Index
ISBN: 978-1-80382-364-5, eISBN: 978-1-80382-363-8
Publication date: 9 November 2023
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2023), "Index", Greey, A.D. and Lenskyj, H.J. (Ed.) Trans Athletes’ Resistance (Emerald Studies in Sport and Gender), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 151-155. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80382-363-820231011
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2024 Ali Durham Greey and Helen Jefferson Lenskyj. Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Ableism, ableist, 133
Abuse, 18, 49, 107
Accomplices, accompliceship, 10, 124–125
Accountability, 124
Activism, activists, 7, 18, 34–35, 96, 132
Adolescence, adolescents, 89
Advocacy, advocates, 116–117, 124, 133
Affect, affective, 9, 60–61, 63–64, 66–68, 79, 94
Africa, African, 35, 140
African American, 34, 131, 133, 136, 138, 140
Aggression, aggressive, 8–9, 18, 34, 64–65, 79–81, 84
Alabama, 137
Allies, allyship, 4, 7, 10, 48, 89, 96, 123–124, 129, 133, 139–141, 146
Amateur International Boxing Association (AIBA), 78
America, Americans, 34, 36, 138–140
Androgynous, 120–121
Androgyny, androgynous, 121, 124
Anti-doping, 142
Anti-trans movements, 8, 17–18, 20–23, 30, 46, 49, 89–92, 95–96, 108, 131
Athlete Ally, 91–92, 94, 96, 139–140
Aussie Rules Football, 50
Austin Killips, 7, 16–17
Australia, 3, 45, 47, 49, 51, 141
Australian Human Rights Commission, 45–46
Autoethnography, autoethnographic, 8–9, 129
Baker, Leo, 136
Bans, on trans athletes, 49, 137–138
Basketball, 92, 108
Belonging, 1–7, 10, 125, 134, 146
Bias, 8, 139
Binary thinking, binary gender, 2, 4–5, 9–10, 81, 107, 131
“Biological male”, 15, 22, 90, 139
Biology, 20, 90, 106
Biomedical research, 142
Black athletes, 107
Bodily norms, 118–121
Body image, 22, 33, 36, 39–40, 62
Boxing, boxers, 9, 60–68, 72–73, 75–84, 134–135
Boys, 1–3, 7, 30–31, 51, 79–80, 82, 106
Brazil, Brazilian, 7, 30–37, 39–40
Bridges, Emily, 136
British Cycling, 136
Bullying, 50–51
Cameron, Molly, 23
Campbell, Cate, 138
Campbell, Rook, 135
Canada, Canadian, 77, 116, 122, 138–139, 142, 145
Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport (CCES), 129, 139, 143, 145
CCES Report, Transgender Athletes and Elite Sports: A Scientific Review
, 143–144
Chand, Dutee, 5
Changerooms, 50, 116, 118–119, 124
Children, 2, 4, 22, 47, 50–51, 134
Chromosomes, 106
Cis-centric, 22, 119
Cisgender, 3, 8, 32, 46, 75, 77–78, 80–81, 83, 92–93, 106, 116, 121, 123, 125, 131, 142–144
Citizenship, 6
Clarendon, Layshia, 5, 10, 104, 107–110, 136
Classism, classist, 2, 146
Clubs, 23, 45–52, 94
Coaching, coaches, 6, 9, 18–19, 21, 51, 62, 64, 67, 78, 81, 88–89, 92, 94–96, 133, 140, 142, 144, 146
Cole, Teju, 133
Colonialism, colonialist, 34–35
Combat sports, 66, 134
Community consultation, 47, 49
Community sport, 8, 43–48, 50–51, 130
Connecticut, 137
Connection, 3, 44, 88, 124–125, 131
Conservative politics, 30, 32–33, 35–37, 39, 90, 137, 141
Covid-19, 45, 66
Culture wars, 33–35, 141
Cultural intelligibility, 19–20
Cycling, cyclists, 16–17, 19, 23, 136
Cyclocross, 16–18, 23
Dance, 68, 119
Determinative freedom, 130
Devine, Cathy, 139–141
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), 20
Discrimination, 2, 44, 46, 49–50, 87, 90, 106, 109, 115, 118
Disobedience, 110
Diversity, diverse, 21, 31, 45, 47, 52, 63, 95–96, 130, 133
Docile bodies, 19
Doctors, 74
Doping, performance-enhancing drugs, 143
Downtown East (DTE), Toronto, 132
Education, 2, 46–48, 51, 124
Eligibility, 4–5, 17, 23, 48–49, 89, 95, 127, 130, 140, 146
Elite athletes, 145–146
“Embodying disobedience”, 107–110
Empowerment, 120, 134–136
Ethics, ethical, 31, 44, 52, 63, 135, 139, 142
Ethnicity, 130
Europe, European, 17, 34
“Evil deceiver”, 20
Exploitation, 32, 65, 140
Fairness, 15–16, 22, 45–46, 48, 92, 107, 116, 130, 136, 138, 141–142, 144–145
Femininity, 10, 21, 78, 93, 106–108, 117, 119–121, 124
Feminism, feminist, 4, 8, 10, 24, 32, 34–35, 84, 104–106
Figure skating, 133
FINA (Fédération Internationale de Natation), 106, 131, 136, 138
Fitness, 32, 118
519 Community Centre, Toronto, 132
Football (soccer), 30–31, 50, 110
Fox News, 135
Franklin, Ursula, 4
Friendship, 3, 31, 123, 125
Futebol, 7, 30–33, 37
Gender diversity, 45, 47, 106, 108, 110
Gendered sports categories, 118
Gender expression, 7, 9, 52, 94, 121, 130
Gender non-conforming, 10, 95–96, 115–119, 122–125
Gender verification, 106
Genders, 8, 44, 46, 52, 75, 83, 105, 130, 134, 135
Gentrification, 132
Girls, 2–3, 5, 7, 21, 50, 75, 79, 90, 93
Gleaves, John, 9, 73, 92–93
Glenn, Evelyn Nakano, 6
Green, Ellia, 136
Groves, Maddie, 138
Hapkido, 134
Healing justice, 9, 60–61, 64–66, 69, 145
Health, 44, 53, 91, 130
Hegemonic femininity, 3
Hegemony, 32–33, 93, 107
Heteronormativity, heteronormative, 20, 32–33, 35, 116, 122, 131
Heteropatriarchy, 60
Heterosexism, 7, 18
Heterosexual, heterosexuality, 5, 32, 35, 75, 77, 121, 123, 125
High performance athletes, 139–140
Hilton, Emma, 141
Homelessness, homeless people, 132
Homophobia, homophobic, 60, 81–82, 84, 110, 133, 146
Hormones, 50, 89, 92, 106, 135
Hormone suppression treatment, 89
Howe, Savoy, 72, 75
Hubbard, Laurel, 138
Human rights, 22, 33, 44, 46, 135
Ideologies, ideological, 7, 16, 18, 21, 33
Inclusion, 1, 5–7, 16–17, 21–22, 24, 43–51, 92–94, 116, 130–132, 142, 145
Indigenous peoples, Indigeneity, 3
International federations (IFs), 48, 130–131
International Olympic Committee (IOC), 45, 78, 94
International Olympic Committee Framework on Fairness, Inclusion and Non-discrimination, 45, 48, 130
Intersectional analysis, 131, 133
Intersex athletes, 3–4, 130
IOC Position Statement (2022), 48, 130–131, 137
Journalism, journalists, 135–136, 138
Joy, pleasure, 7–8, 10, 36, 39, 80, 125, 136
Justice, 31, 36
Killips, Austin, 7, 16–17, 20, 22
Law, legislation, 9, 90–91, 95, 117, 137
Ledecky, Katie, 22
Lehrbach, Tim, 9, 73, 75, 92–93
“Level playing field”, 16, 18–19
LGBTQ2S+ (lesbian/gay/bisexual/queer/2-spirited/+), 23, 88, 93–94, 96, 116–117, 122, 124–125, 133
Locker rooms, 10, 39, 93, 96
Lyon, Donna, 135
Major League Quidditch, 131
Martial arts, 2, 80, 134
Masculinity, masculinities, 10, 34, 39, 73, 77–79, 81, 108, 120–121, 125
Medals, 146
Media, 17–19, 22, 30, 35, 45, 49, 78, 82, 135–136, 138–139
Medical model, 135
Medicalized bodies, medicalization, 20
Memory work, 9, 87–88
Meninos Bons de Bola
, 7–8, 30–40
Misgendering, 118, 121
Misogyny, 73, 80–83, 121
Moral panic, 22, 111
Moreau, Sophia, 4–5
Mountain biking, 122–123
Muscles, muscular, 21–22, 39, 80
National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), 9–10, 17–18, 22, 88–92, 94–95
Nonbinary, 3, 5, 7–10, 44, 51, 72–73, 75–78, 81, 84, 104–105, 108–110, 133–134, 136, 138
Oates, Joyce Carol, 60, 63–64, 67, 75–76
Ohio, 17, 136
Olympic Games, Olympic sport, 78, 82
Pain, 9, 19, 60–61, 64, 67–68
Paris 2024 Olympics, 78, 138
Physiological equivalency, 142
Pielke, Roger, 4, 46, 81–82, 106, 137, 140–142
Pike, Jon, 141
Play, 2, 5–6, 10, 22, 33, 45, 50–51, 89, 95
Policy, 4, 7, 21, 24, 44, 48–50, 95, 133, 145–146
Politics, political, 6–7, 30, 32–36, 40, 105
Prejudice, 48
Professional sports, 10, 104, 106–107
Proud2Play, 45, 47, 50
Quadball, 131
Queer futures, 7, 22–24
Queer theory, 105–106, 117
Queer Trans Community Defence (QTCD), 132–133
Quinn, 108, 110, 138
Race, 8–10, 16–17, 23–24, 63, 73, 81–83, 88, 91, 104, 107, 125
Racialized bodies/athletes, 8
Racism, racist, 2, 10, 18, 24, 60, 68, 107, 132, 146
Radical transformation, 129–130
Rage, anger, 9, 60–61, 64–65, 67–68, 80–81
Rapinoe, Megan, 138
Recommendations, 95, 129–130
Recreational sport, 10, 130
Reform, 129–130, 133
“Regimes of looking”, 20
Registration forms, 50–51
Regulations, 45
Republicans (US), 136
Resistance, 1–7, 33, 35–36, 40, 48, 60, 78, 109, 118, 120, 145
Respectability, 20
Richards, Renée, 22, 106
RIDE (cycling group), 23
Rights, 22, 33, 90, 136
