References

Ahn and Davis, 2020 Ahn, M. Y. , & Davis, H. H. (2020). Four domains of students' sense of belonging to university. Studies in Higher Education, 45(3), 622–634.

Allen and Coney, 2022 Allen, M. , & Coney, K. (2022). What happens next? A report on the outcomes of 2018 disabled graduates. Association of Graduate Careers Advisory Services (AGCAS).

Arday et al., 2022 Arday, J. , Branchu, C. , & Boliver, V. (2022). State of the art: What do we know about Black and minority ethnic (BAME) participation in UK higher education? Social Policy and Society, 21(1), 12–25.

Arday and Mirza, 2018 Arday, J. , & Mirza, H. S. (Eds.). (2018). Dismantling race in higher education: Racism, whiteness and decolonising the academy. Palgrave Macmillan.

Bartlett and Vavrus, 2017 Bartlett, L. , & Vavrus, F. (2017). Rethinking case study research. Routledge.

Bathmaker, 2021 Bathmaker, A.-M. (2021). Social class and mobility: Student narratives of class location in English higher education. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 42(1), 75–86.

Bhopal, 2018 Bhopal, K. (2018). White privilege: The myth of a post-racial society. Bristol University Press.

Boliver, 2011 Boliver, V. (2011). Expansion, differentiation, and the persistence of social class inequalities in British higher education. Higher Education, 61, 229–242.

Boliver, 2015 Boliver, V. (2015). Why are British ethnic minorities less likely to be offered places at highly selective universities? In C. Alexander & J. Arday (Eds.), Aiming higher: Race, inequality and diversity in the academy (pp. 15–18). Runnymede.

Boliver, 2016 Boliver, V. (2016). Exploring ethnic inequalities in admission to Russell Group universities. Sociology, 50(2), 247–266.

Boliver et al., 2017 Boliver, V. , Crawford, C. , Powell, M. , & Craige, W. (2017). Admissions in context: The use of contextual admissions by leading universities. The Sutton Trust.

Borkin, 2021 Borkin, H. (2021). Exploring the impact of Covid-19 on disabled students' experiences. Advance HE on Behalf of the Disabled Students' Commission.

Bourdieu, 1990 Bourdieu, P. (1990). The logic of practice. Polity Press.

British Educational Research Association, 2018 British Educational Research Association (BERA) . (2018). Ethical guidelines for educational research (4th ed.). BERA.

Britton et al., 2019 Britton, J. , Dearden, L. , Shephard, N. , & Vignoles, A. (2019). Is improving access to university enough? Socio-economic gaps in the earnings of English graduates. Oxford Bulletin of Economics & Statistics, 81(2), 328–368. https://doi.org/10.1111/obes.12261

Chang et al., 2011 Chang, M. J. , Eagan, M. K. , Lin, M. H. , & Hurtado, S. (2011). Considering the impact of racial stigmas and science identity: Persistence among biomedical and behavioral science aspirants. Journal of Higher Education, 82(5), 564–596.

Christie, 2007 Christie, H. (2007). Higher education and spatial (im)mobility: Non-traditional students and living at home. Environment and Planning, 39(10), 2445–2463.

Commission on Widening Access, 2016 Commission on Widening Access (CoWA) . (2016). A blueprint for fairness. Scottish Government.

Commissioner for Fair Access, 2024 Commissioner for Fair Access . (2024). Renewing the alliance for fair access: Annual report 2024. Scottish Government. https://www.gov.scot/publications/renewing-alliance-fair-access-annual-report-2024/documents/

Coulson et al., 2018 Coulson, S. , Garforth, L. , Payne, G. , & Wastell, E. (2018). Admissions, adaptations and anxieties. In R. Waller , N. Ingram , & M. Ward (Eds.), Higher education and social inequalities (pp. 3–21). Routledge.

Couper-Kenney and Riddell, 2021 Couper-Kenney, F. , & Riddell, S. (2021). The impact of Covid-19 on children with additional support needs and disabilities in Scotland. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 36(1), 20–34.

Cowan et al., 2012 Cowan, C. D. , Hauser, R. M. , Levin, H. M. , Beale Spencer, M. , & Chapman, C. (2012). Improving the measurement of socioeconomic status for the National Assessment of Educational Progress: A theoretical foundation. National Centre for Education Statistics.

