Accelerators and Business Membership Organizations (ABMO)

, 29–30

Acute respiratory syndrome

, 8

Adaptation/adjustment difficulty

, 193–194

Ad hoc natural disasters context

, 168

Africa

challenges of COVID-19 and entrepreneurship in

, 12–13

COVID-19 pandemic in

, 8

entrepreneurship in

, 8

post-COVID-19 entrepreneurial resilience in

, 170–171

African Union (AU)

, 15

Agile marketing organizations

, 167

Aging population

, 177

Agricultural development, hindrances to

, 158–159

Agripreneur

, 152

Albinitio

, 61

Alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR)

, 118

Amazon

, 3

American Marketing Association’s

, 172

Annan v Bin

, 154

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

, 46

Automation

, 46

Bank of America

, 40–41

Behavioural intention of social media

, 67

Brand awareness

, 74–76

customers choice

, 80–81

empirical evidence linking brand awareness to customer choice

, 77–79

levels

, 76–77

managerial implication

, 83

merchandising rely heavily on

, 74–75

Nigerian customers’ choices

, 81–82

and retention influence customer

, 74

sustainable model for brand awareness and customers choice

, 79

theoretical implication

, 83

Brands

, 73–74

recall

, 75

recognition

, 75

Business Development Service Providers (BDSP)

, 29–30

Businesses

, 2, 8, 40

continuity

, 12–13

innovation in

, 11

stability in

, 12–13

Buyers (B)

, 186

Capacity-building

, 105–106

Caterpillar

, 40–41

Catholic Bishop’s Conference of Nigeria (CBCN)

, 66

Citibank

, 40–41

Cohesive model

, 74–75

Commonwealth Health Corporation (CHC)

, 43

Community engagement

, 107

Compliance and preventive measures

, 185

Constrained environment, social entrepreneurs challenges in

, 32

Consumer sentiments on COVID-19 crisis

, 167

Containment

of COVID-19

, 100–101, 107

of disease

, 88–89

measures in Nigeria

, 95

of pandemic

, 88–89

Contemporary employment

, 14–15

Continuous quality improvement (CQI)

, 43

Cooperating partnership

, 15

Coronavirus (CoV)

, 2, 8–10, 88, 184

capacity-building

, 105–106

challenges and entrepreneurship in Africa

, 12–13

dynamics of COVID-19

, 91–94

executive actions

, 94–96

fake news and

, 57

and governance during disaster

, 89–91

governance of COVID-19 pandemic

, 91–107

governance process and outcome of COVID-19 medical interventions

, 107–113

incidence and effect in Nigeria

, 27–28

institutional and legislative frameworks

, 96–101

isolation and treatment centres

, 105

lessons, implications

, 113–115

medical management measures

, 101–107

methodology

, 91

opportunities created by COVID-19 for entrepreneurship in Africa

, 13–15

opportunities for social entrepreneurship in disguise

, 28–30

pandemic in Africa

, 8

phases of COVID-19 pandemic alert and response

, 102

regional distribution of COVID-19 cases

, 113

risk communication and community engagement

, 107

social media and

, 57

surveillance

, 104–105

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Health Protection Regulations 2021’

, 100

Corporate bodies

, 121

Corporate brand

, 73–74

COVID-19

, 1–2, 4, 144–145, 166, 184

advertising

, 174

in bid to foster customer satisfaction

, 41–42

channel

, 173

conceptual framework

, 178

consequences of COVID-19 induced business down cycles

, 171, 174

consumer materialism and consumer spiritualism

, 174–175

consumer sentiments on COVID-19 crisis

, 174–178

COVID-19-themed StartupWeekend occasion

, 4

economic challenges and entrepreneurial resilience in emerging economies

, 169–171

examining the transitory or permanent nature

, 175–178

fake news dissemination

, 60–62

future research suggestions

, 179–180

implications of new marketing paradigm

, 178–180

knowledge of COVID-19 mode of transmission

, 186, 188–189

knowledge of COVID-19 preventive measures

, 186, 188–189

knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms

, 186, 188–189

limitations of methodology

, 180

managerial implications

, 178–179

means of transmission and prevention

, 189–191

outbreak

, 46

pandemic

, 118, 120–121

policy implications

, 179

and PPE

, 121–122

price

, 173

product

, 172–173

protocols

, 168

purpose/cause-related marketing

, 172

Six Sigma efficiency during

, 40

and state of art in marketing

, 167–169

target customers

, 173

and technological trends in twenty-first century

, 45–47

technology context

, 168–169

transmission

, 184–185

Crisis communication

, 59–60

and social media crisis management

, 57–60

Crowd control

, 179–180

Curfews

, 179–180

Customary tenancy and sustainable post COVID-19 agricultural development in Nigeria

