 197

career stages
, 201–202

lifelong learning and mindset of champions
, 208

moves to center stage
, 198–201

perceived benefits of
, 11–13

in strategic communications
, 9–11

strategic management function and
, 7–9

ways to build
, 202–207

Business Roundtable
, 69–70

Business-to-business (B2B)
, 183

B2B brand Cummins, Inc.
, 184

Business-to-consumer (B2C)
, 183

Buying securities
, 143

C-corporation (C-corp)
, 88–89

C-suite
, 4–5, 13, 28, 34, 66, 68, 80, 85–86, 91, 143, 146, 148, 178–179, 188

advisor
, 116

functions
, 198

leaders
, 125

priority
, 38–4

Calendar year
, 189

Capital markets
, 99–101

Capitalism
, 57, 65

Career

skills
, 7

stages
, 201–202

Carney, Jay
, 180

“Cash burn”
, 131

Cash flow statement
, 120

Casto, Carole
, 184

Cause marketing
, 71

Certified B Corps
, 89

Change management communication
, 28

Charity Navigator
, 121

Checo, Andy
, 187

Chief communications officer (CCO)
, 4–5, 24, 50, 65, 85, 99, 169, 178–181, 200

Chief corporate affairs officers (CCAOs)
, 186

Chief executive officer (CEO)
, 4, 19–20, 33–34, 38–40, 49, 66, 74, 79, 81, 86, 99, 116, 125, 139, 145, 179, 181, 198–199

activism
, 75

imperative
, 23

Chief financial officers (CFOs)
, 81, 86, 105, 115, 145, 181

Chief growth officer (CGO)
, 25

Chief human resources officer (CHRO)
, 85, 86, 181

Chief information officer (CIO)
, 85

Chief information officer/chief technology officer (CIO/CTO)
, 86, 181

Chief legal officer
, 143

Chief marketing officers (CMOs)
, 13, 25, 85, 180–181

Chief operating officer (COO)
, 116

Chief technology officer (CTO)
, 85

Chris Collins
, 147

Chronicle of Higher Education
, 199

Classic agency theory
, 80

Clients
, 167

CNBC. com
, 133

Co-working space
, 26

Code of Ethics
, 52

Cohen, Joe
, 112–113

“Command and control” leadership styles
, 35

Commission on Public Relations Education
, 8, 200

Common agile frameworks
, 36

Communication

agency
, 27, 184

consultancies
, 184

ecosystem
, 160–162

professionals
, 104

Communicative action
, 57

Communicators
, 4

opportunity for
, 109–110

Company executives
, 146

Comstock, Beth
, 81

Cone, Carol
, 61–62

Conscious Capitalism
, 51, 65

Conscious Leadership
, 51

Consultancy business models, disruptive forces to
, 170–173

Consultancy holding companies
, 27

Consultants
, 146

Consulting firms
, 171

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
, 141

Corner office
, 85–87

Corona
, 199

Corporate annual communication budget planning
, 189

Corporate character
, 58

Corporate conscience, strategic communication as
, 58–59

Corporate department
, 189

Corporate disclosure
, 152

Alphabet soup of regulators and rules
, 141–143

earnings guidance and forward-looking statements
, 150–152

laws
, 117

material, non-public information
, 146–148

navigating web of laws, rules and regulations
, 152–153

quarterly earnings calls
, 148–150

securities laws and regulation fair disclosure
, 143–146

Corporate executives
, 68

Corporate finance
, 99

Corporate functions
, 193

Corporate governance
, 81–82

and strategic communications
, 90–91

Corporate law firms
, 106

Corporate philanthropy
, 71

Corporate purpose
, 58

Corporate social advocacy (CSA)
, 73–74

Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
, 29, 54, 65, 77, 118

corporate social advocacy on rise
, 73–75

evolution
, 71–73

Corporations
, 74, 105

Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)
, 123–124

Cost of revenue
, 124

Costco Wholesale Corporation
, 52–53

Council of Institutional Investors
, 69–70

COVID-19 global pandemic
, 74, 87, 108, 177, 188

Crain’s Chicago Business
, 24

Credits
, 115

Cripps, Kathy
, 160

CRM
, 163

Crowdfunding
, 99

Cummins
, 184

integrated corporate communication and marketing team at
, 185

Current liabilities
, 131

CVS Health
, 58

Davis, Paula S.
, 183

Debits
, 115

Debt
, 100

Decision-makers
, 115

Delphi panel method
, 11

DevOps
, 36

Diffusion of Innovations
, 25

Digital manufacturing.
, 36

Digital media-empowered stakeholders
, 67

Digital reinventions
, 28

Dimon, Jamie (CEO and chair of JPMorgan Chase)
, 39–40, 204

Direct listing
, 109

Disruption
, 20

Disruptive innovation
, 21

navigating
, 20

Diversified agency services group (DAS)
, 162

Diversity, equity and inclusion (DE&I)
, 80, 82, 187

on boards
, 82–85

Dodd–Frank Act
, (see Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (2010))

Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (2010)
, 144

Donahoe, John (NIKE CEO)
, 6

Dow Jones Industrial Average
, 104

Duty of care
, 82

Duty of loyalty
, 82

DVDs
, 97

Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA)
, 117

Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)
, 117

Earnings calls
, 148–149

Earnings guidance
, 150–152

Earnings multiple
, (see P/E ratio)

Earnings per share (EPS)
, 116, 127

calculating
, 127–128

Edelman, Richard
, 27, 165

EDGAR system
, 145, 147

Effective organizational communication
, 178

Effective strategic communication
, 4, 29

Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system (EDGAR system)
, 107, 117

Employee(s)
, 146

activism
, 74, 80

Enterprise value (EV)
, 132, 134

Enterprise’s vision
, 53

Environmental, social and governance (ESG)
, 50, 65, 118

Environmental scanning
, 66

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
, 141

Equity
, 100, 187

ownership model
, 174

Ethics
, 53–56

“Every day low price” strategy
, 19

Executive committee
, 5, 180

Executive communications
, 104

Executive vice president (EVP)
, 180

Expenses
, 115

Expertise-based fee model
, 165

External communication areas
, 182

Facebook
, 20–21

Fearless Girl campaign
, 83–84

Federal Reserve Board
, 141

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
, 141

Fee model
, 166

Fee-based relationships
, 167

Feldman, Bob (ICF Next)
, 46–47

Fiduciary
, 84

duties
, 82

Finance
, 99–101, 115

finance-intensive specialization
, 120

future
, 109–110

Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)
, 117–118

Financial acumen
, 120

Financial communications
, 99

Financial community
, 105

Financial executives
, 123

Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
, 106

Financial reporting and disclosures
, 117–118

Financial statements
, 115–116

types
, 118–121

Financial Times
, 204

Financial valuation essentials
, 132

enterprise value
, 134

market capitalization
, 133

P/E ratio
, 134

Fink, Larry
, 49–50, 204

Fiscal year
, 189

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
, 141

For-profit entities
, 160

Forbes
, 72

Form 10-K
, 144

Form 10-Q
, 144

Form 4 filing
, 147

Form 990
, 121

Fortune
, 203–204

Fortune 500 company
, 83, 184

Forward-looking statements
, 150–152

“Friedman doctrine”
, 67

FTI Consulting, Inc.
, 164

Full-service agency
, 161

Function budget cycles
, 189

13G filing
, 147

G Suite tools
, 122

General and administrative expenses (G&A)
, 124

General Counsel
, 143

General Electric (GE)
, 81

Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)
, 117, 121

GenZ
, 57

Gladwell, Malcolm
, 197

“Gladwell’s rule”
, 197

Global advertising agency networks
, 162

Gomez, Dionne
, 13

Google
, 20

Google Cloud Platform
, 122

Google Play app
, 122

Great Depression
, 144

Great Recession (2008–2009)
, 177

Gross margin
, 125–126

GroupM, J. Walter Thompson
, 79

Growth
, 23

Guidestar
, 121

Hamilton
, 4

“Healthy paranoia”
, 19

Hedge funds
, 105

Hernandez-Blades, Catherine
, 77–78

Heyman, Bill
, 11

Hispanic Public Relations Association (HPRA)
, 187

Hobson, Mellody
, 204

“Homegrown” revenue growth
, 24

Huawei
, 21

Human resources (HR)
, 85, 178

Hynes, Aedhmar
, 57

Hyper-connectivity
, 70

ICF International, Inc.
, 164

In-house agency
, 172

In-house communication
, (see also Strategic communication)

budgets for in-house departments and teams
, 188–190

careers and characteristics of in-house communication professionals
, 184–188

CCO
, 178–181

executives
, 179

future of communication departments and teams
, 190–191

roles and responsibilities of in-house departments and teams
, 181–184

Incentivized based model
, 167

Inclusion
, 187

Income

net
, 125

operating
, 124–125

Income statement
, 119, 121–123, 128, 133

COGS
, 123–124

G&A
, 124

net income
, 125

operating income
, 124–125

Incubators
, 27

Index funds
, 104

Individual investors
, 104

Information technology (IT)
, 36

Information websites
, 133

Initial public offering (IPO)
, 98

process of going public and ringing bell
, 106–109

Innovation
, 21, 25, 28

as driver of organizational growth
, 25–27

Innovative companies
, 22

Inorganic driven growth
, (see Acquisition-driven growth)