Rock climbing, 44, 122
Rowing, 88–89, 91
Rugby, 24, 77, 136
Safety, 51, 78, 118, 122–123, 130
“Save Women’s Sport”, 17–18, 144
Science, 4, 8, 137–138, 143
Scotland, 137
Semenya, Caster, 4–5
Sexism, 60, 121, 146
Sexual abuse, 133, 135
Sexual harassment, 18
Sexualities, 8, 93, 117, 122
Shields, Claressa, 73–74
Skateboarders, 110, 136, 138
Smith, Alana, 110
Soccer, 7, 30–33, 108, 138, 140
Social justice, 23, 60–61, 65, 108, 129, 133
Social media, 5, 18, 109, 139
Socialization, 1, 3
Socio-economic status, 130
Softball, 24, 91
South Africa, 21
Sparring, 9, 60–61, 63–67, 79–82, 134
Sport Australia, 45–46
Sport Canada, 129, 139–141
Student athlete, 10, 17, 88–89, 96
Surgery, 109–110
Surgical requirements, 50
Swimming, swimmers, 17, 22–23, 44, 77, 122
Swimming Australia, 49
Sydor, Alyson, 140
Synchronized swimming, 131
Testosterone, 2, 4–5, 17, 86, 89, 92, 130, 142–144
Thomas, Lia, 7, 16–18, 20–23, 93–94, 96, 142
Thorpe, Ian, 138–139
Title IX, 90, 106
Tokyo 2020 Olympics, 138
Toronto Newsgirls Boxing Club, 72
Track and field, 19
Trans inclusion policies, 7–8, 46, 94, 144
Transformation, transformative, 33, 36, 44, 66–67, 106, 130, 133, 146
Transition, 5, 16, 24, 62–63, 88, 92, 108–109
Transness, 7, 16, 18–24, 108
Transphobia, transphobic, 36, 68, 73, 81–82, 84, 89, 92, 97, 116, 123, 131, 133, 138, 146
Twitter, 135, 140–141
UCI (Union Cycliste Internationale), 130, 136
UCI World Cup, 17
Ultimate Frisbee, 131
Uniforms, sporting, 34, 82
USA Cyclocross, 17, 23
USA (United States of America), 16–20, 23, 77, 90, 95, 137–139, 141–142
U.S. Quidditch, 131
U.S. Ultimate, 131
Values, 3, 18, 21, 23, 32, 34, 45, 48–49, 51–53, 66, 83, 91–92, 138, 145
Violence, 7–9, 18–19, 21–22, 29–30, 34–35, 39, 40, 49, 65–66, 69, 108, 133, 144
Violent potential, 79–81
Weightlifting, 19
Whiteness, 10, 20, 23, 34, 125
White supremacy, white supremacist, 7, 16, 18–19, 21–22, 60, 82
Wolfe, Chelsea, 138
Working out, 120, 122
World Athletics, 50, 130, 144
World Rugby, 24
WNBA (Women’s National Basketball Association), 5, 10, 104, 108, 110
Youth, youth sport, 2, 44, 52, 130, 134
Ableism, ableist
, 133
Abuse
, 18, 49, 107
Accomplices, accompliceship
, 10, 124–125
Accountability
, 124
Activism, activists
, 7, 18, 34–35, 96, 132
Adolescence, adolescents
, 89
Advocacy, advocates
, 116–117, 124, 133
Affect, affective
, 9, 60–61, 63–64, 66–68, 79, 94
Africa, African
, 35, 140
African American
, 34, 131, 133, 136, 138, 140
Aggression, aggressive
, 8–9, 18, 34, 64–65, 79–81, 84
Alabama
, 137
Allies, allyship
, 4, 7, 10, 48, 89, 96, 123–124, 129, 133, 139–141, 146
Amateur International Boxing Association (AIBA)
, 78
America, Americans
, 34, 36, 138–140
Androgynous
, 120–121
Androgyny, androgynous
, 121, 124
Anti-doping
, 142
Anti-trans movements
, 8, 17–18, 20–23, 30, 46, 49, 89–92, 95–96, 108, 131
Athlete Ally
, 91–92, 94, 96, 139–140
Aussie Rules Football
, 50
Austin Killips
, 7, 16–17
Australia
, 3, 45, 47, 49, 51, 141
Australian Human Rights Commission
, 45–46
Autoethnography, autoethnographic
, 8–9, 129
Baker, Leo
, 136
Bans, on trans athletes
, 49, 137–138
Basketball
, 92, 108
Belonging
, 1–7, 10, 125, 134, 146
Bias
, 8, 139
Binary thinking, binary gender
, 2, 4–5, 9–10, 81, 107, 131
“Biological male”
, 15, 22, 90, 139
Biology
, 20, 90, 106
Biomedical research
, 142
Black athletes
, 107
Bodily norms
, 118–121
Body image
, 22, 33, 36, 39–40, 62
Boxing, boxers
, 9, 60–68, 72–73, 75–84, 134–135
Boys
, 1–3, 7, 30–31, 51, 79–80, 82, 106
Brazil, Brazilian
, 7, 30–37, 39–40
Bridges, Emily
, 136
British Cycling
, 136
Bullying
, 50–51
Cameron, Molly, 23
Campbell, Cate, 138
Campbell, Rook, 135
Canada, Canadian, 77, 116, 122, 138–139, 142, 145
Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport (CCES), 129, 139, 143, 145
CCES Report, Transgender Athletes and Elite Sports: A Scientific Review
, 143–144
Chand, Dutee, 5
Changerooms, 50, 116, 118–119, 124
Children, 2, 4, 22, 47, 50–51, 134
Chromosomes, 106
Cis-centric, 22, 119
Cisgender, 3, 8, 32, 46, 75, 77–78, 80–81, 83, 92–93, 106, 116, 121, 123, 125, 131, 142–144
Citizenship, 6
Clarendon, Layshia, 5, 10, 104, 107–110, 136
Classism, classist, 2, 146
Clubs, 23, 45–52, 94
Coaching, coaches, 6, 9, 18–19, 21, 51, 62, 64, 67, 78, 81, 88–89, 92, 94–96, 133, 140, 142, 144, 146
Cole, Teju, 133
Colonialism, colonialist, 34–35
Combat sports, 66, 134
Community consultation, 47, 49
Community sport, 8, 43–48, 50–51, 130
Connecticut, 137
Connection, 3, 44, 88, 124–125, 131
Conservative politics, 30, 32–33, 35–37, 39, 90, 137, 141
Covid-19, 45, 66
Culture wars, 33–35, 141
Cultural intelligibility, 19–20
Cycling, cyclists, 16–17, 19, 23, 136
Cyclocross, 16–18, 23
Dance, 68, 119
Determinative freedom, 130
Devine, Cathy, 139–141
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), 20
Discrimination, 2, 44, 46, 49–50, 87, 90, 106, 109, 115, 118
Disobedience, 110
Diversity, diverse, 21, 31, 45, 47, 52, 63, 95–96, 130, 133
Docile bodies, 19
Doctors, 74
Doping, performance-enhancing drugs, 143
Downtown East (DTE), Toronto, 132
Education, 2, 46–48, 51, 124
Eligibility, 4–5, 17, 23, 48–49, 89, 95, 127, 130, 140, 146
Elite athletes, 145–146
“Embodying disobedience”, 107–110
Empowerment, 120, 134–136
Ethics, ethical, 31, 44, 52, 63, 135, 139, 142
Ethnicity, 130
Europe, European, 17, 34
“Evil deceiver”, 20
Exploitation, 32, 65, 140
Fairness, 15–16, 22, 45–46, 48, 92, 107, 116, 130, 136, 138, 141–142, 144–145
Femininity, 10, 21, 78, 93, 106–108, 117, 119–121, 124
Feminism, feminist, 4, 8, 10, 24, 32, 34–35, 84, 104–106
Figure skating, 133
FINA (Fédération Internationale de Natation), 106, 131, 136, 138
Fitness, 32, 118
519 Community Centre, Toronto, 132
Football (soccer), 30–31, 50, 110
Fox News, 135
Franklin, Ursula, 4
Friendship, 3, 31, 123, 125
Futebol, 7, 30–33, 37
Gender diversity, 45, 47, 106, 108, 110
Gendered sports categories, 118
Gender expression, 7, 9, 52, 94, 121, 130
Gender non-conforming, 10, 95–96, 115–119, 122–125
Gender verification, 106
Genders, 8, 44, 46, 52, 75, 83, 105, 130, 134, 135
Gentrification, 132
Girls, 2–3, 5, 7, 21, 50, 75, 79, 90, 93
Gleaves, John, 9, 73, 92–93
Glenn, Evelyn Nakano, 6
Green, Ellia, 136
Groves, Maddie, 138
Hapkido, 134
Healing justice, 9, 60–61, 64–66, 69, 145
Health, 44, 53, 91, 130
Hegemonic femininity, 3
Hegemony, 32–33, 93, 107
Heteronormativity, heteronormative, 20, 32–33, 35, 116, 122, 131
Heteropatriarchy, 60
Heterosexism, 7, 18
Heterosexual, heterosexuality, 5, 32, 35, 75, 77, 121, 123, 125
High performance athletes, 139–140
Hilton, Emma, 141
Homelessness, homeless people, 132
Homophobia, homophobic, 60, 81–82, 84, 110, 133, 146
Hormones, 50, 89, 92, 106, 135
Hormone suppression treatment, 89
Howe, Savoy, 72, 75
Hubbard, Laurel, 138
Human rights, 22, 33, 44, 46, 135
Ideologies, ideological, 7, 16, 18, 21, 33
Inclusion, 1, 5–7, 16–17, 21–22, 24, 43–51, 92–94, 116, 130–132, 142, 145
Indigenous peoples, Indigeneity, 3
International federations (IFs), 48, 130–131
International Olympic Committee (IOC), 45, 78, 94
International Olympic Committee Framework on Fairness, Inclusion and Non-discrimination, 45, 48, 130
Intersectional analysis, 131, 133
Intersex athletes, 3–4, 130
IOC Position Statement (2022), 48, 130–131, 137
Journalism, journalists, 135–136, 138
Joy, pleasure, 7–8, 10, 36, 39, 80, 125, 136
Justice, 31, 36
Killips, Austin, 7, 16–17, 20, 22
Law, legislation, 9, 90–91, 95, 117, 137
Ledecky, Katie, 22
Lehrbach, Tim, 9, 73, 75, 92–93
“Level playing field”, 16, 18–19
LGBTQ2S+ (lesbian/gay/bisexual/queer/2-spirited/+), 23, 88, 93–94, 96, 116–117, 122, 124–125, 133
Locker rooms, 10, 39, 93, 96
Lyon, Donna, 135
Major League Quidditch, 131
Martial arts, 2, 80, 134
Masculinity, masculinities, 10, 34, 39, 73, 77–79, 81, 108, 120–121, 125
Medals, 146
Media, 17–19, 22, 30, 35, 45, 49, 78, 82, 135–136, 138–139
Medical model, 135
Medicalized bodies, medicalization, 20