Crawford et al., 2023 Crawford, J. , Allen, K.-A. , Sanders, T. , Baumeister, R. , Parker, P. , Saunders, C. , & Tice, D. (2023). Sense of belonging in higher education students: An Australian longitudinal study from 2013 to 2019. Studies in Higher Education, 49(3), 395–409. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2023.2238006

Crozier et al., 2019 Crozier, G. , Reay, D. , & Clayton, J. (2019). Working the borderlands: Working-class students constructing hybrid identities and asserting their place in higher education. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 40(7), 922–937. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2019.1623013

de Beer et al., 2009 de Beer, J. , Smith, U. , & Jansen, C. (2009). Situated in a separated campus: Students' sense of belonging and academic performance: A case study of the experiences of students during a higher education merger. Education as Change, 13(1), 167–194.

Department for BusinessInnovation and Skills, 2016 Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (DBIS) . (2016). Success as a knowledge economy: Teaching excellence, social mobility and student choice. His Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO).

Department for Education, 2017 Department for Education (DfE) . (2017). A level attainment: Characteristics. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a74f059e5274a3cb2868665/A_level_Attainment_Characteristics.pdf

Donnelly and Gamsu, 2018 Donnelly, M. , & Gamsu, S. (2018). Home and away: Social, ethnic and spatial inequalities in student mobility. The Sutton Trust. https://www.suttontrust.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Home_and_away_FINAL.pdf

EducationAudiovisual and Culture Executive Agency, 2012 Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA) . (2012). The European higher education area in 2012: Bologna process implementation report. EACEA.

Erb and Drysdale, 2017 Erb, S. , & Drysdale, M. (2017). Learning attributes, academic self-efficacy and sense of belonging amongst mature students at a Canadian university. Studies in the Education of Adults, 49(1), 62–74.

European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice, 2020 European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice . (2020). The European higher education area in 2020: Bologna process implementation report. Publications Office of the European Union.

Eurydice, 2014 Eurydice . (2014). Modernisation of higher education in Europe: Access, retention and employability. Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency.

Finn and Holton, 2019 Finn, K. , & Holton, M. (2019). Everyday mobile belonging: Theorising higher education student mobilities. Bloomsbury.

Friedman, 2019 Friedman, S., & Laurison, D. (2019). The class ceiling: Why it pays to be privileged. Bristol University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv5zftbj

Fuller et al., 2009 Fuller, M. , Georgeson, J. , Healey, M. , Hurst, A. , Kelly, K. , Riddell, S. , Roberts, H. , & Weedon, E. (2009). Improving disabled students' learning: Experiences and outcomes. Routledge.

Gabi and Sharpe, 2021 Gabi, J. , & Sharpe, S. (2021). Against the odds: An investigation into student persistence in UK higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 46(2), 198–214.

Gibbons and Vignoles, 2012 Gibbons, S. , & Vignoles, A. (2012). Geography, choice and participation in higher education in England. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 42(1–2), 98–113.

Gregersen and Nielsen, 2023 Gregersen, A. , & Nielsen, K. (2023). Not quite the ideal student: Mature students' experiences of higher education. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 32(1), 76–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/09620214.2022.2120525

Hallam, 2023 Hallam, I. (2023). College higher education commuter students' experiences of belonging, mattering and persisting with their studies. Research in Post-Compulsory Education, 28(3), 373–389. https://doi.org/10.1080/13596748.2023.2221116

Halpern, 2007 Halpern, N. (2007). The impact of attendance and student characteristics on academic achievement: Findings from an undergraduate business management module. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 31(4), 335–349.

Harris, 2020 Harris, N. (2020). Education, law and diversity: Schooling for one and all? (2nd ed.). Hart.

Harry, 2014 Harry, B. (2014). The disproportionate placement of ethnic minorities in special education. In L. Florian (Ed.), Sage handbook of special education (Vol. 1, Chapter 6). Sage.

Hector, 2020 Hector, M. (2020). Arriving at thriving: Learning from disabled students to ensure access for all. Policy Connect Higher Education Commission.

HESA, 2023 HESA. (2023). Unistats dataset, 2022/23. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/innovation/data-futures/202223-collection

Higher Education Funding Council for England, 2015 Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) . (2015). Differences in degree outcomes: Effect of subject and student characteristics. HEFCE.

