Index
ISBN: 978-1-83867-294-2, eISBN: 978-1-83867-293-5
Publication date: 23 September 2019
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
Wei, Y.-M., Liang, Q.-M., Wu, G. and Liao, H. (2019), "Index", Energy Economics, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 447-471. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83867-293-520191002
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Academic educational level improvement
, 289
Accountability mechanism
, 420
Africa
China’s energy diplomacy in
, 73–74
geopolitical pattern in
, 62–64
Air pollution
, 339, 344, 352, 353
air pollutant health effect
, 362
health effect and economic loss caused by
, 349, 351
Akaike Information criterion (AIC)
, 92–93
Alternative energy technology
, 379
America
actively repelled strategy
, 381–382
American energy supply security index
, 396
American strategic oil reserve
, 383
Enron
, 116–117
seeking for oil hegemony
, 53–54
seizing Iran
, 49–50
several hits
, 47–48
strategic adjustment
, 45–46
America conquest in Middle East
, 45–50
America’s several hits
, 47–48
seizing Iran
, 49–50
strategic adjustment
, 45–46
American Association of Oil Geologists (AAPGs)
, 17–18
American Energy Department
, 380–381
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
, 392
Angarsk-Daqing oil pipeline of ESPO pipeline
, 152
Anglo-Iranian Oil Agreement
, 82–83
Anglo-Iranian Oil Company
, 49
Arab-Israeli War (1973–1974)
, 301
Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco)
, 48–49
“Arabian light”, price of
, 87–88
Arabian Oil Company (Japan)
, 382
Arabian Sea
, 59–60
Arbitrage pricing theory model (APT model)
, 112
“As-Is” Agreement of Achnacarry in Scotland
, 81
Asia-Pacific
China’s energy diplomacy in
, 75–77
geopolitical pattern of
, 65–67
Asian financial crisis
, 173, 178–179, 194–195, 199
Atasu-Alataw Pass
, 151–152
Atmospheric environmental pollution
, 343–344
Atmospheric pollutant concentration
, 344
Augment Dickey–Fuller test (ADF test)
, 94–99
Augmented EGARCH model
, 118
Average yield of crude oil imports
, 164
Baku-Ceyhan Pipeline
, 58
Bashi straits
, 144–147
Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)
, 67
Bio-ethanol fuel development
, 384
Bio-liquid fuels
, 257
Biodiesel
, 266
Biomass
power generation
, 265
resources
, 258–259
Biomass energy
, 256–257
development
, 264–266
Black Sea
, 59–60
Brazil, energy diplomacy in
, 75
Brent crude oil, futures transaction of
, 84
Bretton Woods System
, 86
Britain’s conquest in Middle East
, 45–50
signing of “Red Line Agreement”
, 46–47
tear-up of “Red Line Agreement”
, 48–49
British Fuel Use Right Movement (1982)
, 271–272
British Nationality Clause
, 47
Capital asset pricing theory
, 113
Capital of Pollution. See China
Carbon dioxide emission intensity
, 410–411
Carbon emission
, 419
index
, 406–407, 410–411
intensity
, 406–407
Carcinogens
, 276
Caribbean Oil Company
, 64
Caspian Sea
, 59–60
Census X12 seasonal adjustment method
, 103
“Central Asia-Central” pipeline system
, 59
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
, 49–50
Chemical oxygen demand (COD)
, 419
Chemical products manufacturing industry
, 106
Chemical raw materials
, 106
China
, 340
capital market
, 112
coal consumption
, 415–416
cross-border oil and gas import pipeline
, 151–154
economic system
, 318
economy
, 299
energy consumption security
, 297
fossil energy security
, 258–259
fragile energy supply system
, 308
implementing diversified energy import policy
, 382–383
implementing strategy of “going out”
, 388
nuclear power
, 261
primary energy consumption
, 343
provincial energy–economic developments
, 235
refined oil pricing mechanism
, 177
refined oil supply system in
, 326–330
renewable energy resources
, 259
strategy on coal reserve
, 230–233
strategy on natural gas reserve
, 226–230
supplementary strategic oil reserves
, 203–205
urbanization rate
, 357
wind power
, 262–263
China Energy &. Environmental Policy Analysis Model (CEEPA)
, 310, 317–318
China Energy Statistical Yearbook (CESY),
, 239
China Environment Bulletin
, 339–340
China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC)
, 326, 427–428
China National Oil Corporation (CNPC)
, 224–225, 326
China National Petroleum Corporation
, 121–122
China Urban Statistical Yearbook (2008)
, 345
China’s Long-Term Nuclear Power Development Plan (2005~2020)
, 261
Chinese energy supply security system
, 401–402
Chinese Navy
, 154
Chongqing City Investment
, 225
Chongqing Model
, 225
Chongqing refined oil market model
, 225–226
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
, 341
Clean and renewable energy effects on national energy security
financial support
, 269
growth rates of
, 253–257
industry support
, 268–269
international comparison of development policies
, 266–269
policy incentives
, 266–268
proportion of clean and renewable energy
, 257–258
substitution effect on fossil fuels
, 253–258
substitution effect on fossil fuels
, 258–266
target guidance
, 266
Clean and renewable energy substitution effect on fossil fuels
, 258–266
growing rapidly
, 258–260
rich water resources
, 260–261
solar energy utilization
, 263–264
status and potential of biomass energy development
, 264–266
Climate change
challenges brought by global
, 418
on China’s energy security policy
, 405–406
Climate protection and China’s energy security
, 412–413
Coal
, 1–2, 421
based fossil energy
, 340
coal-based fossil energy consumption
, 418–419
and electricity shortage
, 309
emission index of unit energy consumption
, 393–394
emission intensity
, 393–394
supply shortage
, 308
Coal reserve
of China
, 230–233
recommendations on coal reserve strategy
, 232–233
status of China’s coal reserves
, 230–231
of United States
