Prelims

Half Title Page

Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Title Page

Sustainable Agricultural Practices: Economic and Environmental Implications

Edited By

Ramesh Chandra Das

Vidyasagar University, India

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

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Emerald Publishing Limited

Emerald Publishing, Floor 5, Northspring, 21-23 Wellington Street, Leeds LS1 4DL.

First edition 2025

Editorial matter and selection © 2025 Ramesh Chandra Das.

Individual chapters © 2025 The authors.

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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-83608-337-5 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-83608-336-8 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-83608-338-2 (Epub)

Dedication Page

In memory of my teacher

Professor Rabindranath Bhattacharya

Contents

List of Abbreviations

About the Editor

Ramesh Chandra Das, PhD, is presently a Professor and Head of the Department of Economics, Vidyasagar University, India, with 25 years of teaching and research experience. He has published more than 100 articles in reputed journals and edited books and more than 20 books on his credit. His research interests lie in applied macroeconomics, public economics and environmental economics.

About the Contributors

Ugochukwu D. Abasilim, PhD, is a Senior Lecturer of Public Administration at the Department of Political Science and international Relations, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria, with over a decade of experience. His expertise lies in educating students and conducting research in public administration, public personnel management, public service ethics and e-government.

Ebikabowei Biedomo Aduku, PhD, is now a Lecturer at the Department of Economics, University of Africa, Nigeria. Earlier, he was a Researcher at the Department of Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria. He has attended several national and international conferences. He has publications in books and journals of reputation.

Kishan Agarwalla is currently working as a Senior Research Fellow at the Department of Economics, University of North Bengal. He is also attached to the Department of Economics at the Indian Institute of Legal Studies, Siliguri, India, as Faculty. His areas of research interest includes resource economics, environmental economics, mathematical economics, statistics and international economics.

Md. Saifullah Akon is an Assistant Professor in Japanese Studies at the University of Dhaka. He obtained his Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in International Relations at the University of Dhaka. He has successfully participated in a short course winter programme at Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan in January 2019. His areas of interest include foreign policy, security, Japan–South Asia relations and disaster governance.

Mainak Bhattacharjee is presently an Assistant Professor in Economics at Loreto College, Kolkata, India. He has also worked in the same post in The Heritage College, Kolkata, India. He has obtained MPhil and MA in Economics, respectively, from the Jadavpur University. He has been working in the areas of macroeconomics and international trade. He has produced many research articles published in reputed journals.

Kiran Bhowmik is a Research Scholar at the Department of Economics pursuing PhD in Agricultural Economics. Earlier, he completed his post-graduation in Economics from Tripura University (A Central University).

Çağatay Çağlayan is currently pursuing the Master’s degree in Business Management at Istanbul Medipol University. His research interests include sustainable energy economics, renewable energy and nuclear energy.

Nilendu Chatterjee, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Economics, Bankim Sardar College, West Bengal, India. He has research interest in resource economics, general equilibrium and development economics. He has published a number of research articles in several international journals of economics including International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management, Economic Affairs and Foreign Trade Review.

Tonmoy Chatterjee, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Economics, Bhairab Ganguly College, West Bengal, India. He has research interest in International Trade Theory, General Equilibrium, Health Economics and Development Economics. He has published a number of research articles in several international journals of economics.

Obinna S. Chima holds PhD in Policy and Strategic Studies from the Department of Political Science and International Relations, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. He is also the Editor of THISDAY Newspaper, has authored extensive reports and has actively participated in meetings of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank. His research interests are food security, public policy and governance and economic and strategic studies.

Debraj Das is a Doctoral-level Research Scholar at the Department of Economics, West Bengal State University and Assistant Professor in Economics at Kabi Jagadram Roy Government General Degree College, West Bengal. His research interests lie in agricultural economics, social sector and development economics.

Subhrabaran Das, PhD, is presently serving at Tripura University (Central University) as Professor and Head, Department of Economics. Earlier, he served as an Assistant Professor at Assam University (Central University), Silchar and engaged in post-graduate teaching at Presidency College, Kolkata. He has done research work on different issues such as social sector issues, gender issues, industry and agricultural issues. He has published more than 30 research papers in different reputed journals and has 3 books in his credit.