Higher Education Statistics Agency, 2022 Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) . (2022). Higher education student statistics: UK, 2020–21. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/news/19-01-2023/higher-education-student-statistics-uk-202122-released

Holdsworth, 2006 Holdsworth, C. (2006). ‘Don't you think you're missing out living at home?’ Student experiences and residential transitions. The Sociological Review, 54(3), 495–519.

Holmes, 2022 Holmes, C. (2022). Report into the disabled students' allowance London. House of Lords.

Holton and Finn, 2018 Holton, M. , & Finn, K. (2018). Belonging, pausing, feeling: A framework of ‘mobile dwelling’ for U.K. university students that live at home. Applied Mobilities, 5(1), 6–20.

Jerez, 2024 Jerez, E. (2024). Exploring the contribution of student engagement factors to mature-aged students' persistence and academic achievement during the first year of university. The Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/07377363.2023.2279797

Kelly, 2011 Kelly, G. E. (2011). Lecture attendance rates at university and related factors. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 36(1), 17–40.

Maguire and Morris, 2018 Maguire, D. , & Morris, D. (2018). Homeward bound: Defining, understanding, and aiding ‘commuter students’ (Report 114). Higher Education Policy Institute (HEPI).

McCune et al., 2010 McCune, V. , Hounsell, J. , Christie, H. , Cree, V. , & Tett, L. (2010). Mature and younger students' reasons for making the transition from further education into higher education. Teaching in Higher Education, 15(6), 691–702.

Meehan and Howells, 2018 Meehan, C. , & Howells, K. (2018). ‘What really matters to freshers?’: Evaluation of first year student experience of transition into university. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 42(7), 893–907.

Minty, 2021 Minty, S. (2021). Where to study and where to live? Young people's HE decisions in Scotland and the role of family, finance and region. Doctoral thesis. University of Edinburgh. Edinburgh Research Archive. http://dx.doi.org/10.7488/era/1775

Minty and Riddell, 2021 Minty, S. , & Riddell, S. (2021). Access to higher education in Scotland, ethnicity and social disadvantage: A statistical review. Centre for Research in Education Inclusion and Diversity (CREID).

Modood, 1993 Modood, T. (1993). The number of ethnic minority students in British higher education: Some grounds for optimism. Oxford Review of Education, 19(2), 167–182.

O'Boyle, 2015 O'Boyle, N. (2015). The risks of ‘university speak’: Relationship management and identity negotiation by mature students off campus. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 25(2), 93–111.

O'Shea, 2021 O'Shea, S. (2021). ‘Kids from here don't go to uni’: Considering first in family students' belonging and entitlement within the field of higher education in Australia. European Journal of Education, 56(1), 65–77. https://doi-org.eux.idm.oclc.org/10.1111/ejed.12434

Office for National Statistics, 2019 Office for National Statistics (OfS) . (2019b). A guide for the collection and classification of ethnic group, national identity and religion data in the UK. https://www.ons.gov.uk/methodology/classificationsandstandards/measuringequality/ethnicgroupnationalidentityandreligion

Office for Students, 2019 Office for Students (OfS) . (2019a). Regulatory notice 1: Access and participation plan guidance. https://www.officeforstudents.org.uk/publications/regulatory-notice-1-access-and-participation-plan-guidance/

Office for Students, 2020 Office for Students (OfS) . (2020). Access and participation data dashboard. https://www.officeforstudents.org.uk/data-and-analysis/access-and-participation-data-dashboard/

Parker et al., 2023 Parker, J. , Yacoub, A. , Mughal, S. , & Mamari, F. (2023). Family support and psychological distress among commuter college students. Journal of American College Health, 71(2), 479–488.

Paterson et al., 2019 Paterson, L. , Hunter Blackburn, L. , & Weedon, E. (2019). The use of the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation as an indicator to evaluate the impact of policy on widening access to higher education. Scottish Affairs, 28(4), 414–433.

Phillips, 2004 Phillips, A. (2004). Defending equality of outcome. The Journal of Political Philosophy, 12(1), 1–19.

Pokorny et al., 2017 Pokorny, H. , Holley, D. , & Kane, S. (2017). Commuting, transitions and belonging: Experiences of students living at home in their first year at university. Higher Education, 74, 543–558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-016-0063-3

Powell, 2021 Powell, A. (2021). Disabled people in employment, House of Commons Library Briefing (Paper Number 7540, 24th May). https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-7540/

Quinn, 2021 Quinn, P. (2021). Review of student disability service. University of Edinburgh.