Memory work, 9, 87–88
Meninos Bons de Bola
, 7–8, 30–40
Misgendering, 118, 121
Misogyny, 73, 80–83, 121
Moral panic, 22, 111
Moreau, Sophia, 4–5
Mountain biking, 122–123
Muscles, muscular, 21–22, 39, 80
National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), 9–10, 17–18, 22, 88–92, 94–95
Nonbinary, 3, 5, 7–10, 44, 51, 72–73, 75–78, 81, 84, 104–105, 108–110, 133–134, 136, 138
Oates, Joyce Carol, 60, 63–64, 67, 75–76
Ohio, 17, 136
Olympic Games, Olympic sport, 78, 82
Pain, 9, 19, 60–61, 64, 67–68
Paris 2024 Olympics, 78, 138
Physiological equivalency, 142
Pielke, Roger, 4, 46, 81–82, 106, 137, 140–142
Pike, Jon, 141
Play, 2, 5–6, 10, 22, 33, 45, 50–51, 89, 95
Policy, 4, 7, 21, 24, 44, 48–50, 95, 133, 145–146
Politics, political, 6–7, 30, 32–36, 40, 105
Prejudice, 48
Professional sports, 10, 104, 106–107
Proud2Play, 45, 47, 50
Quadball, 131
Queer futures, 7, 22–24
Queer theory, 105–106, 117
Queer Trans Community Defence (QTCD), 132–133
Quinn, 108, 110, 138
Race, 8–10, 16–17, 23–24, 63, 73, 81–83, 88, 91, 104, 107, 125
Racialized bodies/athletes, 8
Racism, racist, 2, 10, 18, 24, 60, 68, 107, 132, 146
Radical transformation, 129–130
Rage, anger, 9, 60–61, 64–65, 67–68, 80–81
Rapinoe, Megan, 138
Recommendations, 95, 129–130
Recreational sport, 10, 130
Reform, 129–130, 133
“Regimes of looking”, 20
Registration forms, 50–51
Regulations, 45
Republicans (US), 136
Resistance, 1–7, 33, 35–36, 40, 48, 60, 78, 109, 118, 120, 145
Respectability, 20
Richards, Renée, 22, 106
RIDE (cycling group), 23
Rights, 22, 33, 90, 136
Rock climbing, 44, 122
Rowing, 88–89, 91
Rugby, 24, 77, 136
Safety, 51, 78, 118, 122–123, 130
“Save Women’s Sport”, 17–18, 144
Science, 4, 8, 137–138, 143
Scotland, 137
Semenya, Caster, 4–5
Sexism, 60, 121, 146
Sexual abuse, 133, 135
Sexual harassment, 18
Sexualities, 8, 93, 117, 122
Shields, Claressa, 73–74
Skateboarders, 110, 136, 138
Smith, Alana, 110
Soccer, 7, 30–33, 108, 138, 140
Social justice, 23, 60–61, 65, 108, 129, 133
Social media, 5, 18, 109, 139
Socialization, 1, 3
Socio-economic status, 130
Softball, 24, 91
South Africa, 21
Sparring, 9, 60–61, 63–67, 79–82, 134
Sport Australia, 45–46
Sport Canada, 129, 139–141
Student athlete, 10, 17, 88–89, 96
Surgery, 109–110
Surgical requirements, 50
Swimming, swimmers, 17, 22–23, 44, 77, 122
Swimming Australia, 49
Sydor, Alyson, 140
Synchronized swimming, 131
Testosterone, 2, 4–5, 17, 86, 89, 92, 130, 142–144
Thomas, Lia, 7, 16–18, 20–23, 93–94, 96, 142
Thorpe, Ian, 138–139
Title IX, 90, 106
Tokyo 2020 Olympics, 138
Toronto Newsgirls Boxing Club, 72
Track and field, 19
Trans inclusion policies, 7–8, 46, 94, 144
Transformation, transformative, 33, 36, 44, 66–67, 106, 130, 133, 146
Transition, 5, 16, 24, 62–63, 88, 92, 108–109
Transness, 7, 16, 18–24, 108
Transphobia, transphobic, 36, 68, 73, 81–82, 84, 89, 92, 97, 116, 123, 131, 133, 138, 146
Twitter, 135, 140–141
UCI (Union Cycliste Internationale), 130, 136
UCI World Cup, 17
Ultimate Frisbee, 131
Uniforms, sporting, 34, 82
USA Cyclocross, 17, 23
USA (United States of America), 16–20, 23, 77, 90, 95, 137–139, 141–142
U.S. Quidditch, 131
U.S. Ultimate, 131
Values, 3, 18, 21, 23, 32, 34, 45, 48–49, 51–53, 66, 83, 91–92, 138, 145
Violence, 7–9, 18–19, 21–22, 29–30, 34–35, 39, 40, 49, 65–66, 69, 108, 133, 144
Violent potential, 79–81
Weightlifting, 19
Whiteness, 10, 20, 23, 34, 125
White supremacy, white supremacist, 7, 16, 18–19, 21–22, 60, 82
Wolfe, Chelsea, 138
Working out, 120, 122
World Athletics, 50, 130, 144
World Rugby, 24
WNBA (Women’s National Basketball Association), 5, 10, 104, 108, 110
Youth, youth sport, 2, 44, 52, 130, 134
Cameron, Molly
, 23
Campbell, Cate
, 138
Campbell, Rook
, 135
Canada, Canadian
, 77, 116, 122, 138–139, 142, 145
Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport (CCES)
, 129, 139, 143, 145
CCES Report, Transgender Athletes and Elite Sports: A Scientific Review
, 143–144
Chand, Dutee
, 5
Changerooms
, 50, 116, 118–119, 124
Children
, 2, 4, 22, 47, 50–51, 134
Chromosomes
, 106
Cis-centric
, 22, 119
Cisgender
, 3, 8, 32, 46, 75, 77–78, 80–81, 83, 92–93, 106, 116, 121, 123, 125, 131, 142–144
Citizenship
, 6
Clarendon, Layshia
, 5, 10, 104, 107–110, 136
Classism, classist
, 2, 146
Clubs
, 23, 45–52, 94
Coaching, coaches
, 6, 9, 18–19, 21, 51, 62, 64, 67, 78, 81, 88–89, 92, 94–96, 133, 140, 142, 144, 146
Cole, Teju
, 133
Colonialism, colonialist
, 34–35
Combat sports
, 66, 134
Community consultation
, 47, 49
Community sport
, 8, 43–48, 50–51, 130
Connecticut
, 137
Connection
, 3, 44, 88, 124–125, 131
Conservative politics
, 30, 32–33, 35–37, 39, 90, 137, 141
Covid-19
, 45, 66
Culture wars
, 33–35, 141
Cultural intelligibility
, 19–20
Cycling, cyclists
, 16–17, 19, 23, 136
Cyclocross
, 16–18, 23
Dance
, 68, 119
Determinative freedom
, 130
Devine, Cathy
, 139–141
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
, 20
Discrimination
, 2, 44, 46, 49–50, 87, 90, 106, 109, 115, 118
Disobedience
, 110
Diversity, diverse
, 21, 31, 45, 47, 52, 63, 95–96, 130, 133
Docile bodies
, 19
Doctors
, 74
Doping, performance-enhancing drugs
, 143
Downtown East (DTE), Toronto
, 132
Education, 2, 46–48, 51, 124
Eligibility, 4–5, 17, 23, 48–49, 89, 95, 127, 130, 140, 146
Elite athletes, 145–146
“Embodying disobedience”, 107–110
Empowerment, 120, 134–136
Ethics, ethical, 31, 44, 52, 63, 135, 139, 142
Ethnicity, 130
Europe, European, 17, 34
“Evil deceiver”, 20
Exploitation, 32, 65, 140
Fairness, 15–16, 22, 45–46, 48, 92, 107, 116, 130, 136, 138, 141–142, 144–145
Femininity, 10, 21, 78, 93, 106–108, 117, 119–121, 124
Feminism, feminist, 4, 8, 10, 24, 32, 34–35, 84, 104–106
Figure skating, 133
FINA (Fédération Internationale de Natation), 106, 131, 136, 138
Fitness, 32, 118
519 Community Centre, Toronto, 132
Football (soccer), 30–31, 50, 110
Fox News, 135
Franklin, Ursula, 4
Friendship, 3, 31, 123, 125
Futebol, 7, 30–33, 37
Gender diversity, 45, 47, 106, 108, 110
Gendered sports categories, 118
Gender expression, 7, 9, 52, 94, 121, 130
Gender non-conforming, 10, 95–96, 115–119, 122–125
Gender verification, 106
Genders, 8, 44, 46, 52, 75, 83, 105, 130, 134, 135
Gentrification, 132
Girls, 2–3, 5, 7, 21, 50, 75, 79, 90, 93
Gleaves, John, 9, 73, 92–93
Glenn, Evelyn Nakano, 6
Green, Ellia, 136
Groves, Maddie, 138
Hapkido, 134
Healing justice, 9, 60–61, 64–66, 69, 145
Health, 44, 53, 91, 130
Hegemonic femininity, 3
Hegemony, 32–33, 93, 107
Heteronormativity, heteronormative, 20, 32–33, 35, 116, 122, 131
Heteropatriarchy, 60
Heterosexism, 7, 18
Heterosexual, heterosexuality, 5, 32, 35, 75, 77, 121, 123, 125
High performance athletes, 139–140
Hilton, Emma, 141
Homelessness, homeless people, 132
Homophobia, homophobic, 60, 81–82, 84, 110, 133, 146
Hormones, 50, 89, 92, 106, 135
Hormone suppression treatment, 89
Howe, Savoy, 72, 75
Hubbard, Laurel, 138
Human rights, 22, 33, 44, 46, 135
Ideologies, ideological, 7, 16, 18, 21, 33
Inclusion, 1, 5–7, 16–17, 21–22, 24, 43–51, 92–94, 116, 130–132, 142, 145
Indigenous peoples, Indigeneity, 3
International federations (IFs), 48, 130–131
International Olympic Committee (IOC), 45, 78, 94
International Olympic Committee Framework on Fairness, Inclusion and Non-discrimination, 45, 48, 130
Intersectional analysis, 131, 133
Intersex athletes, 3–4, 130
IOC Position Statement (2022), 48, 130–131, 137
Journalism, journalists, 135–136, 138
Joy, pleasure, 7–8, 10, 36, 39, 80, 125, 136
Justice, 31, 36
Killips, Austin, 7, 16–17, 20, 22
Law, legislation, 9, 90–91, 95, 117, 137
Ledecky, Katie, 22
Lehrbach, Tim, 9, 73, 75, 92–93
“Level playing field”, 16, 18–19
LGBTQ2S+ (lesbian/gay/bisexual/queer/2-spirited/+), 23, 88, 93–94, 96, 116–117, 122, 124–125, 133
Locker rooms, 10, 39, 93, 96
Lyon, Donna, 135
Major League Quidditch, 131
Martial arts, 2, 80, 134
Masculinity, masculinities, 10, 34, 39, 73, 77–79, 81, 108, 120–121, 125