Inside Job (documentary film)
, 205

Institute for Public Relations (IPR)
, 84, 198

Institutional investors
, 104

Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS)
, 106

Institutionalized influence of shareholders
, 87–90

Intangible assets
, 130

Internal communications professionals
, 28

Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
, 121

International Accounting Standards Boards (IASB)
, 117

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
, 118

Interpublic Group (IPG)
, 24, 160

Investment
, (see also Assets)

banks
, 106

firms
, 105

managers
, 118

Investor relations (IR)
, 13, 98, 105, 109, 145, 182, 205

Investor relations officer (IRO)
, 105, 107

Investors
, 65, 67–68

Jack Ma
, 204

Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. (J&J Services, Inc.)
, 54

Johnson, Tom
, 118

Jones, Damon
, 180

Jordan, Michael
, 208

Kanban method
, 35–36

relationship between lean, agile and Kanban approaches
, 37

Key performance indicators (KPIs)
, 175

Kim Crawford
, 199

Kotcher, Ray
, 198

KPMG International
, 34

LaBranche, Gary A.
, 146

Law of exponential growth
, (see Moore’s Law)

Lazarus, Shelly
, 93–94

Lead, opportunity for strategic communication to
, 29

Lean and Agile enterprise
, (see also Purpose-driven enterprise)

lean and agile DNA
, 35–38

organizational agility
, 38–40

strategic communications and organizational agility
, 40–44

Lean manufacturing
, 35–36

Lean method
, 34

Lenovo
, 54–55

Lewis, Michael
, 204

Liabilities
, 115

“Lightweight” software development
, 36

Limited liability company (LLC)
, 88

Long-term debt
, 131

Lyft
, 20

MacDonald, Maril
, 31–32

Mackey, John
, 51, 69

Management consulting firms
, 106

Marc Randolph
, 97

Marino, Peter (MillerCoors)
, 9

Market capitalization (market cap)
, 132

Marketing
, 160–162

Marketplace
, 203

MarketWatch
, 133

Mars Edge
, 101

Mars Food
, 101

Mars Incorporated
, 101

Mars Petcare
, 101

Mars Wrigley
, 101

Master in Business Administration (MBA)
, 205

MBA-trained marketing professionals
, 13

Mastering Business for Strategic Communicators
, 8

Material
, 146–148

information
, 146, 150

“Materiality”
, 145

McDonald’s restaurant concept
, 159

McGinnis, Kelly
, 28

McGrail, Kelly
, 15–16

McGrew, Mike
, 199

McMillon, Doug (president of Walmart)
, 19

MDC Partners
, 162

Media
, 160–162

Mentor
, 15

Michael, Chelsea
, 13

Mid-career professionals and rising leaders
, 201–202

Millennials
, 59

Mindshare
, 79

Mission
, 53–56

Modelo
, 199

Modern CSR
, 71

Moore, Gordon (Intel founder)
, 20

Moore’s Law
, 20–21

Mucha, Zenia
, 180

Musk, Elon
, 139

Mutual fund
, 206

NASDAQ
, 102, 106

MarketSite
, 102

National Investor Relations Institute (NIRI)
, 104, 146

Neptune
, 56

Net asset value
, (see Book value)

Net book value
, (see Book value)

Net income
, 125

Net margin
, 126–127

Net profit margin
, (see Net margin)

