Citation

Khunou, G., Marsh, K., Chauke, P., Plank, L., Igbanoi, L. and Kgosiemang, M. (2019), "Index", Does the Black Middle Class Exist and Are We Members?: Reflections from a Research Team, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 165-171. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83867-353-620191009

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2020 Grace Khunou, Kris Marsh, Polite Chauke, Lesego Plank, Leo Igbanoi and Mabone Kgosiemang

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INDEX

Index

Note: Page numbers followed by “n” with numbers indicate notes.

Accoutrements

, 49

Advanced degrees

, 29, 59

Affirmative action

, 107

African Development Bank

, 1

African(s)

, 4–5, 34n3, 36, 89

names

, 89

Age

, 13, 18, 20, 27–28, 31, 44, 49, 86, 105, 114, 116, 145

Agency

, 12, 127

American privilege

, 80, 132

Apartheid

, 2, 3, 5–7, 9–10, 36, 38, 41–42, 48, 61, 66, 70, 73, 108, 117, 119, 125, 139, 143

Appearing casual

, 123

Assumption(s)

, 11, 16, 19–20, 46, 48–49, 70, 72, 84, 89, 103–104, 108, 114–116, 123, 126, 130, 136, 146

Belief

, 12, 19, 55, 77–78, 114, 146

Black academics

, 26

Black American woman

, 24, 26

Black bourgeoisie

, 73, 78–79, 146

Black church

, 119

Black diamonds

, 107

Black girl magic

, 107

Black identity

, 70, 75

Black middle class (BMC)

, 1–2, 7–11, 14, 17–19, 25–26, 28, 35–63, 65–70, 72–73, 75–80, 85, 87, 94, 106, 110, 113, 119, 123, 125–127, 129–132, 136–137, 139, 143–144, 146

Black solidarity

, 75

Black South African

, 26, 31, 44, 68, 143

Black-African

, 30

Blackness

, 9–10, 36, 42, 65, 68, 70, 72–74, 83, 116, 140

Blue-collar professions

, 8

Body language

, 20, 97, 99, 114

Bottom-up approach

, 107

Car ownership

, 55

Catching gender

, 18, 87

Church clothes

, 117

Citizenship

, 1, 18, 86, 145–146

Class

analysis

, 17, 86

position

, 5, 13, 17–18, 40–41, 43, 61, 70, 75, 85, 87, 105, 120, 127, 141

status

, 8, 13, 31–32, 54, 57, 65, 67

stratification

, 19, 76, 113

Clever Blacks

, 65–82

Clothing

, 115, 118–119, 122, 136

Coloured participants

, 30, 34n3, 36

Comfort zone

, 96

Community mobilisation

, 35

Conception(s)

, 8, 10–11, 18, 36–37, 39–42, 46, 50, 54, 70, 76, 87, 116

Conceptual tap-dance

, 57

Conceptualizing the Black middle class

, 22

Conspicuous consumption

, 9–11, 44, 49–50, 54, 79, 83

Consumption patterns

, 35

Contact hypothesis

, 77

Contested concept

, 12–14, 69, 84

Contextual information

, 96

Converse sneakers

, 116

Counter identities

, 87

Creative reflexivity

, 145

Credit

, 38

access

, 48, 51

scores

, 46, 47

Critical analysis

, 16

Critical reflection

, 15, 55

Critical reflexivity

, 15

Cross-national class

, 8

Cross-racial class

, 8

Cultural capital

, 51, 62, 68

Cultural crossings

, 70

Cultural differences

, 92, 101, 136

Cultural system

, 17, 86

Data

, 13–14, 31–32, 88, 100, 134

collection process

, 24, 46, 49, 123, 126–127, 144

Debt

, 10, 45–52, 64

Demographic group

, 32–33, 40–41, 69, 81, 146

Detachment

, 90

Discrimination

, 2, 5, 19, 41, 45, 48, 66, 113, 121, 143–144

Diversity

, 12, 82

Domestic chores

, 107

Dress

, 19–20, 61, 113–124, 141, 146

consciousness

, 123

Economic capital

, 68–69

Emancipation

, 75

Embodied experience

, 115

Empirical value

, 42

Empowering

, 108

Ethics clearance

, 30

Ethnicity

, 18, 48, 86, 146

Evolving definition(s)