Medals, 146
Media, 17–19, 22, 30, 35, 45, 49, 78, 82, 135–136, 138–139
Medical model, 135
Medicalized bodies, medicalization, 20
Memory work, 9, 87–88
Meninos Bons de Bola
, 7–8, 30–40
Misgendering, 118, 121
Misogyny, 73, 80–83, 121
Moral panic, 22, 111
Moreau, Sophia, 4–5
Mountain biking, 122–123
Muscles, muscular, 21–22, 39, 80
National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), 9–10, 17–18, 22, 88–92, 94–95
Nonbinary, 3, 5, 7–10, 44, 51, 72–73, 75–78, 81, 84, 104–105, 108–110, 133–134, 136, 138
Oates, Joyce Carol, 60, 63–64, 67, 75–76
Ohio, 17, 136
Olympic Games, Olympic sport, 78, 82
Pain, 9, 19, 60–61, 64, 67–68
Paris 2024 Olympics, 78, 138
Physiological equivalency, 142
Pielke, Roger, 4, 46, 81–82, 106, 137, 140–142
Pike, Jon, 141
Play, 2, 5–6, 10, 22, 33, 45, 50–51, 89, 95
Policy, 4, 7, 21, 24, 44, 48–50, 95, 133, 145–146
Politics, political, 6–7, 30, 32–36, 40, 105
Prejudice, 48
Professional sports, 10, 104, 106–107
Proud2Play, 45, 47, 50
Quadball, 131
Queer futures, 7, 22–24
Queer theory, 105–106, 117
Queer Trans Community Defence (QTCD), 132–133
Quinn, 108, 110, 138
Race, 8–10, 16–17, 23–24, 63, 73, 81–83, 88, 91, 104, 107, 125
Racialized bodies/athletes, 8
Racism, racist, 2, 10, 18, 24, 60, 68, 107, 132, 146
Radical transformation, 129–130
Rage, anger, 9, 60–61, 64–65, 67–68, 80–81
Rapinoe, Megan, 138
Recommendations, 95, 129–130
Recreational sport, 10, 130
Reform, 129–130, 133
“Regimes of looking”, 20
Registration forms, 50–51
Regulations, 45
Republicans (US), 136
Resistance, 1–7, 33, 35–36, 40, 48, 60, 78, 109, 118, 120, 145
Respectability, 20
Richards, Renée, 22, 106
RIDE (cycling group), 23
Rights, 22, 33, 90, 136
Rock climbing, 44, 122
Rowing, 88–89, 91
Rugby, 24, 77, 136
Safety, 51, 78, 118, 122–123, 130
“Save Women’s Sport”, 17–18, 144
Science, 4, 8, 137–138, 143
Scotland, 137
Semenya, Caster, 4–5
Sexism, 60, 121, 146
Sexual abuse, 133, 135
Sexual harassment, 18
Sexualities, 8, 93, 117, 122
Shields, Claressa, 73–74
Skateboarders, 110, 136, 138
Smith, Alana, 110
Soccer, 7, 30–33, 108, 138, 140
Social justice, 23, 60–61, 65, 108, 129, 133
Social media, 5, 18, 109, 139
Socialization, 1, 3
Socio-economic status, 130
Softball, 24, 91
South Africa, 21
Sparring, 9, 60–61, 63–67, 79–82, 134
Sport Australia, 45–46
Sport Canada, 129, 139–141
Student athlete, 10, 17, 88–89, 96
Surgery, 109–110
Surgical requirements, 50
Swimming, swimmers, 17, 22–23, 44, 77, 122
Swimming Australia, 49
Sydor, Alyson, 140
Synchronized swimming, 131
Testosterone, 2, 4–5, 17, 86, 89, 92, 130, 142–144
Thomas, Lia, 7, 16–18, 20–23, 93–94, 96, 142
Thorpe, Ian, 138–139
Title IX, 90, 106
Tokyo 2020 Olympics, 138
Toronto Newsgirls Boxing Club, 72
Track and field, 19
Trans inclusion policies, 7–8, 46, 94, 144
Transformation, transformative, 33, 36, 44, 66–67, 106, 130, 133, 146
Transition, 5, 16, 24, 62–63, 88, 92, 108–109
Transness, 7, 16, 18–24, 108
Transphobia, transphobic, 36, 68, 73, 81–82, 84, 89, 92, 97, 116, 123, 131, 133, 138, 146
Twitter, 135, 140–141
UCI (Union Cycliste Internationale), 130, 136
UCI World Cup, 17
Ultimate Frisbee, 131
Uniforms, sporting, 34, 82
USA Cyclocross, 17, 23
USA (United States of America), 16–20, 23, 77, 90, 95, 137–139, 141–142
U.S. Quidditch, 131
U.S. Ultimate, 131
Values, 3, 18, 21, 23, 32, 34, 45, 48–49, 51–53, 66, 83, 91–92, 138, 145
Violence, 7–9, 18–19, 21–22, 29–30, 34–35, 39, 40, 49, 65–66, 69, 108, 133, 144
Violent potential, 79–81
Weightlifting, 19
Whiteness, 10, 20, 23, 34, 125
White supremacy, white supremacist, 7, 16, 18–19, 21–22, 60, 82
Wolfe, Chelsea, 138
Working out, 120, 122
World Athletics, 50, 130, 144
World Rugby, 24
WNBA (Women’s National Basketball Association), 5, 10, 104, 108, 110
Youth, youth sport, 2, 44, 52, 130, 134
Education
, 2, 46–48, 51, 124
Eligibility
, 4–5, 17, 23, 48–49, 89, 95, 127, 130, 140, 146
Elite athletes
, 145–146
“Embodying disobedience”
, 107–110
Empowerment
, 120, 134–136
Ethics, ethical
, 31, 44, 52, 63, 135, 139, 142
Ethnicity
, 130
Europe, European
, 17, 34
“Evil deceiver”
, 20
Exploitation
, 32, 65, 140
Fairness
, 15–16, 22, 45–46, 48, 92, 107, 116, 130, 136, 138, 141–142, 144–145
Femininity
, 10, 21, 78, 93, 106–108, 117, 119–121, 124
Feminism, feminist
, 4, 8, 10, 24, 32, 34–35, 84, 104–106
Figure skating
, 133
FINA (Fédération Internationale de Natation)
, 106, 131, 136, 138
Fitness
, 32, 118
519 Community Centre, Toronto
, 132
Football (soccer)
, 30–31, 50, 110
Fox News
, 135
Franklin, Ursula
, 4
Friendship
, 3, 31, 123, 125
Futebol
, 7, 30–33, 37
Gender diversity, 45, 47, 106, 108, 110
Gendered sports categories, 118
Gender expression, 7, 9, 52, 94, 121, 130
Gender non-conforming, 10, 95–96, 115–119, 122–125
Gender verification, 106
Genders, 8, 44, 46, 52, 75, 83, 105, 130, 134, 135
Gentrification, 132
Girls, 2–3, 5, 7, 21, 50, 75, 79, 90, 93
Gleaves, John, 9, 73, 92–93
Glenn, Evelyn Nakano, 6
Green, Ellia, 136
Groves, Maddie, 138
Hapkido, 134
Healing justice, 9, 60–61, 64–66, 69, 145
Health, 44, 53, 91, 130
Hegemonic femininity, 3
Hegemony, 32–33, 93, 107
Heteronormativity, heteronormative, 20, 32–33, 35, 116, 122, 131
Heteropatriarchy, 60
Heterosexism, 7, 18
Heterosexual, heterosexuality, 5, 32, 35, 75, 77, 121, 123, 125
High performance athletes, 139–140
Hilton, Emma, 141
Homelessness, homeless people, 132
Homophobia, homophobic, 60, 81–82, 84, 110, 133, 146
Hormones, 50, 89, 92, 106, 135
Hormone suppression treatment, 89
Howe, Savoy, 72, 75
Hubbard, Laurel, 138
Human rights, 22, 33, 44, 46, 135
Ideologies, ideological, 7, 16, 18, 21, 33
Inclusion, 1, 5–7, 16–17, 21–22, 24, 43–51, 92–94, 116, 130–132, 142, 145
Indigenous peoples, Indigeneity, 3
International federations (IFs), 48, 130–131
International Olympic Committee (IOC), 45, 78, 94
International Olympic Committee Framework on Fairness, Inclusion and Non-discrimination, 45, 48, 130
Intersectional analysis, 131, 133
Intersex athletes, 3–4, 130
IOC Position Statement (2022), 48, 130–131, 137
Journalism, journalists, 135–136, 138
Joy, pleasure, 7–8, 10, 36, 39, 80, 125, 136
Justice, 31, 36
Killips, Austin, 7, 16–17, 20, 22
Law, legislation, 9, 90–91, 95, 117, 137
Ledecky, Katie, 22
Lehrbach, Tim, 9, 73, 75, 92–93
“Level playing field”, 16, 18–19
LGBTQ2S+ (lesbian/gay/bisexual/queer/2-spirited/+), 23, 88, 93–94, 96, 116–117, 122, 124–125, 133
Locker rooms, 10, 39, 93, 96
Lyon, Donna, 135
Major League Quidditch, 131
Martial arts, 2, 80, 134
Masculinity, masculinities, 10, 34, 39, 73, 77–79, 81, 108, 120–121, 125
Medals, 146
Media, 17–19, 22, 30, 35, 45, 49, 78, 82, 135–136, 138–139
Medical model, 135
Medicalized bodies, medicalization, 20
Memory work, 9, 87–88
Meninos Bons de Bola
, 7–8, 30–40
Misgendering, 118, 121
Misogyny, 73, 80–83, 121
Moral panic, 22, 111
Moreau, Sophia, 4–5
Mountain biking, 122–123
Muscles, muscular, 21–22, 39, 80
National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), 9–10, 17–18, 22, 88–92, 94–95
Nonbinary, 3, 5, 7–10, 44, 51, 72–73, 75–78, 81, 84, 104–105, 108–110, 133–134, 136, 138
Oates, Joyce Carol, 60, 63–64, 67, 75–76
Ohio, 17, 136
Olympic Games, Olympic sport, 78, 82
Pain, 9, 19, 60–61, 64, 67–68
Paris 2024 Olympics, 78, 138
Physiological equivalency, 142
Pielke, Roger, 4, 46, 81–82, 106, 137, 140–142
Pike, Jon, 141
Play, 2, 5–6, 10, 22, 33, 45, 50–51, 89, 95
Policy, 4, 7, 21, 24, 44, 48–50, 95, 133, 145–146
Politics, political, 6–7, 30, 32–36, 40, 105
Prejudice, 48
Professional sports, 10, 104, 106–107
Proud2Play, 45, 47, 50
Quadball, 131
Queer futures, 7, 22–24
Queer theory, 105–106, 117
Queer Trans Community Defence (QTCD), 132–133
Quinn, 108, 110, 138
Race, 8–10, 16–17, 23–24, 63, 73, 81–83, 88, 91, 104, 107, 125
Racialized bodies/athletes, 8
Racism, racist, 2, 10, 18, 24, 60, 68, 107, 132, 146
Radical transformation, 129–130
Rage, anger, 9, 60–61, 64–65, 67–68, 80–81