Netflix
, 20–21, 97–99

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)
, 102, 106

NIKE
, 6

Non-current liabilities
, 131

Non-deal road show (NDR)
, 149

Non-operating expenses
, 127

Non-public information
, 146–148

Nooyi, Indra
, 71

NY-based Colgate-Palmolive Company
, 183

Ogilvy
, 79

Omnicom
, 24, 162

group total revenue by geography
, 163

group total revenue by industry
, 164

Only the Paranoid Survive
, 20

Onoda, John
, 193–194

Operating expenses
, 127

Operating income
, 124–125

Operating margin
, 126

ORD for Chicago O’Hare International Airport
, 102

Organic growth
, 24

Organic-driven growth
, 24

Organizational agility
, 38–40

strategic communications and
, 40–44

Organizational communications professionals
, 28

Organizational governance
, 82

Organizational leaders
, 91

Pacifico
, 199

Page, Arthur
, 3

Page Principles
, 3–4, 57

Page Society
, 179, 198

Page’s approach
, 3

Palantir Technologies
, 109

Paul Polman
, 66

Pay ratio rule
, 87

People of color (POC)
, 83

People operations
, 85

People teams
, 85

Performance-based model
, 167

Periodic basis
, 144

Peter Parker principle
, 191

Physical product manufacturing
, 36

Porat, Ruth
, 116

Powell, Nigel
, 180

Price-to-earnings ratio (P/E ratio)
, 128, 132, 134

Price-to-sales ratio
, 134

Primary agency
, 168

Private equity firms
, 105–106

Private firms
, 144

Private Securities Litigation Reform Act (1995)
, 152

Procurement and sourcing
, 169

Professional investment funds
, 104

Profit and loss statement (P&L)
, (see Income statement)

Profit margins
, 125

gross margin
, 125–126

net margin
, 126–127

operating margin
, 126

Profits
, 23, 51–53

maximization
, 52, 59

Project-based agency–client relationships
, 167

ProPublica
, 121

Prosek, Jennifer
, 99

Prospectus
, 107

Proxy

advisors
, 106

contest
, 88

solicitors
, 106

PRWeek
, 187

Public benefit corporation
, (see Benefit corporation)

Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB)
, 117

Public firms
, 144

Public relations (PR)
, 3, 74, 99, 124, 135, 155, 159, 178, 184, 198

agency
, 165

and communication agency rankings table
, 166

evolution of PR and strategic communications
, 4–7

firm
, 160

Public Relations Society of America (PRSA)
, 198

Public Relations Student Society of America (PRSSA)
, 201

Public scrutiny
, 58

Publicis
, 24

Purpose
, 51–53, 57–58

Purpose-driven enterprise
, 57, (see also Lean and Agile enterprise)

Fink, Larry
, 49–50

mission, vision, values and ethics
, 53–56

purpose
, 57–58

purpose and profits
, 51–53

shifting expectations for business by society
, 50–51

strategic communication as corporate conscience
, 58–59

Quality of practice
, 197

Quarter-over-quarter comparison
, 119

Quarterly basis, financial statements on
, 119

Quarterly earnings calls
, 148–150

Quarterly SEC filings
, 150

Quiet period
, 108, 146

Radical transparency
, 70

Re-investing retained profits
, 99

Reed Hastings
, 97, 149

Referees for financial reporting and disclosures
, 117–118

Regulation Fair Disclosure (Reg FD)
, 145

Request for information (RFI)
, 169

Request for proposal (RFP)
, 169

Research and development (R&D)
, 124

Responsible capitalism
, 65

Retainer
, 167

Return on sales
, (see Operating margin)

Revenue(s)
, 23, 115, 122

growth
, 24

Road show
, 108–109, 149

Robert Mondavi
, 199

Rule setters for financial reporting and disclosures
, 117–118

S-corporation (S-corp)
, 88–89

“S-team”
, 85

S4 Capital
, 162

Safe harbor language
, 152

Sales, general and administrative (SG&A)
, 124

Sales
, (see Revenues)

Salesforce. com
, 20, 24

Sarbanes–Oxley Act (2002)
, 144

SarbOx (SOX)
, (see Sarbanes–Oxley Act (2002))

Scaled Agile Framework
, 36

Schedule 13D filing
, 147

Scrum, Extreme Programming
, 36

SD Learning Consortium (SDLC)
, 38–39

Second language, benefits of becoming fluent
, 135

Secondary offering
, 107

Securities
, 105

Securities Act (1933)
, 144

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
, 100, 107–108, 117–118, 140–141, 147–149

Securities Exchange Act (1934)
, (see Securities Act (1933))