, 2
Coal trade and transportation risk analysis
, 182–184
history and current situation of China's coal trade
, 181–182
price risk
, 182–183
supply risk of import source
, 183–184
Coal-bed methane (CBM)
, 422–423
Columbia-America Agreement
, 64–65
Combustion emission
, 361
Commodity Futures Trading Modernization Law
, 129
Comprehensive evaluation index system
, 390–392
comprehensive evaluation mode of energy security
, 392
of energy security
, 390–392
energy supply security evaluation indicator system
, 390–391
energy use security evaluation index system
, 391–392
Conventional financial price indexes
, 111
Cost function of China’s strategic oil reserves
, 212
Council of European Union (2009)
, 309
CPI
, 319–320
crude oil supply shortage impact on
, 313–314
Credit support
, 268
Crossing Caspian Sea Natural Gas Pipeline
, 59
Crude oil
, 3, 22–23
emergency strategic reserve management rules
, 389
production
, 301
Crude oil imports
, 173–175
diversification index
, 171, 172
Crude oil supply shortage
on China’s social economy
, 311–317
scenario setting
, 310–311
“Cultural Revolution” period
, 29
Customer
module
, 330
storage fluctuation index
, 333
storage index
, 333
Daqing oilfield
, 143–144
Darfur Issue
, 73–74
Data sources and processing
, 93–94, 103
Decentralized power generation system
, 255–256
Decision-making method
, 392
Democratic reconstruction of Middle East
, 60
Development Plan of Beijing Gas Station Industry (2009–2015)
, 330–331
Dispersed oil import risk
, 381–382
Diversification
, 159–160
America actively repelled strategy
, 381–382
China implemented diversified energy import policy
, 382–383
diplomacy and cooperation of energy
, 387–388
for energy import trading and dispersing energy import risk
, 381–383
energy transport corridors
, 425–426
EU drastically reformed energy market
, 382
evaluation index of
, 391
factors threatening energy security, challenge of
, 416–417
national energy security management institutions
, 388–389
of natural gas reserve patterns
, 227
oil import channels
, 382
specific risks and diversification of China’s oil imports
, 162
Diversification index
change of refined oil imports
, 160–161
changes of China’s crude oil imports
, 161–162
of China’s crude oil imports
, 171, 172
of US crude oil imports
, 171–172
Domestic macro-economic policy
, 378
Domestic natural gas
, 421–422
Dose-response relationships
, 344, 346, 352, 361
coefficient
, 362
Dual-track price system
, 121
Dynamic conditional correlation coefficients (DCC)
, 118
Dynamic planning model of strategic oil reserve strategy
, 210–216, 211–213
data sources and pretreatment
, 213–214
scenario setting
, 214–216
setting for main parameter in
, 213
variable description of
, 212
Economic crisis
, 215
impact on oil prices
, 216–217
optimal reserve strategy for addressing
, 219–220
Economic development
, 299, 302–304
Economic evaluation of public health effect
, 352–371
Economic growth curves
, 303
Economic indexes
, 420, 424
Economic loss evaluation
of energy marginal health impact
, 369
of sectors marginal health impact
, 367–369
Economic loss of urban air pollutant
, 345–352
Education level influence on traditional biomass energy consumption
, 284–285
Egypt-Syria allied forces
, 50
Electricity service
, 294–295
Electricity shortage
, 408–409, 415–416
Electricity supply shortage
, 308
Electrothermal production
department
, 367–368
sector
, 367
11th Five-Year Plan
, 185, 235–236, 263, 266, 419, 420
Emergency plan
pulled down efficiency of dealing with energy emergencies
, 309–310
of refined oil supply shortage
, 325–335
Empirical test
, 118
Employment
, 320–322
crude oil supply shortage impact
, 314, 315
Endogenous variables
, 131–132
Energy
aerification
, 18
cooperation
, 387–388
corridor
, 75–76
crisis
, 299
demand of China
, 415
diversification index
, 393–394
efficiency
, 380
endowment
, 398–399
energy-consuming enterprises
, 307
energy-saving and emission reduction policy
, 412
financialization
, 83–84
flow map of China
, 30–33
import diversification
, 431
import diversity index
, 393–394
independence
, 377–378
intensity
, 235, 393–394
investment
, 431–432
ladder theory
, 277
marginal health impact
, 369
marketing reform
, 427–428
policy in Japan
, 378
preferential policy
, 380–381
price fluctuation
, 393–394
production security index
, 393–394
project development
, 63
saving products and technology
, 381
supply sustainability
, 409–410
sustainability
, 408
use efficiency and reduced energy consumption
, 379–380
Energy Act
, 269–270
Energy Balance Tables
, 239
“Energy card”, Russia in playing
, 54–55
“Energy conservation and emission reduction” policy
, 410
Energy Conservation Communiqué
, 239
Energy consumption
, 271, 339, 408, 409
change characteristics
, 27–28
characteristics in China
, 27–33
in construction industry
, 245
economic assessment of urban air pollution and public health effect
, 343–352
economic evaluation of public health effect to sector pollutant emission
, 352–371
energy flow map of China
, 30–33
environment and public health
, 339–343
share
, 235
share analysis
, 237–238
structure
, 377
structure change characteristics
, 28–30
sulfur dioxide emissions
, 37
Energy consumption structure optimization
, 384–387
Energy development index (EDI)
, 292
in developing countries
, 291–292
Energy Development Strategy (2050)
, 386
Energy diplomacy
, 69–77
in Africa
, 73–74
in Asia-Pacific
, 75–77
in Latin America
, 74–75
in Middle East
, 72–73
overseas upstream oil and gas assets rights and interests output
, 71
proportions of China’s overseas investment projects
, 70
in Russia in Central Asia
, 70–72
Energy emergency laws and regulations
, 388–390
diversified national energy security management institutions