Buddhadev De is a Doctoral-level Research Scholar at the Department of Economics, Vidyasagar University, India. His research interests lie in agricultural economics, economics of food waste and poverty, development economics, etc.

Moses M. Duruji, PhD, is a Professor of Political Science with 20 years of experience at the Department of Political Science and International Relations, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. His areas of specialisation include social movements, nationalism studies, ethnic nationalism, democracy studies and education.

Ujjal Protim Dutta, PhD, currently serves as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences at the National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam, India. Previously, he held the position of Assistant Professor in the Department of Economics at Rangia College, Assam. He earned his PhD from the National Institute of Technology Durgapur and holds a Master’s degree in Development Studies from the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati.

İrfan Ersin, PhD, is an Assistant Professor at Istanbul Medipol University, Turkey. He finished his Doctoral programme at Medeniyet University in 2022. His research interests are development economics, macroeconomics, inflation and employment.

Serkan Eti, PhD, is currently an Assistant Professor with İstanbul Medipol University, Turkey. He received PhD degree from Marmara University in 2016. His research interests include data mining, fuzzy logic and multi-criteria decision-making methods.

Daniel E. Gberevbie, PhD, is a Professor of Public Administration with 21 years of experience at the Department of Political Science and International Relations, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. His areas of specialisation are public administration, ethical issues, employee retention, e-governance and gender politics.

Subhabrata Ghosh, PhD, has been working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Botany, Mahadevananda Mahavidyalaya, Barrackpore, India for over eight years. He is actively involved in research in the area of Algal morpho-taxonomy and ecology. He has published over 20 research papers in reputed peer-reviewed journals.

Yaşar Gökalp, PhD, is an Assistant Professor at Istanbul Medipol University, Turkey. He finished his Doctoral programme at Istanbul Medipol University in 2022. His research interests are energy, health economics, health finance and multi-criteria decision-making techniques.

Md. Shihabul Hossain, a Senior Officer at BRAC, earned his Bachelor of Social Science in Development Studies from Khulna University and a Master’s in Disaster Management from the University of Dhaka. Leveraging his academic and professional background, he is devoted to working as a development professional in the environmental and humanitarian arena at national and international organizations.

Aliul Islam is a Research Scholar specializing in Economics at the National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam, India. He holds a Master’s degree in Economics from Guwahati University, Guwahati, Assam. His research interests primarily focus on financial markets, delving into how various economic forces shape and impact market dynamics.

Enrico Ivaldi is Associate Professor in Social Statistics, in the Faculty of Communication, at the Free University of Languages and Communication IULM, Milan branch. He holds a PhD in Applied Economics and Quantitative Methodologies from the University of Genoa. He is a member of the Editorial Board of International Journal of Transport Economics, Revista de Estudios Andaluces, Risk and Vulnerability, curriculum in Management and Security, University of Genoa. He is also a member of the Centro de Investigaciones en Econometría of the Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, and of the Pontificia Accademia Mariana Internazionale, Department of Integral Welfare, Vatican City. He is a member of several scientific societies, including the Italian Statistical Society and the Royal Statistical Society. His main areas of scientific interest are the analysis of social indicators, the study of deprivation and inequality, and smart and sustainable cities.

Sagnik Maity is a Doctoral Research Scholar (UGC-JRF) in the Department of Commerce, University of Calcutta. His research mainly revolves around the area of finance. He holds a keen interest in financial inclusion and financial technology. He has presented research papers in several national and international conferences and published articles and papers in various reputed journals.

Amit Majumder, PhD, is presently working as Associate Professor of Commerce and PG Coordinator of Bijoy Krishna Girls’ College, India. He is also a Visiting Faculty, Department of Commerce, University of Calcutta. He has authored three books from international publisher and contributed in 60 edited volumes, 50 nationally and internationally acclaimed peer-reviewed and referred journals. His areas of interest are strategic management, corporate governance, etc.