Rapinoe, Megan, 138
Recommendations, 95, 129–130
Recreational sport, 10, 130
Reform, 129–130, 133
“Regimes of looking”, 20
Registration forms, 50–51
Regulations, 45
Republicans (US), 136
Resistance, 1–7, 33, 35–36, 40, 48, 60, 78, 109, 118, 120, 145
Respectability, 20
Richards, Renée, 22, 106
RIDE (cycling group), 23
Rights, 22, 33, 90, 136
Rock climbing, 44, 122
Rowing, 88–89, 91
Rugby, 24, 77, 136
Safety, 51, 78, 118, 122–123, 130
“Save Women’s Sport”, 17–18, 144
Science, 4, 8, 137–138, 143
Scotland, 137
Semenya, Caster, 4–5
Sexism, 60, 121, 146
Sexual abuse, 133, 135
Sexual harassment, 18
Sexualities, 8, 93, 117, 122
Shields, Claressa, 73–74
Skateboarders, 110, 136, 138
Smith, Alana, 110
Soccer, 7, 30–33, 108, 138, 140
Social justice, 23, 60–61, 65, 108, 129, 133
Social media, 5, 18, 109, 139
Socialization, 1, 3
Socio-economic status, 130
Softball, 24, 91
South Africa, 21
Sparring, 9, 60–61, 63–67, 79–82, 134
Sport Australia, 45–46
Sport Canada, 129, 139–141
Student athlete, 10, 17, 88–89, 96
Surgery, 109–110
Surgical requirements, 50
Swimming, swimmers, 17, 22–23, 44, 77, 122
Swimming Australia, 49
Sydor, Alyson, 140
Synchronized swimming, 131
Testosterone, 2, 4–5, 17, 86, 89, 92, 130, 142–144
Thomas, Lia, 7, 16–18, 20–23, 93–94, 96, 142
Thorpe, Ian, 138–139
Title IX, 90, 106
Tokyo 2020 Olympics, 138
Toronto Newsgirls Boxing Club, 72
Track and field, 19
Trans inclusion policies, 7–8, 46, 94, 144
Transformation, transformative, 33, 36, 44, 66–67, 106, 130, 133, 146
Transition, 5, 16, 24, 62–63, 88, 92, 108–109
Transness, 7, 16, 18–24, 108
Transphobia, transphobic, 36, 68, 73, 81–82, 84, 89, 92, 97, 116, 123, 131, 133, 138, 146
Twitter, 135, 140–141
UCI (Union Cycliste Internationale), 130, 136
UCI World Cup, 17
Ultimate Frisbee, 131
Uniforms, sporting, 34, 82
USA Cyclocross, 17, 23
USA (United States of America), 16–20, 23, 77, 90, 95, 137–139, 141–142
U.S. Quidditch, 131
U.S. Ultimate, 131
Values, 3, 18, 21, 23, 32, 34, 45, 48–49, 51–53, 66, 83, 91–92, 138, 145
Violence, 7–9, 18–19, 21–22, 29–30, 34–35, 39, 40, 49, 65–66, 69, 108, 133, 144
Violent potential, 79–81
Weightlifting, 19
Whiteness, 10, 20, 23, 34, 125
White supremacy, white supremacist, 7, 16, 18–19, 21–22, 60, 82
Wolfe, Chelsea, 138
Working out, 120, 122
World Athletics, 50, 130, 144
World Rugby, 24
WNBA (Women’s National Basketball Association), 5, 10, 104, 108, 110
Youth, youth sport, 2, 44, 52, 130, 134
Gender diversity
, 45, 47, 106, 108, 110
Gendered sports categories
, 118
Gender expression
, 7, 9, 52, 94, 121, 130
Gender non-conforming
, 10, 95–96, 115–119, 122–125
Gender verification
, 106
Genders
, 8, 44, 46, 52, 75, 83, 105, 130, 134, 135
Gentrification
, 132
Girls
, 2–3, 5, 7, 21, 50, 75, 79, 90, 93
Gleaves, John
, 9, 73, 92–93
Glenn, Evelyn Nakano
, 6
Green, Ellia
, 136
Groves, Maddie
, 138
Hapkido
, 134
Healing justice
, 9, 60–61, 64–66, 69, 145
Health
, 44, 53, 91, 130
Hegemonic femininity
, 3
Hegemony
, 32–33, 93, 107
Heteronormativity, heteronormative
, 20, 32–33, 35, 116, 122, 131
Heteropatriarchy
, 60
Heterosexism
, 7, 18
Heterosexual, heterosexuality
, 5, 32, 35, 75, 77, 121, 123, 125
High performance athletes
, 139–140
Hilton, Emma
, 141
Homelessness, homeless people
, 132
Homophobia, homophobic
, 60, 81–82, 84, 110, 133, 146
Hormones
, 50, 89, 92, 106, 135
Hormone suppression treatment
, 89
Howe, Savoy
, 72, 75
Hubbard, Laurel
, 138
Human rights
, 22, 33, 44, 46, 135
Ideologies, ideological, 7, 16, 18, 21, 33
Inclusion, 1, 5–7, 16–17, 21–22, 24, 43–51, 92–94, 116, 130–132, 142, 145
Indigenous peoples, Indigeneity, 3
International federations (IFs), 48, 130–131
International Olympic Committee (IOC), 45, 78, 94
International Olympic Committee Framework on Fairness, Inclusion and Non-discrimination, 45, 48, 130
Intersectional analysis, 131, 133
Intersex athletes, 3–4, 130
IOC Position Statement (2022), 48, 130–131, 137
Journalism, journalists, 135–136, 138
Joy, pleasure, 7–8, 10, 36, 39, 80, 125, 136
Justice, 31, 36
Killips, Austin, 7, 16–17, 20, 22
Law, legislation, 9, 90–91, 95, 117, 137
Ledecky, Katie, 22
Lehrbach, Tim, 9, 73, 75, 92–93
“Level playing field”, 16, 18–19
LGBTQ2S+ (lesbian/gay/bisexual/queer/2-spirited/+), 23, 88, 93–94, 96, 116–117, 122, 124–125, 133
Locker rooms, 10, 39, 93, 96
Lyon, Donna, 135
Major League Quidditch, 131
Martial arts, 2, 80, 134
Masculinity, masculinities, 10, 34, 39, 73, 77–79, 81, 108, 120–121, 125
Medals, 146
Media, 17–19, 22, 30, 35, 45, 49, 78, 82, 135–136, 138–139
Medical model, 135
Medicalized bodies, medicalization, 20
Memory work, 9, 87–88
Meninos Bons de Bola
, 7–8, 30–40
Misgendering, 118, 121
Misogyny, 73, 80–83, 121
Moral panic, 22, 111
Moreau, Sophia, 4–5
Mountain biking, 122–123
Muscles, muscular, 21–22, 39, 80
National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), 9–10, 17–18, 22, 88–92, 94–95
Nonbinary, 3, 5, 7–10, 44, 51, 72–73, 75–78, 81, 84, 104–105, 108–110, 133–134, 136, 138
Oates, Joyce Carol, 60, 63–64, 67, 75–76
Ohio, 17, 136
Olympic Games, Olympic sport, 78, 82
Pain, 9, 19, 60–61, 64, 67–68
Paris 2024 Olympics, 78, 138
Physiological equivalency, 142
Pielke, Roger, 4, 46, 81–82, 106, 137, 140–142
Pike, Jon, 141
Play, 2, 5–6, 10, 22, 33, 45, 50–51, 89, 95
Policy, 4, 7, 21, 24, 44, 48–50, 95, 133, 145–146
Politics, political, 6–7, 30, 32–36, 40, 105
Prejudice, 48
Professional sports, 10, 104, 106–107
Proud2Play, 45, 47, 50
Quadball, 131
Queer futures, 7, 22–24
Queer theory, 105–106, 117
Queer Trans Community Defence (QTCD), 132–133
Quinn, 108, 110, 138
Race, 8–10, 16–17, 23–24, 63, 73, 81–83, 88, 91, 104, 107, 125
Racialized bodies/athletes, 8
Racism, racist, 2, 10, 18, 24, 60, 68, 107, 132, 146
Radical transformation, 129–130
Rage, anger, 9, 60–61, 64–65, 67–68, 80–81
Rapinoe, Megan, 138
Recommendations, 95, 129–130
Recreational sport, 10, 130
Reform, 129–130, 133
“Regimes of looking”, 20
Registration forms, 50–51
Regulations, 45
Republicans (US), 136
Resistance, 1–7, 33, 35–36, 40, 48, 60, 78, 109, 118, 120, 145
Respectability, 20
Richards, Renée, 22, 106
RIDE (cycling group), 23
Rights, 22, 33, 90, 136
Rock climbing, 44, 122
Rowing, 88–89, 91
Rugby, 24, 77, 136
Safety, 51, 78, 118, 122–123, 130
“Save Women’s Sport”, 17–18, 144
Science, 4, 8, 137–138, 143
Scotland, 137
Semenya, Caster, 4–5
Sexism, 60, 121, 146
Sexual abuse, 133, 135
Sexual harassment, 18
Sexualities, 8, 93, 117, 122
Shields, Claressa, 73–74
Skateboarders, 110, 136, 138
Smith, Alana, 110
Soccer, 7, 30–33, 108, 138, 140
Social justice, 23, 60–61, 65, 108, 129, 133
Social media, 5, 18, 109, 139
Socialization, 1, 3
Socio-economic status, 130
Softball, 24, 91
South Africa, 21
Sparring, 9, 60–61, 63–67, 79–82, 134
Sport Australia, 45–46
Sport Canada, 129, 139–141
Student athlete, 10, 17, 88–89, 96
Surgery, 109–110
Surgical requirements, 50
Swimming, swimmers, 17, 22–23, 44, 77, 122
Swimming Australia, 49
Sydor, Alyson, 140
Synchronized swimming, 131
Testosterone, 2, 4–5, 17, 86, 89, 92, 130, 142–144
Thomas, Lia, 7, 16–18, 20–23, 93–94, 96, 142
Thorpe, Ian, 138–139
Title IX, 90, 106
Tokyo 2020 Olympics, 138
Toronto Newsgirls Boxing Club, 72
Track and field, 19
Trans inclusion policies, 7–8, 46, 94, 144
Transformation, transformative, 33, 36, 44, 66–67, 106, 130, 133, 146
Transition, 5, 16, 24, 62–63, 88, 92, 108–109
Transness, 7, 16, 18–24, 108
Transphobia, transphobic, 36, 68, 73, 81–82, 84, 89, 92, 97, 116, 123, 131, 133, 138, 146
Twitter, 135, 140–141
UCI (Union Cycliste Internationale), 130, 136
UCI World Cup, 17
Ultimate Frisbee, 131
Uniforms, sporting, 34, 82
USA Cyclocross, 17, 23
USA (United States of America), 16–20, 23, 77, 90, 95, 137–139, 141–142
U.S. Quidditch, 131
U.S. Ultimate, 131
Values, 3, 18, 21, 23, 32, 34, 45, 48–49, 51–53, 66, 83, 91–92, 138, 145
Violence, 7–9, 18–19, 21–22, 29–30, 34–35, 39, 40, 49, 65–66, 69, 108, 133, 144
Violent potential, 79–81