, 388–389
significant gap
, 389–390
Energy Environment Meeting
, 381
Energy geopolitics, paying attention to
, 387–388
actively developing energy cooperation
, 387
China implementing strategy of “going out”
, 388
Japanese government actively developed energy diplomacy
, 387–388
Energy Information Agency (EIA)
, 213–214
Energy Policy and Reserve Method
, 52
Energy poverty
, 271
in rural residents rely on traditional biomass energy
, 273–274
regional energy poverty assessment in China
, 291–297
relationship between energy poverty and energy use security
, 271–280
relationship between improvement of family economic conditions
, 277–280
research on major influencing factors
, 280–291
energy poverty and international status thereof
, 271–273
traditional biomass energy consumption
, 280–281
China’s current situation
, 273–280
population index
, 281–282
income level
, 282–284
education level
, 284–285
resource index
, 285
rural regions in northeast and west China
, 274–275
method introduction
, 286–287
in low educational level
, 275
model results and analysis
, 287–291
energy poverty leads to serious health loss
, 276–277
Energy Poverty Index (EPI)
, 293
index construction
, 292–293
provinces in China
, 292–295
result analysis
, 293–295
Energy reserve
, 309
energy reserve-production ratio
, 393–394, 400–401
ratio
, 393–394, 397–398
system
, 426–427
Energy reserve strategy
optimal release strategy of strategic oil reserves
, 210–226
status and characteristics of global energy reserves
, 193–200
supplement time and supplement strategies
, 200–210
“Energy Saving and Emission Reduction” policy
, 380
Energy Saving Law
, 379
Energy security
, 39–40, 299, 377, 390–392, 416
carbon dioxide emissions
, 38
casualty number of mine security accidents and mortality
, 37
chronology of major events
, 35–36
connotation and evolution
, 40–42
diversification strategy for energy import trading
, 381–383
early-warning system establishment
efficient energy security management institution
, 388–390
energy importing countries
, 383–384
energy technology investment
, 379–381
evaluation index
, 393–394
history in China
, 34–36
interpretation and understanding
, 39–42
optimizing energy consumption structure
, 384–387
paying attention to energy geopolitics
, 387–388
policies of typical countries
, 377–390
problem
, 415
Energy security in China
, 120–142, 404–414, 425–429
challenges brought by global climate change
, 418
climate change on China’s energy security policy
, 405–406
climate protection and
, 412–413
control and protect environment, challenges to
, 418–419
control total energy consumption, challenges to
, 419–421
countermeasures and suggestions for safeguarding
, 430–432
data sources and pretreatment
, 406–407, 408
diversified factors threatening energy security, challenges of
, 416–417
diversify energy transport corridors and declining transportation risk
, 425–426
energy import keeps growing and dependence on foreign energy intensifies
, 425
energy reserve system
, 426–427
energy security early-warning system establishment
, 432
optimizing industrial structure and realizing low-carbon development path
, 430–431
optimizing storage & transportation-marketing-cooperation system
, 430
outlook of China’s energy supply and demand
, 421–424
population under energy poverty
, 428–429
protecting energy supply security
, 432
rapid energy consumption growth, challenges of
, 415–416
realizing diversification of energy import
, 431
realizing industrialization of renewable energy
, 431
reducing risk of import transportation
, 431
reform of energy marketing and gradually optimized price system
, 427–428
strengthen planning and macro-control and meet demand
, 431–432
transformation from single security to multiple security, challenges of
, 417–418
Energy self-sufficiency
, 393–394
rate
, 407
ratio
, 397–398
Energy supply
and demand changes
, 309
risk
, 382–383
Energy supply and demand in China
, 421–424
growth rate of energy demand falls back
, 421–422
implementing total quantity control policies
, 422–423
proportion of coal consumption decreases
, 422
Energy supply security
, 200, 253, 392–404
evaluation indicator system
, 390–391
global financial crisis (2008)
, 403–404
index
, 398–399
protection
, 432
Energy supply security index
, 407–410
Chinese energy supply security system
, 401–402
developing countries’ energy supply security system
, 400–401
energy-saving and emission reduction policy
, 412
fell to low level from (2003–2005)
, 411
grew fast from (2006–2009)
, 411–412
index reduced slowly from (2006–2009)
, 409–410
Indian energy supply security system
, 402–403
Japan energy supply security system
, 399–400
reducing rapidly from (2002–2005)
, 408–409
restricted by energy endowment
, 398–399
rose in fluctuations
, 410–412
rose rapidly from (1996–2001)
, 408
system of developed countries
, 396–398
Energy supply shortage in China
, 308–310
imperfect energy supply precautions
, 309–310
insufficient energy strategic reserve
, 309
natural disasters “blasting fuse” of energy supply shortage
, 308–309
typical events of energy supply shortage
, 306–308
Energy technology investment
energy preferential policy
, 380–381
energy use efficiency and reduced energy consumption
, 379–380
Energy use security
evaluation index system
, 391–392
relationship between energy poverty and
, 271–280
“Energy-saving and emission reduction” policy
, 405, 414
Energy-saving technology
, 379
Enron Loophole
, 129
Enterprises
, 229–230
Environment and public health
, 339–343
impact on environment of energy consumption
, 339–341
public health effect caused by regional pollution and industrial emission
, 342–343