Debashis Mazumdar, PhD, is working as Professor of Economics at The Heritage College, Kolkata. He is also acting as Visiting Faculty in the Post-Graduate Department of Commerce at Nababullygunge Mahavidyalaya Kolkata and in the PG (Economics) Section of Indira Gandhi National Open University, Muralidhar Girls’ College Center, Kolkata. He has written a good number of text books on managerial economics and contributed articles in many national and international journals.

Md. Juel Mia is an Assistant Professor at the Institute of Disaster Management and Vulnerability Studies, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Prior to his career at the university, he served as a newsroom editor at Somoy News (a television channel in Bangladesh). He is the Founder and Chairperson of Disaster Perception, a volunteer platform. His research interests are disaster communication, environmental geography, geospatial analysis and disaster governance.

Debabrata Mukhopadhyay, PhD, is a Professor in the Department of Economics at the West Bengal State University, India. He has published a number of papers in scholarly national and international journals. He has obtained his PhD degree in Quantitative Economics from the Indian Statistical Institute in 2008.

Shamima Prodhan is an Assistant Professor at the Institute of Disaster Management and Vulnerability Studies, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Her research interests include urban disaster and management, water security, nature-based solutions and climate change adaptation. She has also authored several journal articles related to water security, river pollution, water intervention, COVID-19, salinity, adaptation strategies and many more.

Begum Sertyesilisik is Professor in the Faculty of Architecture at the Istanbul University, Türkiye. She has received her PhD degree from the Middle East Technical University, and her MSc, MBA and BSC degrees from the Istanbul Technical University. Her specialization areas include green marketing, sustainability, sustainable development and sustainable built environment.

Krishna Singh serves as an Assistant Professor of Economics at the University of Gour Banga, with a specialization in Econometrics and Statistics. He holds a PhD in Economics from Burdwan University. He has published more than 20 papers in various national and international journals of repute.

M. C. Omar C. Vargas-González is Professor and Head of the Department of Systems and Computing at the Technological National of Mexico Campus Ciudad Guzmán, México. His areas of research interest lie in business administration, entrepreneurial economics, computing in social science, arts and humanities and mathematics education.

José G. Vargas-Hernández, PhD, is presently a Research Professor, Tecnològico Nacional de Mèxico /ITSF. He has a long career in Administrative and Management Sciences having more than 200 articles published in different journals, books and reports.

Duygu Yavuz is a Master’s student at Istanbul University. She completed her Bachelor’s degree in Health Management (English) and double major in Economics and Finance (English). Her research areas are energy, finance, energy economy and sustainability.

Foreword

In the face of growing global challenges such as climate change, population growth and food insecurity, sustainable agricultural practices emerge not only as a choice but also as an imperative. The present book titled Sustainable Agricultural Practices: Economic and Environmental Implications stands as a beacon in the international landscape, offering profound insights into the intersection of economics, environment and agriculture. Moreover, the interdisciplinary nature of the contributions underscores the interconnectedness of economic, environmental and social dimensions in agriculture. By integrating perspectives from fields such as economics, environmental science and agriculture, this book fosters a holistic understanding of the challenges and opportunities facing agricultural sustainability.

In this meticulously curated anthology, scholars from diverse backgrounds and regions converge to dissect the many dimensions of sustainable agriculture. Divided into two sections, the book navigates through the economic and environmental implications of agricultural practices, providing a comprehensive understanding of the contemporary agricultural landscape.

The first section, ‘Economic Implications of Agricultural Practices in Countries and Groups’, delves into the economic complexities that characterize agricultural systems around the world. From examining productivity changes in cereal crops in BIMSTEC countries to examining the role of institutional credit in the development of India’s agricultural sector, each chapter offers a nuanced perspective on the economic forces driving agricultural dynamics. In addition, the section illustrates how modern agricultural techniques and entrepreneurial models can catalyse agricultural transformation, as shown in studies from Mexico to Nigeria.