Weightlifting, 19
Whiteness, 10, 20, 23, 34, 125
White supremacy, white supremacist, 7, 16, 18–19, 21–22, 60, 82
Wolfe, Chelsea, 138
Working out, 120, 122
World Athletics, 50, 130, 144
World Rugby, 24
WNBA (Women’s National Basketball Association), 5, 10, 104, 108, 110
Youth, youth sport, 2, 44, 52, 130, 134
Ideologies, ideological
, 7, 16, 18, 21, 33
Inclusion
, 1, 5–7, 16–17, 21–22, 24, 43–51, 92–94, 116, 130–132, 142, 145
Indigenous peoples, Indigeneity
, 3
International federations (IFs)
, 48, 130–131
International Olympic Committee (IOC)
, 45, 78, 94
International Olympic Committee Framework on Fairness, Inclusion and Non-discrimination
, 45, 48, 130
Intersectional analysis
, 131, 133
Intersex athletes
, 3–4, 130
IOC Position Statement (2022)
, 48, 130–131, 137
Journalism, journalists
, 135–136, 138
Joy, pleasure
, 7–8, 10, 36, 39, 80, 125, 136
Justice
, 31, 36
Killips, Austin, 7, 16–17, 20, 22
Law, legislation, 9, 90–91, 95, 117, 137
Ledecky, Katie, 22
Lehrbach, Tim, 9, 73, 75, 92–93
“Level playing field”, 16, 18–19
LGBTQ2S+ (lesbian/gay/bisexual/queer/2-spirited/+), 23, 88, 93–94, 96, 116–117, 122, 124–125, 133
Locker rooms, 10, 39, 93, 96
Lyon, Donna, 135
Major League Quidditch, 131
Martial arts, 2, 80, 134
Masculinity, masculinities, 10, 34, 39, 73, 77–79, 81, 108, 120–121, 125
Medals, 146
Media, 17–19, 22, 30, 35, 45, 49, 78, 82, 135–136, 138–139
Medical model, 135
Medicalized bodies, medicalization, 20
Memory work, 9, 87–88
Meninos Bons de Bola
, 7–8, 30–40
Misgendering, 118, 121
Misogyny, 73, 80–83, 121
Moral panic, 22, 111
Moreau, Sophia, 4–5
Mountain biking, 122–123
Muscles, muscular, 21–22, 39, 80
National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), 9–10, 17–18, 22, 88–92, 94–95
Nonbinary, 3, 5, 7–10, 44, 51, 72–73, 75–78, 81, 84, 104–105, 108–110, 133–134, 136, 138
Oates, Joyce Carol, 60, 63–64, 67, 75–76
Ohio, 17, 136
Olympic Games, Olympic sport, 78, 82
Pain, 9, 19, 60–61, 64, 67–68
Paris 2024 Olympics, 78, 138
Physiological equivalency, 142
Pielke, Roger, 4, 46, 81–82, 106, 137, 140–142
Pike, Jon, 141
Play, 2, 5–6, 10, 22, 33, 45, 50–51, 89, 95
Policy, 4, 7, 21, 24, 44, 48–50, 95, 133, 145–146
Politics, political, 6–7, 30, 32–36, 40, 105
Prejudice, 48
Professional sports, 10, 104, 106–107
Proud2Play, 45, 47, 50
Quadball, 131
Queer futures, 7, 22–24
Queer theory, 105–106, 117
Queer Trans Community Defence (QTCD), 132–133
Quinn, 108, 110, 138
Race, 8–10, 16–17, 23–24, 63, 73, 81–83, 88, 91, 104, 107, 125
Racialized bodies/athletes, 8
Racism, racist, 2, 10, 18, 24, 60, 68, 107, 132, 146
Radical transformation, 129–130
Rage, anger, 9, 60–61, 64–65, 67–68, 80–81
Rapinoe, Megan, 138
Recommendations, 95, 129–130
Recreational sport, 10, 130
Reform, 129–130, 133
“Regimes of looking”, 20
Registration forms, 50–51
Regulations, 45
Republicans (US), 136
Resistance, 1–7, 33, 35–36, 40, 48, 60, 78, 109, 118, 120, 145
Respectability, 20
Richards, Renée, 22, 106
RIDE (cycling group), 23
Rights, 22, 33, 90, 136
Rock climbing, 44, 122
Rowing, 88–89, 91
Rugby, 24, 77, 136
Safety, 51, 78, 118, 122–123, 130
“Save Women’s Sport”, 17–18, 144
Science, 4, 8, 137–138, 143
Scotland, 137
Semenya, Caster, 4–5
Sexism, 60, 121, 146
Sexual abuse, 133, 135
Sexual harassment, 18
Sexualities, 8, 93, 117, 122
Shields, Claressa, 73–74
Skateboarders, 110, 136, 138
Smith, Alana, 110
Soccer, 7, 30–33, 108, 138, 140
Social justice, 23, 60–61, 65, 108, 129, 133
Social media, 5, 18, 109, 139
Socialization, 1, 3
Socio-economic status, 130
Softball, 24, 91
South Africa, 21
Sparring, 9, 60–61, 63–67, 79–82, 134
Sport Australia, 45–46
Sport Canada, 129, 139–141
Student athlete, 10, 17, 88–89, 96
Surgery, 109–110
Surgical requirements, 50
Swimming, swimmers, 17, 22–23, 44, 77, 122
Swimming Australia, 49
Sydor, Alyson, 140
Synchronized swimming, 131
Testosterone, 2, 4–5, 17, 86, 89, 92, 130, 142–144
Thomas, Lia, 7, 16–18, 20–23, 93–94, 96, 142
Thorpe, Ian, 138–139
Title IX, 90, 106
Tokyo 2020 Olympics, 138
Toronto Newsgirls Boxing Club, 72
Track and field, 19
Trans inclusion policies, 7–8, 46, 94, 144
Transformation, transformative, 33, 36, 44, 66–67, 106, 130, 133, 146
Transition, 5, 16, 24, 62–63, 88, 92, 108–109
Transness, 7, 16, 18–24, 108
Transphobia, transphobic, 36, 68, 73, 81–82, 84, 89, 92, 97, 116, 123, 131, 133, 138, 146
Twitter, 135, 140–141
UCI (Union Cycliste Internationale), 130, 136
UCI World Cup, 17
Ultimate Frisbee, 131
Uniforms, sporting, 34, 82
USA Cyclocross, 17, 23
USA (United States of America), 16–20, 23, 77, 90, 95, 137–139, 141–142
U.S. Quidditch, 131
U.S. Ultimate, 131
Values, 3, 18, 21, 23, 32, 34, 45, 48–49, 51–53, 66, 83, 91–92, 138, 145
Violence, 7–9, 18–19, 21–22, 29–30, 34–35, 39, 40, 49, 65–66, 69, 108, 133, 144
Violent potential, 79–81
Weightlifting, 19
Whiteness, 10, 20, 23, 34, 125
White supremacy, white supremacist, 7, 16, 18–19, 21–22, 60, 82
Wolfe, Chelsea, 138
Working out, 120, 122
World Athletics, 50, 130, 144
World Rugby, 24
WNBA (Women’s National Basketball Association), 5, 10, 104, 108, 110
Youth, youth sport, 2, 44, 52, 130, 134
Killips, Austin
, 7, 16–17, 20, 22
Law, legislation
, 9, 90–91, 95, 117, 137
Ledecky, Katie
, 22
Lehrbach, Tim
, 9, 73, 75, 92–93
“Level playing field”
, 16, 18–19
LGBTQ2S+ (lesbian/gay/bisexual/queer/2-spirited/+)
, 23, 88, 93–94, 96, 116–117, 122, 124–125, 133
Locker rooms
, 10, 39, 93, 96
Lyon, Donna
, 135
Major League Quidditch, 131
Martial arts, 2, 80, 134
Masculinity, masculinities, 10, 34, 39, 73, 77–79, 81, 108, 120–121, 125
Medals, 146
Media, 17–19, 22, 30, 35, 45, 49, 78, 82, 135–136, 138–139
Medical model, 135
Medicalized bodies, medicalization, 20
Memory work, 9, 87–88
Meninos Bons de Bola
, 7–8, 30–40
Misgendering, 118, 121
Misogyny, 73, 80–83, 121
Moral panic, 22, 111
Moreau, Sophia, 4–5
Mountain biking, 122–123
Muscles, muscular, 21–22, 39, 80
National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), 9–10, 17–18, 22, 88–92, 94–95
Nonbinary, 3, 5, 7–10, 44, 51, 72–73, 75–78, 81, 84, 104–105, 108–110, 133–134, 136, 138
Oates, Joyce Carol, 60, 63–64, 67, 75–76
Ohio, 17, 136
Olympic Games, Olympic sport, 78, 82
Pain, 9, 19, 60–61, 64, 67–68
Paris 2024 Olympics, 78, 138
Physiological equivalency, 142
Pielke, Roger, 4, 46, 81–82, 106, 137, 140–142
Pike, Jon, 141
Play, 2, 5–6, 10, 22, 33, 45, 50–51, 89, 95
Policy, 4, 7, 21, 24, 44, 48–50, 95, 133, 145–146
Politics, political, 6–7, 30, 32–36, 40, 105
Prejudice, 48
Professional sports, 10, 104, 106–107
Proud2Play, 45, 47, 50
Quadball, 131
Queer futures, 7, 22–24
Queer theory, 105–106, 117
Queer Trans Community Defence (QTCD), 132–133
Quinn, 108, 110, 138
Race, 8–10, 16–17, 23–24, 63, 73, 81–83, 88, 91, 104, 107, 125
Racialized bodies/athletes, 8
Racism, racist, 2, 10, 18, 24, 60, 68, 107, 132, 146
Radical transformation, 129–130
Rage, anger, 9, 60–61, 64–65, 67–68, 80–81
Rapinoe, Megan, 138
Recommendations, 95, 129–130
Recreational sport, 10, 130
Reform, 129–130, 133
“Regimes of looking”, 20
Registration forms, 50–51
Regulations, 45
Republicans (US), 136
Resistance, 1–7, 33, 35–36, 40, 48, 60, 78, 109, 118, 120, 145
Respectability, 20
Richards, Renée, 22, 106
RIDE (cycling group), 23
Rights, 22, 33, 90, 136
Rock climbing, 44, 122
Rowing, 88–89, 91
Rugby, 24, 77, 136
Safety, 51, 78, 118, 122–123, 130
“Save Women’s Sport”, 17–18, 144
Science, 4, 8, 137–138, 143
Scotland, 137
Semenya, Caster, 4–5
Sexism, 60, 121, 146
Sexual abuse, 133, 135
Sexual harassment, 18
Sexualities, 8, 93, 117, 122
Shields, Claressa, 73–74
Skateboarders, 110, 136, 138
Smith, Alana, 110
Soccer, 7, 30–33, 108, 138, 140
Social justice, 23, 60–61, 65, 108, 129, 133
Social media, 5, 18, 109, 139
Socialization, 1, 3
Socio-economic status, 130
Softball, 24, 91
South Africa, 21
Sparring, 9, 60–61, 63–67, 79–82, 134
Sport Australia, 45–46
Sport Canada, 129, 139–141