research on public health effect caused by environmental pollution
, 341–342
Environmental health effect
, 344–352, 354–355
Environmental pollution
, 340
research on public health effect
, 341–342
Environmental Protection Department
, 339–340, 345
Environmental protection index of energy consumption
, 392
European Auxiliary Energy Project
, 381
European debt crisis
, 10–11, 303
European energy market integration
, 378
European Union (EU)
drastically reformed energy market
, 382
energy strategy (2020)
, 386
EU Commission
, 383–384
internal energy markets
, 382
Evaluation index
of diversity
, 391
of energy security and description
, 395
of reliability
, 391
stability
, 391
of sustainability
, 391
Ex-factory price index of industrial products
, 106–107
Exchange Agreements
, 196–197
Exogenous variables
, 131–132
Expected return of investment portfolio of oil import
, 157
Exploitation of petroleum and natural gas (EPN)
, 100–101
Exposure
efficiency
, 356–357
factor
, 356–357
Exxon
, 48–49, 50–51
Farm Act
, 129
Federal Strategic Oil Reserve
, 199
Feedback model
, 326, 327
Financial
crisis
, 13
tax means
, 431
Fine particles (PM2.5)
, 343
Fixed-line tariff policies
, 267–268
Flow model of refined oil retail supply stock
, 327–330
Food and Agriculture price
, 314
Food crops
, 125
Forest Law
, 291–292
Fossil energy
, 253, 415–416
consumption
, 339, 341, 405, 413–414
See also Global fossil energy reserves
Fossil energy security in China
, 258–259
Fossil fuels
, 253
China’s clean and renewable energy substitution effect on
, 258–266
substitution effect of world clean and renewable energy on
, 253–258
Fourth Middle East War
, 86–87
Fragile energy supply system in China
, 308
Free on board (FOB)
, 81
Freight transport (Frei transport)
, 101–108
Fuel ethanol
, 265
Fukushima nuclear accident
, 13–16
global nuclear power generation and proportion
, 15
proportions of nuclear power in primary energy
, 15
Future oil prices
, 128
Gansu Province
, 294–295
GARCH model
, 114
Gas field reserves
, 227, 228
Gas station
fluctuation index
, 333
module
, 328–329
oil shortage index
, 333
Gasoline futures transaction
, 84
GDP
, 351–352
per capita
, 283
General Administration of Customs of China (GACC)
, 26
Generalized energy security
, 417
Geopolitical pattern of major oil producing regions
, 57–67
in Africa
, 62–64
Asia-Pacific
, 65–67
China’s oil production, consumption and net import volume
, 68
in Latin America
, 64–65
Middle East
, 59–62
Russia in Central Asia
, 57–59
German energy supply security
, 398–399
Gini Coefficient
, 235, 237–238, 241–245
Global economic crisis
, 300, 306
Global economy
, 415
Global energy
characteristics and strategies of strategic oil reserves in United States
, 195–200
consumption
, 392–394
global oil trade, characteristics of
, 22–24
history and status
, 193–195
model
, 405–406
reserves
, 193–200
supply
, 392–394
trade
, 22–27
World coal trade, characteristics of
, 26–27
World natural gas trade, characteristics of
, 24–25
Global financial crisis
, 397–398, 401, 403–404
Global fossil energy reserves
, 1–5
global primary energy consumption and growth rate
, 6
global proved natural gas reserves
, 4
global proved oil reserves
, 3
proportions of World’s top 10 countries of natural gas reserves
, 5
proved crude oil reserves in different regions
, 3
proved natural gas reserves in different regions
, 5
World’s top 10 countries of oil reserves and annual growth rate
, 4
Global macro-economy
, 301–306
Global oil trade
characteristics of
, 22–24
China’s crude oil importing sources and shares
, 24
oil-importing countries or regions and trade shares
, 24
shares of accustomed oil-importing countries
, 23–24
World’s largest oil export region
, 22–23
Global primary energy consumption
, 5–7
changes in proportions of energy consumption
, 8
global GDP growth rate and energy consumption growth rate
, 7
Global renewable energy production and consumption
, 7–10
global renewable energy consumption and growth
, 10
global renewable energy installed capacity or throughput
, 8
proportions of World’s major biofuel-producing countries
, 9
Global Terrorism Database (GTD)
, 97
Gold price
, 111
Gradually falling oil price, stage of
, 88–89
Great Leap Forward Period
, 27, 29
Greenhouse gas
, 405, 418
Ground source heat pump
, 256–257
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
, 111–112
Gulf Crisis (1990–1991)
, 301
Gulf of Aden and Somali waters
, 154
Gulf War
, 215–216, 220
Handshake diplomacy
, 64–65
Health effect
and economic loss
, 361–362
evaluation of sector emission
, 363–366
index
, 344
See also Social economic effects
Heating oil
, 84
Hedge funds
, 116
Hedgers
, 118–119
High resource availability
, 289–291
High-emission sectors
, 368–369
High-energy-consumption
, 368–369
Hirschman-Herfindahl-Agiobenebo index (HHA index)
, 160
Household welfare
, 314–315, 316, 322
Human Development Index
, 292
Hurricane Katrina (2005)
, 198, 214–215
Hydropower
, 258–259, 422
Imperfect energy supply precautions
, 309–310
Import price risk of crude and refined oil
, 163–164
Impulse response
analysis
, 104–107
analysis of road transport industry shock
, 107
of ex-factory price index of industrial products to oil price
, 106
of industry investment to oil price
, 105
of profit in each industry to oil price
, 105
Impulse response function (IRF)
, 93
Income level influence on traditional biomass energy consumption
, 282–284, 287–289
India-Africa Summit
, 63
India-African Economic and Trade Cooperation Meeting
, 63
Indian energy supply security system
, 402–403
Indian fossil energy reserve-production
, 402–403
Indian Ocean route for China’s maritime
, 147
Indonesian coal
, 184
Indoor air pollution
, 276
Industrial(ization)
, 306
emission