, 37, 42, 48–49

Expensive clothes

, 54, 117

Experience gap

, 68

Eye contact

, 91–92, 94

Eyeing me out

, 101

Fact of Blackness

, 36

Fashion

, 115–116, 123

Feminist scholars

, 17, 85–86

Fieldwork

, 17, 22–23, 31, 37, 40, 46, 52, 63, 86, 94, 100, 106, 122, 143

Financial education

, 47–48

Financial literacy

, 46–49

Financial management

, 46, 48–50

Financial stability

, 52

First impressions matter

, 115

Fixed position

, 16

Food

, 33, 39, 59, 105, 114–115, 122, 124–130, 136, 141, 146

Food accepting

, 19, 128–129

Formal dress

, 122

Fragility of Black middle class

, 12, 145

Fulbright fellowship

, 22, 132

Gauteng, South Africa

, 25, 30

Gender

, 13, 16–21, 48, 86–87, 89–90, 96, 100–111, 121, 145

analysis

, 17–18, 85

Gender matching

, 88–96, 104

neutral

, 89, 120

norms

, 17, 86

script

, 111

gender-sensitive research

, 91

Gendering

, 87–88, 95, 100, 103

Good Blacks

, 73

Good manners

, 119, 124–125

Hair

, 75

Health

, 35

Heterogeneous nature of research team

, 26

Highly privileged” members

, 57, 81

Historical analysis

, 4, 36

Historical capital

, 70

Home improvements

, 29, 41, 54–55, 93, 98, 116, 122, 125, 129

Home ownership

, 9, 54

Homogenised construction

, 10

In-depth interviews

, 88

Indebtedness

, 48, 83

Indians

, 34n3, 36

Inequalities

, 2, 34n3, 52

Inequities

, 8–9, 45

Insider/outsider standpoint

, 26

Insiderness

, 14, 16, 67–68, 75, 132

Insiders

, 2, 14–15, 24, 68

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

, 22

Inter-disciplinary scholarship

, 36

Interest rates

, 48

Intergenerational wealth

, 48

Internal conflict

, 78

Interpretive information

, 96

Interview process

, 13–15, 19–20, 26, 32, 59, 65, 81, 84, 90–91, 96–102, 104, 113–115, 127, 145–146

Interviewees

, 13, 95, 108

Interviewers

, 13, 15, 88–89

Intimate relationships

, 25

Issues of affordability

, 17, 85

Iterative processes

, 144

Johannesburg, South Africa

, 22, 30, 138

Language

, 5, 10, 13, 75–76, 119, 136–137, 139

Lazy

, 106–108

Lesbian and bisexual Black women

, 25

Living beyond their means

, 10

Macro level’s of people’s lives

, 17, 86

Marginalisation

, 18, 45, 86, 144

Marital status

, 13, 28

Markers of middle classness

, 31, 54

Market research

, 54

Marriage

, 35

Marx, Karl

, 57

Masculinities

, 25, 91, 116

Mate selection

, 35

Material goods

, 44, 63

Matrix

, 12, 56

Meaning making

, 18, 86

Melrose arch

, 130, 135, 138–140

Methodology

, 19–20, 32, 114–115

Micro level

, 17, 86

Microcosm

, 141

Middle class generosity

, 124–130

Middle classness

, 8, 11, 17–23, 31, 33, 36, 40, 51, 53–57, 59, 61, 68–70, 72–73, 77, 86–87, 113–140

Middle class Blacks

, 9

Mortgage loans

, 48

Moving target

, 35–63

Neighbourhood location

, 9

Nigerian

, 24–25, 67–68

Non-compliance

, 117

Normative narrative

, 41

Objective indicators

, 7

Oppressive discourses

, 95

Oppressive middle class

, 7

Outsiderness

, 14, 16, 75

Outsiders

, 2, 14–15, 24, 68

Overdressed

, 121

Oxymoron

, 49

Participants

, 2, 30, 51–53, 60–61, 81, 87–91, 95–96, 98–106, 115–118, 120, 122–128, 130, 132, 134–135, 145–146