Student athlete, 10, 17, 88–89, 96
Surgery, 109–110
Surgical requirements, 50
Swimming, swimmers, 17, 22–23, 44, 77, 122
Swimming Australia, 49
Sydor, Alyson, 140
Synchronized swimming, 131
Testosterone, 2, 4–5, 17, 86, 89, 92, 130, 142–144
Thomas, Lia, 7, 16–18, 20–23, 93–94, 96, 142
Thorpe, Ian, 138–139
Title IX, 90, 106
Tokyo 2020 Olympics, 138
Toronto Newsgirls Boxing Club, 72
Track and field, 19
Trans inclusion policies, 7–8, 46, 94, 144
Transformation, transformative, 33, 36, 44, 66–67, 106, 130, 133, 146
Transition, 5, 16, 24, 62–63, 88, 92, 108–109
Transness, 7, 16, 18–24, 108
Transphobia, transphobic, 36, 68, 73, 81–82, 84, 89, 92, 97, 116, 123, 131, 133, 138, 146
Twitter, 135, 140–141
UCI (Union Cycliste Internationale), 130, 136
UCI World Cup, 17
Ultimate Frisbee, 131
Uniforms, sporting, 34, 82
USA Cyclocross, 17, 23
USA (United States of America), 16–20, 23, 77, 90, 95, 137–139, 141–142
U.S. Quidditch, 131
U.S. Ultimate, 131
Values, 3, 18, 21, 23, 32, 34, 45, 48–49, 51–53, 66, 83, 91–92, 138, 145
Violence, 7–9, 18–19, 21–22, 29–30, 34–35, 39, 40, 49, 65–66, 69, 108, 133, 144
Violent potential, 79–81
Weightlifting, 19
Whiteness, 10, 20, 23, 34, 125
White supremacy, white supremacist, 7, 16, 18–19, 21–22, 60, 82
Wolfe, Chelsea, 138
Working out, 120, 122
World Athletics, 50, 130, 144
World Rugby, 24
WNBA (Women’s National Basketball Association), 5, 10, 104, 108, 110
Youth, youth sport, 2, 44, 52, 130, 134
Major League Quidditch
, 131
Martial arts
, 2, 80, 134
Masculinity, masculinities
, 10, 34, 39, 73, 77–79, 81, 108, 120–121, 125
Medals
, 146
Media
, 17–19, 22, 30, 35, 45, 49, 78, 82, 135–136, 138–139
Medical model
, 135
Medicalized bodies, medicalization
, 20
Memory work
, 9, 87–88
Meninos Bons de Bola
, 7–8, 30–40
Misgendering
, 118, 121
Misogyny
, 73, 80–83, 121
Moral panic
, 22, 111
Moreau, Sophia
, 4–5
Mountain biking
, 122–123
Muscles, muscular
, 21–22, 39, 80
National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)
, 9–10, 17–18, 22, 88–92, 94–95
Nonbinary
, 3, 5, 7–10, 44, 51, 72–73, 75–78, 81, 84, 104–105, 108–110, 133–134, 136, 138
Oates, Joyce Carol, 60, 63–64, 67, 75–76
Ohio, 17, 136
Olympic Games, Olympic sport, 78, 82
Pain, 9, 19, 60–61, 64, 67–68
Paris 2024 Olympics, 78, 138
Physiological equivalency, 142
Pielke, Roger, 4, 46, 81–82, 106, 137, 140–142
Pike, Jon, 141
Play, 2, 5–6, 10, 22, 33, 45, 50–51, 89, 95
Policy, 4, 7, 21, 24, 44, 48–50, 95, 133, 145–146
Politics, political, 6–7, 30, 32–36, 40, 105
Prejudice, 48
Professional sports, 10, 104, 106–107
Proud2Play, 45, 47, 50
Quadball, 131
Queer futures, 7, 22–24
Queer theory, 105–106, 117
Queer Trans Community Defence (QTCD), 132–133
Quinn, 108, 110, 138
Race, 8–10, 16–17, 23–24, 63, 73, 81–83, 88, 91, 104, 107, 125
Racialized bodies/athletes, 8
Racism, racist, 2, 10, 18, 24, 60, 68, 107, 132, 146
Radical transformation, 129–130
Rage, anger, 9, 60–61, 64–65, 67–68, 80–81
Rapinoe, Megan, 138
Recommendations, 95, 129–130
Recreational sport, 10, 130
Reform, 129–130, 133
“Regimes of looking”, 20
Registration forms, 50–51
Regulations, 45
Republicans (US), 136
Resistance, 1–7, 33, 35–36, 40, 48, 60, 78, 109, 118, 120, 145
Respectability, 20
Richards, Renée, 22, 106
RIDE (cycling group), 23
Rights, 22, 33, 90, 136
Rock climbing, 44, 122
Rowing, 88–89, 91
Rugby, 24, 77, 136
Safety, 51, 78, 118, 122–123, 130
“Save Women’s Sport”, 17–18, 144
Science, 4, 8, 137–138, 143
Scotland, 137
Semenya, Caster, 4–5
Sexism, 60, 121, 146
Sexual abuse, 133, 135
Sexual harassment, 18
Sexualities, 8, 93, 117, 122
Shields, Claressa, 73–74
Skateboarders, 110, 136, 138
Smith, Alana, 110
Soccer, 7, 30–33, 108, 138, 140
Social justice, 23, 60–61, 65, 108, 129, 133
Social media, 5, 18, 109, 139
Socialization, 1, 3
Socio-economic status, 130
Softball, 24, 91
South Africa, 21
Sparring, 9, 60–61, 63–67, 79–82, 134
Sport Australia, 45–46
Sport Canada, 129, 139–141
Student athlete, 10, 17, 88–89, 96
Surgery, 109–110
Surgical requirements, 50
Swimming, swimmers, 17, 22–23, 44, 77, 122
Swimming Australia, 49
Sydor, Alyson, 140
Synchronized swimming, 131
Testosterone, 2, 4–5, 17, 86, 89, 92, 130, 142–144
Thomas, Lia, 7, 16–18, 20–23, 93–94, 96, 142
Thorpe, Ian, 138–139
Title IX, 90, 106
Tokyo 2020 Olympics, 138
Toronto Newsgirls Boxing Club, 72
Track and field, 19
Trans inclusion policies, 7–8, 46, 94, 144
Transformation, transformative, 33, 36, 44, 66–67, 106, 130, 133, 146
Transition, 5, 16, 24, 62–63, 88, 92, 108–109
Transness, 7, 16, 18–24, 108
Transphobia, transphobic, 36, 68, 73, 81–82, 84, 89, 92, 97, 116, 123, 131, 133, 138, 146
Twitter, 135, 140–141
UCI (Union Cycliste Internationale), 130, 136
UCI World Cup, 17
Ultimate Frisbee, 131
Uniforms, sporting, 34, 82
USA Cyclocross, 17, 23
USA (United States of America), 16–20, 23, 77, 90, 95, 137–139, 141–142
U.S. Quidditch, 131
U.S. Ultimate, 131
Values, 3, 18, 21, 23, 32, 34, 45, 48–49, 51–53, 66, 83, 91–92, 138, 145
Violence, 7–9, 18–19, 21–22, 29–30, 34–35, 39, 40, 49, 65–66, 69, 108, 133, 144
Violent potential, 79–81
Weightlifting, 19
Whiteness, 10, 20, 23, 34, 125
White supremacy, white supremacist, 7, 16, 18–19, 21–22, 60, 82
Wolfe, Chelsea, 138
Working out, 120, 122
World Athletics, 50, 130, 144
World Rugby, 24
WNBA (Women’s National Basketball Association), 5, 10, 104, 108, 110
Youth, youth sport, 2, 44, 52, 130, 134
Oates, Joyce Carol
, 60, 63–64, 67, 75–76
Ohio
, 17, 136
Olympic Games, Olympic sport
, 78, 82
Pain
, 9, 19, 60–61, 64, 67–68
Paris 2024 Olympics
, 78, 138
Physiological equivalency
, 142
Pielke, Roger
, 4, 46, 81–82, 106, 137, 140–142
Pike, Jon
, 141
Play
, 2, 5–6, 10, 22, 33, 45, 50–51, 89, 95
Policy
, 4, 7, 21, 24, 44, 48–50, 95, 133, 145–146
Politics, political
, 6–7, 30, 32–36, 40, 105
Prejudice
, 48
Professional sports
, 10, 104, 106–107
Proud2Play
, 45, 47, 50
Quadball, 131
Queer futures, 7, 22–24
Queer theory, 105–106, 117
Queer Trans Community Defence (QTCD), 132–133
Quinn, 108, 110, 138
Race, 8–10, 16–17, 23–24, 63, 73, 81–83, 88, 91, 104, 107, 125
Racialized bodies/athletes, 8
Racism, racist, 2, 10, 18, 24, 60, 68, 107, 132, 146
Radical transformation, 129–130
Rage, anger, 9, 60–61, 64–65, 67–68, 80–81
Rapinoe, Megan, 138
Recommendations, 95, 129–130
Recreational sport, 10, 130
Reform, 129–130, 133
“Regimes of looking”, 20
Registration forms, 50–51
Regulations, 45
Republicans (US), 136
Resistance, 1–7, 33, 35–36, 40, 48, 60, 78, 109, 118, 120, 145
Respectability, 20
Richards, Renée, 22, 106
RIDE (cycling group), 23
Rights, 22, 33, 90, 136
Rock climbing, 44, 122
Rowing, 88–89, 91
Rugby, 24, 77, 136
Safety, 51, 78, 118, 122–123, 130
“Save Women’s Sport”, 17–18, 144
Science, 4, 8, 137–138, 143
Scotland, 137
Semenya, Caster, 4–5
Sexism, 60, 121, 146
Sexual abuse, 133, 135
Sexual harassment, 18
Sexualities, 8, 93, 117, 122
Shields, Claressa, 73–74
Skateboarders, 110, 136, 138
Smith, Alana, 110
Soccer, 7, 30–33, 108, 138, 140
Social justice, 23, 60–61, 65, 108, 129, 133
Social media, 5, 18, 109, 139
Socialization, 1, 3
Socio-economic status, 130
Softball, 24, 91
South Africa, 21
Sparring, 9, 60–61, 63–67, 79–82, 134
Sport Australia, 45–46
Sport Canada, 129, 139–141
Student athlete, 10, 17, 88–89, 96
Surgery, 109–110
Surgical requirements, 50
Swimming, swimmers, 17, 22–23, 44, 77, 122
Swimming Australia, 49
Sydor, Alyson, 140
Synchronized swimming, 131
Testosterone, 2, 4–5, 17, 86, 89, 92, 130, 142–144
Thomas, Lia, 7, 16–18, 20–23, 93–94, 96, 142
Thorpe, Ian, 138–139
Title IX, 90, 106
Tokyo 2020 Olympics, 138
Toronto Newsgirls Boxing Club, 72
Track and field, 19
Trans inclusion policies, 7–8, 46, 94, 144
Transformation, transformative, 33, 36, 44, 66–67, 106, 130, 133, 146
Transition, 5, 16, 24, 62–63, 88, 92, 108–109
Transness, 7, 16, 18–24, 108
Transphobia, transphobic, 36, 68, 73, 81–82, 84, 89, 92, 97, 116, 123, 131, 133, 138, 146
Twitter, 135, 140–141