, 342–343
process emissions
, 350, 357, 363
of renewable energy
, 431
revolution
, 418
Industry (INDU)
, 100–101
pollutant emission
, 342–343
Inhalable particles (PM10)
, 343, 350, 365–366
Intake fraction (iF)
, 356–357
analysis method
, 342–343
concept and correction
, 356–357, 358
International communication expansion
, 378
International community
, 300
International Country Risk Guide index (ICRG index)
, 91–92, 93
International crude oil price
, 317–324
on China’s social economy
, 318–324
scenario setting of the increase in
, 318
International crude oil price, impact of increase in
, 318–324
on CPI
, 319–320
on employment
, 320–322
on household welfare
, 322
on macro-economic development
, 318–319
on sectors production
, 322–324
International Energy Agency (IEA)
, 11, 51–52, 88, 193–194, 195, 198, 200, 214–215, 271–272, 300, 377, 387, 428–429
regulatory role
, 302
International Energy Agency Agreement
, 51–52
International energy geopolitics
, 415
International Energy Planning Agreement (1974)
, 193–194
International grain prices
, 125–126
International Maritime Bureau (IMB)
, 150
International oil exchange (IPE)
, 84
International oil market fluctuation on economy
, 387
International oil prices
, 93–94, 100
economic crisis impact on oil prices
, 216–217
emergencies impact on
, 217
local armed conflict impact on oil prices
, 217–218
sudden natural disaster impact on oil prices
, 216
supplement impact and release of china’s strategic oil reserves on
, 221–222
“Interval benchmark”
, 292–293
Investment (Inv)
, 101–108
portfolio model
, 157–158
portfolio risk of oil import
, 158
risk
, 112
subsidies
, 268–269
Iran-Iraq War
, 87–88, 301
Iran’s oil production
, 300
Iranian nuclear crisis in Middle East
, 1
Iranian Revolution
, 87–88
Iraq Oil Company (IPC)
, 82–83
Japan
energy supply security system
, 399–400
natural gas reserves
, 227
Japanese
energy emergency agency
, 388–389
government developing energy diplomacy
, 387–388
Jasmine Revolution in North Africa
, 1
Kyoto Protocol
, 418
Latin America
China’s energy diplomacy in
, 74–75
geopolitical pattern in
, 64–65
Law of Lowest Liquid Fuel Reserve
, 383
Linkage effect
, 91
Liquid bio-fuel
, 257
Liquidity, excessive
, 116
LNG
, 186
reserves
, 226, 228
trade and transportation status and risk in China
, 188–190
See also Natural gas
Local armed conflict
, 215–216
impact on oil prices
, 217–218
optimal reserve strategies for
, 220–221
Local sales company module
, 328
Lord’s Resistance Army
, 73–74
Low oil price, period of
, 85–86
Macro-economy
, 108–110
crude oil supply shortage impact on
, 311–313
development
, 318–319
Malacca Strait
, 144–147, 151
Mandab Strait
, 147–148
Manufacturing of chemical raw materials and chemical products (MRCM)
, 100–101
Manufacturing of non-metallic minerals (MNM)
, 100–101
Marginal damage of energy
, 370
Market
market-oriented reform
, 121
shares of OPEC
, 89
Mediterranean Sea
, 59–60
Methane
, 274–275
Middle East
China’s energy diplomacy in
, 72–73
geopolitical pattern of
, 59–62
Middle Indian Ocean route
, 147
Mobil
, 48–49, 50–51
Modern technology utilization
, 253
“Monroe Doctrine” foreign policy
, 45–46
National Coal Emergency Reserve Program
, 230
National emergency sharing organization
, 388
National energy security
China’s energy security against background of climate change
, 404–414
comprehensive evaluation index system and method
, 390–392
energy supply security in typical countries
, 392–404
policies of typical countries
, 377–390
National Liquid Fuel Agency
, 383
National security strategy
, 377–378
National strategic oil reserves
, 193, 200
Natural disasters “blasting fuse” of energy supply shortage
, 308–309
Natural gas
, 421–422
consumption proportion
, 20
production
, 408–409
reserve of China
, 226–230
reserve patterns and characteristics
, 226–228
status and strategy of
, 228–230
supply and demand in China
, 185
supply security
, 425
Natural Gas Reserve Law
, 227–228
Natural gas trade and transportation risk in China
, 186–190
analysis on current situation of natural gas supply and demand
, 185
analysis on LNG trade and transportation status and risk
, 188–190
analysis on pipeline gas trade and transportation status and risks
, 186–188
Near East Development Company
, 45–46
Neocolonialism
, 73
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
, 343
Non OPEC, oil output of
, 88
Non-combustion emission
, 357
Non-commercial energy
, 293–294
Non-fossil fuels
, 253–254, 255–256
Non-metallic mineral products industry
, 106
Non-OECD
, 7
Non-solid energy
, 274–275
North Indian Ocean route
, 147
Nuclear energy
, 88–89, 384–385
consumption
, 20–21
See also Renewable energy
Nuclear power in China
, 261
Nuclear power plant operation extension plan
, 16
“Nuclear Reduction” project
, 385
NYMEX
, 84, 118
October War, The. See Fourth Middle East War
Oil
America seeking for oil hegemony
, 53–54
consumption proportion
, 20
demand shocks
, 95
diffusion market diversification strategy
, 52
embargo
, 50–51, 193–194
establishment of oil dollar system
, 86
exploration and development
, 115
industry
, 104
oil-gas field
, 380–381
output of non OPEC
, 88
shortage
, 224, 225, 309, 325–326, 332–333, 408–409, 415–416
stocks development
, 194–195
technology transfer commission
, 380–381
weapon
, 56–57
Oil and Oil Product Reserve Law
, 383–384
Oil Community Law
, 382
Oil crisis
, 210, 253, 378
contrast of previous global oil supply shortage
, 301
on economic development
, 302–304
on global macro-economy
, 301–306
on social inflation
, 304–305
on US social employment
, 305–306
Oil finance development and risk analysis
, 113–120
oil future market speculation and price fluctuation
, 117–120