In the second section, ‘Environmental Insinuations of Agricultural Practices Across Countries and Groups’, the focus shifts to the environmental impacts of agricultural activities. Through empirical investigations and theoretical frameworks, contributions clarify strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, address environmental degradation and promote sustainable agricultural exercises. From Turkey to Bangladesh, chapters emphasize the global relevance of sustainable agricultural practices to safeguard environmental health and ensure food security.

The breadth and depth of topics covered in this volume underscore the interdisciplinary nature of sustainable agriculture. Scholars from economics, environmental science, agriculture and related fields converge to provide a holistic understanding of the challenges and opportunities facing modern agriculture. Moreover, by highlighting case studies from diverse geographic contexts, the book underscores the universality of the imperatives of sustainable agriculture and the need for context-specific solutions.

Finally, this book is not only an excellent scientific compendium but also a call to action. It invites policymakers, practitioners, researchers and students to engage in dialogue, innovation and collaboration to forge a more sustainable agricultural future. By integrating economic viability with environmental protection, we can achieve agricultural systems that nourish both people and the planet.

Enrico Ivaldi

IULM University, Milan, Italy

enrico.ivaldi@iulm.it

Preface

The need for food has increased in tandem with the growth in the world’s population. In addition to causing environmental harm, the agricultural sectors of the majority of nations have now adopted modern technologies that yield high yield rates. Thus, modern farming methods have both positive and negative effects on the economy and the environment. A number of contaminants combined with agricultural output cast doubt on the sustainability issue’s effectiveness. Large-scale agricultural production can release additional greenhouse gases and more hazardous pollutants. Once again, these emissions may have an impact on weather variability, increase the likelihood of climate change and increase the rate of global warming. This may have a greater detrimental impact on the dairy cow feeding industry than on other agriculture-related businesses. Consequently, when the likelihood of a disaster increases, so too may the vulnerability of livelihoods depending on agriculture. But there isn’t a reliable and solid model that can calculate the social costs associated with these emissions. Therefore, reducing the dangers of pollution and environmental degradation as well as adapting to climate change and weather unpredictability should not only make farming systems more resilient but also stabilize farmers’ output and revenue.

Under the ambiance, the present edited book titled Sustainable Agricultural Practices: Economic and Environmental Implications pitches light upon accumulating studies related to economic and environmental aspects of agricultural practices over the years across countries and groups of the world.

The book has compiled of 16 chapters which are divided into two broad sections. Section A covers up the Economic Implications of Agricultural Practices in Countries and Groups containing nine chapters including this introductory chapter and Section B covers up the studies related to the Environmental Insinuations of Agricultural Practices Across Countries and Groups casing seven remaining chapters.

The summary observations are that the countries have experienced rising growth of agricultural sector leading to the improvements in the overall economic activities. There are so many institutional supports from banks, several borrowing programmes and entrepreneurship developments, among others, which have worked as the catalyst for the additional growth progress in the agricultural sector. It has also been observed that the developed countries with high per capita income and relatively low dependence on agriculture sector do waste more food due to their preferences over good quality foods compared to the so-called low income countries. Besides the magnificent achievements in growth front, the activities in the sector have led to the environmental degradation although a list of studies has focussed on recommending the climate change issues. Zero budgeting towards inorganic fertilizers usage and full budgeting towards organic farming practices is also recommended. Thus, as the concluding observation, the entire book has revealed the spectacular growth of the agriculture sector during the modern times with some sort of negative externalities in terms of environmental degradation. Both developed and less developed economies should focus upon sustainable agricultural practices, as has been recommended by the listed research on the topic to have a better future so that inter-generational equities can be maintained.

The contents of the book may provide thought-provoking solutions to the existing problems – economic and environmental aspects of agricultural practices in order to achieve sustainable development in true sense. The readers and policymakers will be immensely benefitted from the contents of the book.

While executing the book project, the editor got marvellous support from different angles of the academic and social world. The editor acknowledges the support of the entire Emerald Team, the contributing authors and the Foreword writer. Moreover, the editor is beholden to his parents, wife, daughter and other members of the family for their sacrifice and cooperation to divulge the volume. Though, the editor is exclusively accountable for any error that still remains in the book.

Ramesh Chandra Das