Participation in the arts

, 35

Patriarchy

, 105

Pay their own way

, 105

Perception

, 19–20, 26, 32, 67–82, 114–115, 117, 121–122, 124–125, 136, 144, 146

Performance of middle class

, 33, 141

Performance tool

, 120

Performativity

, 116

Personal development

, 131

Personal experiences

, 13, 16, 32, 104

Personal narratives

, 21, 33

PhD

, 61, 68

Physical appearance

, 19, 113–114, 146

Physical mobilities

, 70

Pick n pay

, 134

Pilot interviews

, 22, 30

Political activism

, 35

Politics of representation

, 18

Politics of respectability

, 119

Positionality

, 10, 12, 15–16, 23, 26, 32, 67–68

Post-fieldwork meetings

, 40

Power differentials

, 85

Power dynamics

, 88, 95, 101–102

Precarious position

, 17, 70, 86

Preconceived ideas

, 15–16, 20, 46, 65–66, 82–84, 115, 122, 136, 145

Prejudice

, 2, 19, 66, 77, 113

Pretentious

, 67

Principal investigators

, 23–26

Privilege

, 5, 18, 25, 39, 63, 80, 86, 125, 139, 146

Props

, 20, 114

Public discourse

, 71, 95, 106–107

Qualitative research

, 15, 24

Race

, 2, 5–7, 12–13, 19–20, 22–23, 26, 33, 35, 43–45, 48, 50, 57–58, 68, 73–74, 76, 113–114, 129, 143

Racial disparities

, 8, 10

Racial identity

, 26, 41, 72, 75–76

Racial identity in white spaces

, 26

Racial segregation

, 5, 143

Real black, the

, 73

Reconstruction

, 106

Reflective process

, 15, 66

Reflexivity

, 2, 12–18, 33, 77, 83, 86–87, 95, 145

Region

, 19, 113

Research

enterprise

, 13, 32

participants

, 14–16, 20, 83–84, 95–96, 115

Researcher

bias

, 15, 24

subjectivity

, 144

voice

, 20, 32–33, 146

worldview

, 15

Resistance

, 126, 127

Respectability

, 118–119

politics

, 119

Safety of participant

, 98

Sandton

, 105, 130

Security check

, 97–98

Segregation

, 5, 45, 66, 144

Self-growth

, 61

Self-identification

, 10–11, 30–31, 38, 64, 144

Self-monitoring

, 15

Self-sufficiency

, 127

Sexual advances

, 101

Sexual gestures

, 124–125

Sexuality

, 13

Sexualisation

, 100–102

Social

buffer

, 41

capital

, 68, 139

experiences

, 18, 86

integration

, 66

location

, 14, 17, 85, 135

markers

, 90

mobility

, 2, 45, 66, 70, 80, 144

movements

, 35

power physical appearance

, 114

progress

, 54

strata

, 135

stratification

, 19, 113

systems

, 17, 86

taboo

, 116

Socio-economic

, 8, 13, 16, 18, 24, 32, 36, 49, 52, 57, 66, 86, 120, 144, 146

status

, 146

well-being

, 7

Soweto, Johannesburg

, 24–25

Static positions

, 14

Stereotypes

, 104–111

Stratified societies

, 85, 118

Streetwise

, 116–117

Stuck-up

, 67

Subjectivities

, 15–16, 91

Subthemes

, 37–38

Suburbs

, 9, 54, 72, 138

Sunday best clothes

, 119

Themes

, 21

Theoretical value

, 42–43

Theorising

, 2, 13, 15, 41, 144

Township

, 3, 6–7, 9, 54, 72, 109–110, 115–116

Traditional gender role

, 99, 107

Uber

, 71, 128

Unemployment

, 17, 85

Unequal ownership of banks

, 51

University of Johannesburg

, 22–23, 30, 34n2

University of Maryland

, 20–21

University of Witwatersrand

, 22, 24

Upper classes

, 118

Wealth accumulation

, 10, 35

Wealth expenditure

, 10

Weber, Max

, 57

Well-being

, 7, 21, 35

Well-off black

, 70, 75

White collar

, 8

White supremacy

, 42

Whiteness

, 10, 42, 116–117

Working class

, 6, 10, 25, 41, 69–70, 74, 106–107, 117, 119, 123, 127–128

Young Black woman

, 106–110

Zulu

, 92, 138

Zuma, Jacob

, 74