potential risks of investment in energy industry entities
, 116–117
rising fluctuation of oil price and increasing uncertainty
, 116
risk of financial system
, 117
risks
, 116–117
significance
, 113–116
Oil futures market
, 115
speculation and price fluctuation
, 117–120
Oil import in China
channels
, 382
comparison on specific risk of crude oil and refined
, 159–162
comparison on system risk
, 163–167
data sources
, 158–159
differences between crude oil and refined oil trades
, 154–157
diversification
, 381–382
diversification index of crude oil and refined
, 159
investment portfolio model
, 157–158
risk assessment model of investment portfolio
, 157–159
Oil price system
, 79–84
biodiesel production trend
, 125
Brent oil prices’ responses to political risk shocks
, 97
and China’s energy security
, 120–142
comprehensive ranking of oil companies
, 123
contract price of WTI futures
, 90
contradictions between energy security and food security
, 122–127
contributions of OPEC’s political risk shocks
, 96
data sources and processing
, 93–94
dummy variables in vector autoregression models
, 96
estimated results of SVAR
, 94–99
evolution
, 80–84, 120–121
fluctuation characteristics
, 84–90
formation
, 79–80
future oil price trend
, 127–129
industrial levels
, 100–108
macro-economy
, 108–110
main influencing factors of oil price fluctuation
, 90–99
impact of oil price fluctuation on economy and finance
, 99–113
oil prices and global economy recession
, 109
oil supply side
, 113
pricing mechanism and oil security
, 121–122
ranking of largest oil companies
, 124
raw materials for producing bio-fuels
, 125, 126
responses of Brent oil prices
, 95
results analysis
, 136–142
scenario and data
, 136
and SPR
, 131–142
stock market
, 111–113
SVAR model
, 92–93
total consumption quantity of oils
, 101
See also International oil prices
Oil Reserve Law
, 383
Oil supply
and demand
, 301–302
risk of oil supply disruption
, 148–149
shortage
, 310–317
“Open Door Policy” flag
, 45–46
Optimal strategy of strategic oil reserves in China
, 218–221, 223
for addressing economic crisis
, 219–220
dealing with sudden natural disasters
, 218–219
for local armed conflict
, 220–221
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
, 7, 51–52
Organization of Oil Exporting Countries (OPEC)
, 80, 300
age of
, 82–83
market shares
, 89
net oil export revenues
, 114
spare capacity
, 89
Organization of the Arab Oil Exporting Countries (OAPEC)
, 86–87
Panama Canal
, 144–147
Panel data
, 286–287
Per capita commercial energy consumption index
, 293–294
Per capita electricity consumption
, 293
Per capita energy consumption
, 393–394, 404
Persian Gulf War
, 401
Petrocaribe Oil Plan
, 64
Petrochemical Adjustment and Revitalization Plan
, 224–225
Petroleo De Venezuela S. A (PDVSA)
, 122
Phillips–Perron test (PP test)
, 94–99
Pirate attacks
, 150–151
Plunging oil price, periods of
, 90
Policy incentives
, 266–268
“Political deadlock”
, 377–378
Political power
, 65–66
Political risk index, sub-components of
, 93, 94
Pollutant emission
, 357
Population
under energy poverty
, 428–429
index
, 281–282
Population size, as major influencing factors of traditional biomass energy consumption
, 287
Power rationing
, 415–416
Price/pricing
discovery function of market
, 115
gradually optimized price system
, 427–428
mechanism of China’s crude oil and refined oil
, 176–177
risk in coal trade and transportation
, 182–183
security
, 130–131
Primary energy consumption
in China
, 343
structure
, 21–22
Processing and coking of oil and processing of nuclear fuel (PP)
, 100–101
Product subsidies
, 269
Production capacity reserve
, 232
Profits of enterprises (Pro)
, 101–108
Provincial energy consumptions
, 236–237
Provincial energy–economic developments in China
, 235
Provincial sectors for energy conservation in China
China’s provincial assignment of energy intensity
, 236
data descriptions
, 238–240
energy consumption in construction industry
, 245
key (i, j) for energy conservation in industrial sectors
, 240–245
key (i, j) for energy conservation in tertiary industry
, 246
key province for energy conservation in agriculture sector
, 240
rural and urban residential energy consumption
, 246–249
sector full names and codes
, 251–252
Provincial Statistical Yearbooks
, 239
Public health
caused by environmental pollution
, 341–342
caused by regional pollution and industrial emission
, 342–343
economic assessment of urban air pollution and
, 343–352
economic evaluation of public health effect to sector pollutant emission
, 352–371
effects
, 352
of energy consumption
, 339–343
Qinhuangdao port
, 307
Quantitative model research
, 111
Quick rise of oil price, period of
, 86–88
Ramadan War. See Fourth Middle East War
Rapid energy consumption growth, challenge of
, 415–416
Real pan-European integrated energy market
, 382
Red Line Agreement
signing of
, 46–47
tear-up of
, 48–49
Red Sea
, 59–60
Refined oil price formation mechanism
, 177
Refined oil pricing
, 177, 322
Refined oil reserve of China
, 222–226
necessity of refined oil reserves
, 222–224
status of China’s refined oil reserves and reserve strategies
, 224–226
See also Strategic oil reserves in China
Refined oil retail supply stock
, 326
customer module
, 330
flow model of
, 327–330
gas station module
, 328–329
local sales company module
, 328
Refined oil supply shortage
effects
, 331–335
emergency plan of
, 325–335
index setting
, 331, 333, 335
model setting
, 330–331
parameter setting
, 330–331
refined oil supply system in China
, 326–330
scenario setting
, 331, 332
Refined oil supply system in China
, 326–330
causal relationship between refined oil retail and supply
, 326
flow model of refined oil retail supply stock
, 327–330