Riddell, 2020 Riddell, S. (2020). Autonomy, rights and children with special educational needs: Understanding capacity across contexts. Palgrave Macmillan.

Sanderson and Spacey, 2021 Sanderson, R. , & Spacey, R. (2021). Widening access to higher education for BAME students and students from lower socio-economic groups: A review of literature. IMPact, 4(1).

Scottish Commission for Fair Access, 2021 Scottish Commission for Fair Access . (2021). Re-committing to fair access: A plan for recovery. Scottish Government.

Scottish Funding Council, 2023 Scottish Funding Council . (2023). Report on widening access 2021–22. Scottish Funding Council. https://www.sfc.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/uploadedFiles/Report_on_Widening_Access_2021-22.pdf

Singh, 2009 Singh, G. (2009). Black and minority ethnic (BME) students' participation in higher education: Improving retention and success. A synthesis of research evidence. Higher Education Academy.

Social Mobility Commission, 2019 Social Mobility Commission . (2019). State of the nation 2018–2019: Social mobility in Great Britain. Social Mobility Commission. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/social-mobility-in-great-britain-state-of-the-nation-2018-to-2019

Stevenson and Clegg, 2013 Stevenson, J. , & Clegg, S. (2013). ‘My past is a double edge sword’: Temporality and reflexivity in mature learners. Studies in Continuing Education, 35(1), 17–29.

The Law Society, 2024 The Law Society . (2024). A guide to race and ethnicity terminology and language. The Law Society. https://www.lawsociety.org.uk/topics/ethnic-minority-lawyers/a-guide-to-race-and-ethnicity-terminology-and-language

Thomas, 2019 Thomas, L. (2019). ‘I am happy just doing the work …’: Commuter student engagement in the wider higher education experience. Higher Education Quarterly, 74(3), 290–303.

Thomas and Jones, 2017 Thomas, L. , & Jones, R. (2017). Student engagement in the context of commuter students. Student Engagement Partnership.

Tinklin et al., 2004 Tinklin, T. , Riddell, S. , & Wilson, A. (2004). Support for students with mental health difficulties in higher education: Students' perspective. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 33(4), 495–512.

Tomlinson, 2017 Tomlinson, S. (2017). A sociology of special and inclusive education: Exploring the manufacture of inability. Routledge.

Universities and Colleges Admissions Service, 2021 Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) . (2021). 2020 entry UCAS undergraduate reports by sex, area background, and ethnic group. UCAS.

Universities UK and National Union of Students, 2019 Universities UK (UUK) and National Union of Students (NUS) . (2019). Black, Asian, and minority ethnic student attainment at UK universities: #Closingthegap. https://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/sites/default/files/field/downloads/2021-07/bame-student-attainment.pdf

Webb and Turner, 2020 Webb, O. , & Turner, R. (2020). The association between residential arrangements and academic performance in UK university students. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 44(10), 1320–1334.

Weedon, 2019 Weedon, E. (2019). Disabled students in higher education in the UK: Social and other characteristics by type of impairment. Unpublished working paper. Centre for Research in Education Inclusion and Diversity (CREID), University of Edinburgh.

Weedon and Riddell, 2012 Weedon, E. , & Riddell, S. (2012). Reducing or reinforcing inequality: Assessing the impact of European policy on widening access to higher education. In S. Riddell , J. Markowitsch , & E. Weedon (Eds.), Lifelong learning in Europe: Equity and efficiency in the balance. Policy Press.

Wong, 2018 Wong, B. (2018). By chance or by plan?: The academic success of non-traditional students in higher education. AERA Open, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858418782195

Wong et al., 2021 Wong, B. , Elmorally, R. , Copsey-Blake, M. , Highwood, E. , & Singarayer, J. (2021). Is race still relevant? Student perceptions and experiences of racism in higher education. Cambridge Journal of Education, 51(3), 359–375.

Yin, 2014 Yin, R. (2014). Case study research design and methods (5th ed.). Sage.

Yorke, 2016 Yorke, M. (2016). The development and initial use of a survey of student ‘belongingness’, engagement and self-confidence in UK higher education. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 41(1), 154–166.