Securities laws and regulation fair disclosure
, 143–146

Selective disclosure
, 147, 145, 149

Sell securities
, 105

Selling securities
, 143

Senior leaders
, 202

Senior vice president (SVP)
, 180

Shareholder
, 82

activism
, 80, 88

capitalism
, 65

equity
, 131–132

institutionalized influence of
, 87–90

primacy
, 65, 69

theory
, 67–71

Shark Tank (ABC television show)
, 204

Shelton, Helen C.
, 59

Short-term profits
, 51

Siegel, Barby K.
, 27

Sierra, Rodrigo A.
, 155–156

“Single bottom line” profits
, 67

Six Sigma method of process
, 36

Skepticism
, 57

Slack Technologies
, 109

Smith, Robert F.
, 204

“Socialism”
, 57

Sorrell, Martin (founder and former CEO of WPP plc)
, 79

Specialized auction platform
, 101

Specialty agency
, 161

Spokespeople
, 139

Spotify Technology
, 20, 109

Sprints
, 38

Square and Venmo (PayPal)
, 20

St. Louis Business
, 13

Stagwell Group
, 162

Stakeholders
, 3, 85, 115, 135, 152

capitalism
, 65

and strategic communications
, 75–76

theory
, 67–71

Standard and Poor’s 500 index (S&P 500)
, 33, 72, 104

State Street
, 104

Global Advisors
, 118

Stock(s)
, 99–100

charts
, 133

exchange
, 101–103, 106

market
, 101–104, 206

StockX
, 101

Stockholders’ equity
, (see Shareholders—equity)

“Story-telling”
, 112

Strategic communication
, 4–7, 13, 20, 100, 135, 208, (see also In-house communication)

agency and consultancy landscape
, 162–165

agency business models
, 165–168

agency–client relationship
, 159–160

business transformations and
, 27–29

as corporate conscience
, 58–59

corporate governance and
, 90–91

defining business acumen in
, 9–11

disruptive forces to agency and consultancy business models
, 170–173

groups
, 164

media, marketing and communication ecosystem
, 160–162

opportunity for strategic communication to lead
, 29

and organizational agility
, 40–44

pitching and winning new business
, 168–170

professional
, 34, 54, 66, 116, 132, 135, 140, 153

stakeholder capitalism and
, 75–76

students
, 201

Strategic communicators
, 59, 118, 190

Strategic decision making
, 4, 199

Strategic imperative for organizations
, 67

Strategic management function and Business Acumen
, 7–9

Strategy
, 25

Stubhub
, 101

Supporting business transformations
, 28

Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB)
, 118

Sustainable, responsible and impact investing funds (SRI investing funds)
, 50

Sustainable capitalism
, 65

Sutton, Leslie
, 190

Talent

attraction
, 16

development
, 202

Tanaka, Patrice
, 52

Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TFCD)
, 118

Tax-exempt organizations
, 121

Technological innovations
, 171

Technology
, 38

Technology evolution
, 21

Tencent
, 21

Tesla
, 20–21, 139–140

The Agile Manifesto
, 36

The Big Short (film)
, 205

The Financial Times
, 79

The Holmes Report
, 184

The Innovator’s Dilemma
, 25

The LAGRANT Foundation (TLF)
, 172

The Last Dance (documentary series)
, 208

The Lean Startup
, 36

The Power List
, 180

Ticker symbol
, 102

Top business leaders
, 204

Top-line performance
, 23

Toyota production system
, 35

“Transformation”
, 28

Transparency
, 139

Trowery, Bjorn
, 186

Truth in Securities Act
, (see Securities Act (1933))

Twitter
, 21

U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission
, 88, 107–108, 145

Uber
, 20

Unilever Sustainable Living Plan
, 66

US corporate boardrooms
, 82

US Department of Agriculture (USDA)
, 141

US general corporate law
, 82

US-based IPOs
, 107

Utilization rate
, 167

Valuation
, 132, 134

Value(s)
, 53–56, 59

proposition
, 173

Van Bergen, Karen
, 175–176

Vanguard
, 104

Venture capital
, 26

firms
, 105

Vice president (VP)
, 180

Vicious cycle
, 23

Virtue signalling
, 57

Virtuous cycle
, 23

Vision
, 53–56

Volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity (VUCA)
, 44

Wall Street
, 102–106, 139

Waller, Valerie Barker
, 137–138

Walmart
, 19

Walton, Sam
, 19

“Waterfall” methodology
, 38

Weber Shandwick
, 75

WeWork
, 107–108

Wheeless, Charlene
, 203

WSJ. com
, 133

Xiaomi
, 21

Yahoo! Finance
, 133

Year-over-year annual comparison of performance (YoY annual comparison of performance)
, 119

Younger professionals
, 200–201

YouTube
, 21

Zeno Group
, 27

Zenoids
, 27

Zero-based budgeting (ZBB)
, 66, 189