process
, 326
Regional energy poverty assessment in China
, 291–297
China’s energy consumption security
, 297
EDI in developing countries
, 291–292
EPI of provinces in China
, 292–295
research of China’s energy poverty problem
, 297–298
Regional pollution
, 342–343
Reliability, evaluation index of
, 391
Renewable electricity
, 384
Renewable energy
, 254–256, 258
development goals in major countries
, 267
power generation policies
, 266–267
production
, 384
realizing industrialization of
, 431
resources
, 259, 399–400
See also Nuclear energy
Renewable Energy Generation Quota System policy (RPS policy)
, 268
Renewable Energy Law (2005)
, 386–387
Renewable energy resources in China
Resource
index
, 285
reserve
, 232
Respiratory diseases
, 276–277
Risk
assessment model of investment portfolio of oil import
, 157–159
aversion function of market
, 115
of investment portfolio in oil imports
, 165–166
of marine transportation of crude oil imports
, 166–167
of oil supply disruption
, 148–149
spillover test
, 116
Road transportation industry
, 107
Rural household welfare
, 322
Rural residential energy consumption
, 246–249
Russia
, 187–188
China’s energy diplomacy in
, 70–72
geopolitical pattern of
, 57–59
natural gas reserves
, 226–227
in playing “energy card”
, 54–55
Russia-China oil pipeline plan
, 387–388
Ryukyu Islands, water channels of
, 144–147
S&P 500
, 111
Schwarz Information criterion (SC)
, 92–93
SD-SPRC model
, 131–136
flow diagram
, 132
system boundary analysis
, 131
variables
, 133
Second National Economic Census (SNEC)
, 239
Second world oil crisis (1979–1980)
, 194
Sector pollutant emission
, 352–371
energy marginal health impact, economic loss evaluation of
, 369
sectors marginal health impact, economic loss evaluation of
, 367–369
health effects and economic loss evaluation of sector emission
, 363–366
urban dwellers’ environment health economic loss
, 354–356
concept and correction of intake fraction
, 356–357
evaluation and data processing
, 357–361
evaluation method of health effect and economic loss
, 361–362
scenario analysis
, 369–371
Sectors marginal health impact, economic loss evaluation of
, 367–369
Sectors production
, 315–317, 322–324
Self-sufficient rate
, 378
“Seven Sisters”, age of
, 80–82
Shaanxi-Beijing pipeline gas distribution system
, 229
Shale gas overturns global natural gas structure
, 16–18
Shandong Province
, 231
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)
, 71
Share of clean renewable energy
, 393–394
Share of terminal energy consumption electricity
, 393–394
Short-term oil prices
, 128–129
Shuttle diplomacy
, 73–74
Single natural gas reserve management model
, 227–228
Sino-Central Asia
natural gas pipeline
, 153
oil and gas pipeline
, 72
Sino-Kazakhstan oil pipeline
, 71, 151–152
Sino-Myanmar oil and gas pipeline
, 152–153
Sino-Parkistan oil pipeline
, 153–154
Sino-US crude oil import risks
“buying when price rises and not buying when price drops” phenomenon
, 175–179
China’s crude oil imports
, 173–175
comparative analysis on
, 179–181
comparison on Sino-US crude oil import strategies
, 179
differences in diversification of Sino-US crude oil imports
, 171–172
differences in Sino-US crude oil import transportation risk
, 170–171
differences in strategy of Sino-US crude oil imports
, 173–179
differences of Sino-US crude oil import sources
, 169–170
status and external dependence
, 168–169
Sino-Uzbekistan Natural Gas Pipeline Construction Agreement
, 153
Sinopec
, 224–225
“Small step walk” strategy
, 72
Soaring oil price, period of
, 89–90
Social economic effects
on China’s social economy
, 318–324
crude oil supply shortage on China’s social economy
, 311–317
international crude oil price
, 317–324
of oil supply shortage
, 310–317
scenario setting of crude oil supply shortage
, 310–311, 318
Social economy in China
, 310–317
impact of increasing international crude oil price
, 318–324
Social inflation
, 304–305
Solar energy
, 258–259
utilization in China
, 263–264
Solar photovoltaic power generation system
, 257–258, 268–269
Solar thermal utilization
, 256–257
South China Sea dispute
, 76–77
South Indian Ocean route
, 147
South Oil Company
, 64
Speculation of hedge funds
, 118
“Spillover effect” of oil price
, 114
Spot reserves
, 233
Stability, evaluation index
, 391
Stable oil price, period of
, 85–86
Stackelberg model of US strategic oil reserve
, 210–211
Statistical survey system
, 103
Stochastic dynamic planning model
, 211
Stock
market
, 111–113
price
, 111
Storage & transportation-marketing-cooperation system optimization
, 430
Strait of Hormuz
, 147–148
Strategic oil reserves in China
best supplement time and supplement strategies
, 200–210
dynamic planning model of strategic oil reserve strategy
, 210–216
emergencies impact on international oil prices
, 216–218
optimal release strategy under unexpected incidents
, 210–226
optimal strategy
, 218–221
optimal supplement time and strategy of
, 205–210
planning model for uncertain dynamics
, 201–205
planning on strategic oil reserve of China
, 200–201
strategy on refined oil reserve
, 222–226
supplement impact and release
, 221–222
supplementary
, 203–205
Strategic oil reserves in United States
, 195–200
and energy source diversification
, 51–53
major releases of US strategic oil reserves
, 196–198
opportunities for supplement and strategies of
, 199–200
Strategic petroleum reserve (SPR)
, 131–142
Strategic reserve system
, 399–400
Structural breaks
, 92–93, 96
Structural Vector Autoregression model (SVAR model)
, 91–93
establishment
, 102
estimated results
, 94–99, 103, 104
Sudden natural disasters
, 214–215, 222
impact on oil prices
, 216
optimal reserve strategy for dealing with
, 218–219