UCI (Union Cycliste Internationale), 130, 136
UCI World Cup, 17
Ultimate Frisbee, 131
Uniforms, sporting, 34, 82
USA Cyclocross, 17, 23
USA (United States of America), 16–20, 23, 77, 90, 95, 137–139, 141–142
U.S. Quidditch, 131
U.S. Ultimate, 131
Values, 3, 18, 21, 23, 32, 34, 45, 48–49, 51–53, 66, 83, 91–92, 138, 145
Violence, 7–9, 18–19, 21–22, 29–30, 34–35, 39, 40, 49, 65–66, 69, 108, 133, 144
Violent potential, 79–81
Weightlifting, 19
Whiteness, 10, 20, 23, 34, 125
White supremacy, white supremacist, 7, 16, 18–19, 21–22, 60, 82
Wolfe, Chelsea, 138
Working out, 120, 122
World Athletics, 50, 130, 144
World Rugby, 24
WNBA (Women’s National Basketball Association), 5, 10, 104, 108, 110
Youth, youth sport, 2, 44, 52, 130, 134
Quadball
, 131
Queer futures
, 7, 22–24
Queer theory
, 105–106, 117
Queer Trans Community Defence (QTCD)
, 132–133
Quinn
, 108, 110, 138
Race
, 8–10, 16–17, 23–24, 63, 73, 81–83, 88, 91, 104, 107, 125
Racialized bodies/athletes
, 8
Racism, racist
, 2, 10, 18, 24, 60, 68, 107, 132, 146
Radical transformation
, 129–130
Rage, anger
, 9, 60–61, 64–65, 67–68, 80–81
Rapinoe, Megan
, 138
Recommendations
, 95, 129–130
Recreational sport
, 10, 130
Reform
, 129–130, 133
“Regimes of looking”
, 20
Registration forms
, 50–51
Regulations
, 45
Republicans (US)
, 136
Resistance
, 1–7, 33, 35–36, 40, 48, 60, 78, 109, 118, 120, 145
Respectability
, 20
Richards, Renée
, 22, 106
RIDE (cycling group)
, 23
Rights
, 22, 33, 90, 136
Rock climbing
, 44, 122
Rowing
, 88–89, 91
Rugby
, 24, 77, 136
Safety, 51, 78, 118, 122–123, 130
“Save Women’s Sport”, 17–18, 144
Science, 4, 8, 137–138, 143
Scotland, 137
Semenya, Caster, 4–5
Sexism, 60, 121, 146
Sexual abuse, 133, 135
Sexual harassment, 18
Sexualities, 8, 93, 117, 122
Shields, Claressa, 73–74
Skateboarders, 110, 136, 138
Smith, Alana, 110
Soccer, 7, 30–33, 108, 138, 140
Social justice, 23, 60–61, 65, 108, 129, 133
Social media, 5, 18, 109, 139
Socialization, 1, 3
Socio-economic status, 130
Softball, 24, 91
South Africa, 21
Sparring, 9, 60–61, 63–67, 79–82, 134
Sport Australia, 45–46
Sport Canada, 129, 139–141
Student athlete, 10, 17, 88–89, 96
Surgery, 109–110
Surgical requirements, 50
Swimming, swimmers, 17, 22–23, 44, 77, 122
Swimming Australia, 49
Sydor, Alyson, 140
Synchronized swimming, 131
Testosterone, 2, 4–5, 17, 86, 89, 92, 130, 142–144
Thomas, Lia, 7, 16–18, 20–23, 93–94, 96, 142
Thorpe, Ian, 138–139
Title IX, 90, 106
Tokyo 2020 Olympics, 138
Toronto Newsgirls Boxing Club, 72
Track and field, 19
Trans inclusion policies, 7–8, 46, 94, 144
Transformation, transformative, 33, 36, 44, 66–67, 106, 130, 133, 146
Transition, 5, 16, 24, 62–63, 88, 92, 108–109
Transness, 7, 16, 18–24, 108
Transphobia, transphobic, 36, 68, 73, 81–82, 84, 89, 92, 97, 116, 123, 131, 133, 138, 146
Twitter, 135, 140–141
UCI (Union Cycliste Internationale), 130, 136
UCI World Cup, 17
Ultimate Frisbee, 131
Uniforms, sporting, 34, 82
USA Cyclocross, 17, 23
USA (United States of America), 16–20, 23, 77, 90, 95, 137–139, 141–142
U.S. Quidditch, 131
U.S. Ultimate, 131
Values, 3, 18, 21, 23, 32, 34, 45, 48–49, 51–53, 66, 83, 91–92, 138, 145
Violence, 7–9, 18–19, 21–22, 29–30, 34–35, 39, 40, 49, 65–66, 69, 108, 133, 144
Violent potential, 79–81
Weightlifting, 19
Whiteness, 10, 20, 23, 34, 125
White supremacy, white supremacist, 7, 16, 18–19, 21–22, 60, 82
Wolfe, Chelsea, 138
Working out, 120, 122
World Athletics, 50, 130, 144
World Rugby, 24
WNBA (Women’s National Basketball Association), 5, 10, 104, 108, 110
Youth, youth sport, 2, 44, 52, 130, 134
Safety
, 51, 78, 118, 122–123, 130
“Save Women’s Sport”
, 17–18, 144
Science
, 4, 8, 137–138, 143
Scotland
, 137
Semenya, Caster
, 4–5
Sexism
, 60, 121, 146
Sexual abuse
, 133, 135
Sexual harassment
, 18
Sexualities
, 8, 93, 117, 122
Shields, Claressa
, 73–74
Skateboarders
, 110, 136, 138
Smith, Alana
, 110
Soccer
, 7, 30–33, 108, 138, 140
Social justice
, 23, 60–61, 65, 108, 129, 133
Social media
, 5, 18, 109, 139
Socialization
, 1, 3
Socio-economic status
, 130
Softball
, 24, 91
South Africa
, 21
Sparring
, 9, 60–61, 63–67, 79–82, 134
Sport Australia
, 45–46
Sport Canada
, 129, 139–141
Student athlete
, 10, 17, 88–89, 96
Surgery
, 109–110
Surgical requirements
, 50
Swimming, swimmers
, 17, 22–23, 44, 77, 122
Swimming Australia
, 49
Sydor, Alyson
, 140
Synchronized swimming
, 131
Testosterone
, 2, 4–5, 17, 86, 89, 92, 130, 142–144
Thomas, Lia
, 7, 16–18, 20–23, 93–94, 96, 142
Thorpe, Ian
, 138–139
Title IX
, 90, 106
Tokyo 2020 Olympics
, 138
Toronto Newsgirls Boxing Club
, 72
Track and field
, 19
Trans inclusion policies
, 7–8, 46, 94, 144
Transformation, transformative
, 33, 36, 44, 66–67, 106, 130, 133, 146
Transition
, 5, 16, 24, 62–63, 88, 92, 108–109
Transness
, 7, 16, 18–24, 108
Transphobia, transphobic
, 36, 68, 73, 81–82, 84, 89, 92, 97, 116, 123, 131, 133, 138, 146
Twitter
, 135, 140–141
UCI (Union Cycliste Internationale), 130, 136
UCI World Cup, 17
Ultimate Frisbee, 131
Uniforms, sporting, 34, 82
USA Cyclocross, 17, 23
USA (United States of America), 16–20, 23, 77, 90, 95, 137–139, 141–142
U.S. Quidditch, 131
U.S. Ultimate, 131
Values, 3, 18, 21, 23, 32, 34, 45, 48–49, 51–53, 66, 83, 91–92, 138, 145
Violence, 7–9, 18–19, 21–22, 29–30, 34–35, 39, 40, 49, 65–66, 69, 108, 133, 144
Violent potential, 79–81
Weightlifting, 19
Whiteness, 10, 20, 23, 34, 125
White supremacy, white supremacist, 7, 16, 18–19, 21–22, 60, 82
Wolfe, Chelsea, 138
Working out, 120, 122
World Athletics, 50, 130, 144
World Rugby, 24
WNBA (Women’s National Basketball Association), 5, 10, 104, 108, 110
Youth, youth sport, 2, 44, 52, 130, 134
UCI (Union Cycliste Internationale)
, 130, 136
UCI World Cup
, 17
Ultimate Frisbee
, 131
Uniforms, sporting
, 34, 82
USA Cyclocross
, 17, 23
USA (United States of America)
, 16–20, 23, 77, 90, 95, 137–139, 141–142
U.S. Quidditch
, 131
U.S. Ultimate
, 131
Values
, 3, 18, 21, 23, 32, 34, 45, 48–49, 51–53, 66, 83, 91–92, 138, 145
Violence
, 7–9, 18–19, 21–22, 29–30, 34–35, 39, 40, 49, 65–66, 69, 108, 133, 144
Violent potential
, 79–81
Weightlifting, 19
Whiteness, 10, 20, 23, 34, 125
White supremacy, white supremacist, 7, 16, 18–19, 21–22, 60, 82
Wolfe, Chelsea, 138
Working out, 120, 122
World Athletics, 50, 130, 144
World Rugby, 24
WNBA (Women’s National Basketball Association), 5, 10, 104, 108, 110
Youth, youth sport, 2, 44, 52, 130, 134
Weightlifting
, 19
Whiteness
, 10, 20, 23, 34, 125
White supremacy, white supremacist
, 7, 16, 18–19, 21–22, 60, 82
Wolfe, Chelsea
, 138
Working out
, 120, 122
World Athletics
, 50, 130, 144
World Rugby
, 24
WNBA (Women’s National Basketball Association)
, 5, 10, 104, 108, 110
Youth, youth sport
, 2, 44, 52, 130, 134
- Prelims
- Chapter 1 Introduction: The Binary World of Sport: Belonging and Resistance
- Part 1 Trans Athletes' Resistance: The Sociocultural Context
- Chapter 2 Trans Athletes and the Limits of Recognition, Visibility and Intelligibility
- Chapter 3 The Locker Room Politics of the Meninos Bons de Bola and the Rise of the Right in Brazil
- Chapter 4 Policy on the Run: The Development of Trans and Gender Diverse Inclusion Policies in Community Sport in Australia
- Part 2 Autoethnography: A Methodology for Trans Athletes' Resistance
- Chapter 5 Slipping Into the Shadows: Boxing, Affect and Healing Justice
- Chapter 6 Bobbing and Weaving: A Nonbinary Boxer's Experiences of Sport, Gender and Resistance
- Chapter 7 Collateral Damage From Anti-Transgender US Legislation: Perspectives From a Transgender Student-Athlete
- Part 3 Trans Athletes' Resistance: Case Studies
- Chapter 8 Embodying Disobedience, Inciting Resistance: Nonbinary Athletes and the Limits of Gender in Sport
- Chapter 9 Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Persons' Experiences of Recreational Sport and Physical Activity
- Chapter 10 Conclusion: Resistance: The Way Forward
- Index