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Understanding and Optimizing Hydrogen Transport Technologies for 21st Century Smart Cities: Innovation for Morocco's Green Interconnections in Hydrogen, Ammonia, and Kerosene Production

Ayat-Allah Bouramdane (Laboratory of Renewable Energies and Advanced Materials (LERMA), College of Engineering and Architecture, International University of Rabat (IUR), IUR Campus, Technopolis Park, Rocade Rabat-Salé, Sala Al Jadida, 11103, Morocco)

The Emerald Handbook of Smart Cities in the Gulf Region: Innovation, Development, Transformation, and Prosperity for Vision 2040

ISBN: 978-1-83608-293-4, eISBN: 978-1-83608-292-7

Publication date: 22 November 2024

Abstract

In smart cities striving for innovation, development, and prosperity, hydrogen offers a promising path for decarbonization. However, its effective integration into the evolving energy landscape requires understanding regional intricacies and identifying areas for improvement. This chapter examines hydrogen transport from production to utilization, evaluating technologies’ pros, cons, and process equations and using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) tool to assess these technologies based on multiple criteria. It also explores barriers and opportunities in hydrogen transport within the 21st-century energy transition, providing insights for overcoming challenges. Evaluation criteria for hydrogen transport technologies were ranked by relative importance, with energy efficiency topping the list, followed by energy density, infrastructure requirements, cost, range, and flexibility. Safety, technological maturity, scalability, and compatibility with existing infrastructure received lower weights. Hydrogen transport technologies were categorized into three performance levels: low, medium, and high. Hydrogen tube trailers ranked lowest, while chemical hydrides, hydrail, liquid organic hydrogen carriers, hydrogen pipelines, and hydrogen blending exhibited moderate performance. Compressed hydrogen gas, liquid hydrogen, ammonia carriers, and hydrogen fueling stations demonstrated the highest performance. The proposed framework is crucial for next-gen smart cities, cutting emissions, boosting growth, and speeding up development with a strong hydrogen infrastructure. This makes the region a sustainable tech leader, improving air quality and well-being. Aligned with Gulf Region goals, it is key for smart cities. Policymakers, industries, and researchers can use these insights to overcome barriers and seize hydrogen transport tech opportunities.

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Acknowledgements

Acknowledgments

The author would like to extend her sincere appreciation to the editorial board and staff of Emerald Publishing, – particularly Dr Miltiadis D. Lytras, Dr Afnan Alkhaldi, and Dr Sawsan Malik – for the esteemed invitation to contribute to the “Emerald Handbook of Smart Cities in the Gulf Region: Innovation, Development, Transformation, and Prosperity for Vision 2040.”

Ethical Considerations:

This research study does not involve human subjects, animals, or sensitive data. As such, no formal ethical approval was required. The study adheres to the principles of research integrity and responsible conduct, ensuring accurate reporting of findings and appropriate citation of sources.

Citation

Bouramdane, A.-A. (2024), "Understanding and Optimizing Hydrogen Transport Technologies for 21st Century Smart Cities: Innovation for Morocco's Green Interconnections in Hydrogen, Ammonia, and Kerosene Production", Lytras, M.D., Alkhaldi, A. and Malik, S. (Ed.) The Emerald Handbook of Smart Cities in the Gulf Region: Innovation, Development, Transformation, and Prosperity for Vision 2040, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 405-480. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83608-292-720241030

Publisher

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Emerald Publishing Limited