Suez Canal
, 147–148
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
, 343, 359–360, 365–366
emission of unit energy consumption
, 393–394, 410–411
Sultan mode
, 63
Supply
and demand balance
, 221
security
, 390
Sustainability, evaluation index of
, 391
Sustainable development
, 339
System boundary analysis
, 131
Tax incentives
, 268
Technology
innovation encouragement
, 378
research investment and improving domestic production
, 380–381
Teisberg’s dynamic planning model
, 210–211
Thermal energy
, 256–257
Thermal isolation index
, 379
Total energy consumption
, 341
Total suspended particulates (TSP)
, 341, 343, 359–360
Traditional biomass energy
, 271–272, 274
consumption
, 280–281, 429
Transformation challenge from single security to multiple security
, 417–418
Transition of China’s energy role
, 67–69
oil exporting country to oil importing country
, 69
oil-poor country to oil exporting country
, 67–69
Transportation industry (TRAN industry)
, 100–101
Transportation risk analysis of main energy trade channel
, 151–154
analysis on main risk faced by marine transportation of oil
, 148–151
Chinese Navy
, 154
cross-border oil and gas import pipeline
, 151–154
pirate attacks
, 150–151
risk of oil supply disruption
, 148–149
routes of China’s oil and gas imports
, 145–146
sources of crude oil imports
, 149
transportation channel for energy trade
, 143–148
Turmoil in Middle East and North Africa
, 10–11
Uncertain dynamic planning model
, 201–205
basic assumptions of model
, 203–205
data sources
, 205
definition and description of variables
, 204
Unconventional natural gas
, 422–423
Underground gas storage
, 227, 228
Unified gas supply system
, 226–227
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (UNFAO)
, 125–126
Unobserved heterogeneity
, 112
Urban air pollution
, 343–352
Urban air pollution and public health effect economic assessment
environmental health effect and economic loss of urban air pollutant
, 345–352
evaluation method and data resource of environmental health effect
, 344–345
health effect and economic loss
, 354, 355
research background
, 343–344
scenario analysis
, 352
Urban dwellers’ environment health economic loss
, 354–356
Urban energy structure optimization
, 350
Urban residential energy consumption
, 246–249
Urbanization rate in China
, 357
US Commodity Futures Commission (CFTC)
, 118
US Department of Energy
, 178–179, 199
US Earth Policy Institute (EPI)
, 125
US Energy Information Agency (EIA)
, 93–94
US natural gas reserves
, 226
US social employment
, 305–306
US subprime crisis
, 303
User subsidies
, 269
Variance decomposition approach (VDA)
, 93, 108
Vector autoregressive model
, 111
See also Structural Vector Autoregression model (SVAR model)
Venezuela, energy diplomacy in
, 75
Vitol Energy Group
, 118–119
“Walking out” strategy
, 69
Water
channels of Ryukyu Islands
, 144–147
corridor
, 147–148
resources in China
, 260–261
Weather forecasting technology
, 308–309
Wind energy
, 258–259
Wind power in China
, 262–263
World coal trade
characteristics of
, 26–27
China
, 26–27
World Coal Exports
, 26
World Energy consumption structure
, 18–21
natural gas consumption proportion
, 20
nuclear energy consumption
, 20–21
oil consumption proportion
, 20
World Energy Council (WEC)
, 1–2
World energy crisis
, 299–306
historical review
, 300–301
impact of oil crisis on global macro-economy
, 301–306
World Energy Development
Fukushima nuclear accident
, 13–16
future World Energy Demand
, 11
global energy demand forecast
, 12
global financial crisis
, 12–13
global fossil energy reserves
, 1–5
global new investment for renewable energy
, 12, 13
global primary energy consumption
, 5–7
global renewable energy production and consumption
, 7–10
new trends in
, 11–22
primary energy consumption structure
, 21–22
renewable energy consumption proportions and development targets
, 14
review of
, 1–11
shale gas overturns global natural gas structure
, 16–18
turmoil in Middle East and North Africa and European debt crisis
, 10–11
World Energy consumption structure
, 18–21
World energy geopolitics development
, 45–53
America seeking for oil hegemony
, 53–54
Britain and America’s conquest in Middle East
, 45–50
confrontation between IEA and OPEC
, 50–53
EU and Japan in contradiction
, 55
geopolitical pattern of major oil producing regions
, 57–67
new pattern of energy geopolitics in world
, 53–57
OPEC suffering impact
, 56–57
rising emerging countries
, 55–56
Russia in playing “energy card”
, 54–55
transition of China’s energy role
, 67–69
World natural gas trade
characteristics of
, 24–25
constraints on transportation conditions
, 24–25
natural gas importers
, 25
See also Global oil trade
World Nuclear Association (WNA)
, 15
World oil market in future
, 127
World Oil Treasury
, 59–60
WTI Crude Oil Future Price Trend
, 10–11
Yom Kippur War. See Fourth Middle East War
Yunnan Province
, 284–285
- Prelims
- Chapter 1 Review of World Energy Situation and China’s Energy Security
- Chapter 2 World Energy Geopolitics Development and China’s Energy Diplomacy
- Chapter 3 Oil Price and Energy Security
- Chapter 4 Assessment of Energy Import and Transportation Risk of China
- Chapter 5 Research on China’s Energy Reserve Strategy
- Chapter 6 Key Provincial Sectors for Energy Conservation in China
- Chapter 7 Effects of Clean and Renewable Energy on National Energy Security
- Chapter 8 Energy Poverty and Energy Use Security
- Chapter 9 Energy Supply Crisis and Economic Security Research
- Chapter 10 Energy Consumption and Public Health in China
- Chapter 11 Comprehensive Evaluation of National Energy Security
- Chapter 12 Challenges and Outlook of China’s Energy Security
- References
- Index