Coopetition Strategy in the Context of Multilevel Governance: Evidence From UNESCO'S Global Creative Cities Policy

Abstract

Emerging debates in public policy emphasise sustainability and the role of the Creative Economy in advancing the UN's Sustainable Development Goals within UNESCO Creative Cities (UCC). However, research on ‘coopetition’ – a blend of cooperation and competition – remains sparse within these global networks. This study investigates coopetition under Multilevel Governance in UNESCO-designated tourist destinations, offering a comprehensive examination of its dynamics through a multidimensional, jurisdiction-spanning lens. We uncover disparities within Multilevel Governance structures using a qualitative methodology, including documentary and field research with non-participant observation and thematic content analysis. While cooperation strategies are intended to foster reciprocity among social actors and their organisations, competition prevails, resulting in conflicting goals. This study concludes that the UCC label while promoting coopetition, risks reducing these cities to mere ‘brands’, challenging their legitimacy. This study underscores the complexity of integrating coopetition within UCC governance and its implications for their identity and sustainability objectives.

Citation

Emmendoerfer, M. and Mediotte, E. (2024), "Coopetition Strategy in the Context of Multilevel Governance: Evidence From UNESCO'S Global Creative Cities Policy", Chim-Miki, A.F. and Augusto da Costa, R. (Ed.) Value Proposition to Tourism Coopetition (Building the Future of Tourism), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 57-68. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83797-827-420241005