, 144

categorization

, 150–154

customary tenure

, 146–148

determination

, 153–154

development

, 160–162

land for grazing

, 158

under Land Use Act 1978

, 155–158

methodology

, 145

nature

, 148–154

objectives

, 145

Customary tenure

, 146–148

family/village head

, 147–148

individual v group ownership

, 146–147

Customer choice

, 80–81

empirical evidence linking brand awareness to

, 77–79

Nigerian

, 81–82

sustainable model for brand awareness and

, 79

Customers

, 76

connecting with

, 3

entrepreneurship-based SME on

, 2

loyalty

, 75

satisfaction

, 41–42

value and acquire

, 2–3

Cybercrime

, 55–57

Data management technologies

, 46

Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria (DICON)

, 122

Define-Measure-Analyse-Design-Verify (DMADV)

, 40–41

Define-Measure-Analyse-Improve and Control (DMAIC)

, 40–41

Design-thinking approach

, 43

‘Despite respondents’ awareness

, 193, 197

Development plan

, 15

Digital business networks

, 2

Digitalization

, 30

Disaster governance

, 90–91

Disruption of supply chain

, 13

Disruptive technology

, 40, 43–45

Down cycles

, 167

Dynamics of COVID-19

, 91–94

Earthquakes

, 168

Ebola virus disease

, 184, 197

Economic authenticity

, 3

Economic contraction

, 177

Economic impact of coronavirus

, 170

Economic Sustainability Committee (ESC)

, 96

Electricity

, 168

Electronic marketing activities

, 74–75

Emergency response operations centre (EOC)

, 59–60

Emerging economies

COVID-19

, 169–170

economic challenges and entrepreneurial resilience in

, 169–171

post-COVID-19 entrepreneurial resilience in Africa

, 170–171

Employment, contemporary

, 14–15

End SARS protest

, 55–57

End-Sars protest in Nigeria

, 58–59

social media communication during End-SARS protest among Nigerian Youths

, 62–66

woman protesting

, 62–66

English law

, 144, 147

Entrepreneurial resilience

, 167

Entrepreneurs

, 11

Entrepreneurship

, 8, 10–11

in Africa

, 8

challenges

, 129–131

challenges of COVID-19 and entrepreneurship in Africa

, 12–13

contemporary employment

, 14–15

cooperating partnership

, 15

disruption of supply chain

, 13

entrepreneurship-based SME strategies

, 1–4

jobs at risk

, 13

new business model approach

, 14

in Nigeria

, 124

and Nigeria’s manufacturing industry

, 126–128

opportunities created by COVID-19 for entrepreneurship in Africa

, 13–15

resilience

, 10

stability in business

, 12–13

theory

, 34

Erosion

, 168

Ethnocentrism

, 80–81

European Union (EU)

, 9–10

Event-related potentials (ERPs)

, 74–75

Executive actions

, 94–96

Face mask

, 176, 191

knowledge-practice gaps in

, 194

Facebook

, 54–55, 81–82

Fake news communication

, 61

Familiarization process

, 186

Federal Airport Authority of Nigeria

, 100

Federal Capital Territory (FCT)

, 94

Federal Ministry of Health

, 59–60

Federal Road Safety Corps

, 100

Financial services

, 26–27

Firms

, 166

Foreign direct investment (FDI)

, 133

Freelancing

, 14–15

Funding entrepreneurship, availability of linkages between industry and research institutions in

, 131–132

Gender diversity

, 177

General Electric (GE)

, 40–41

General explanatory models for preventive inactions

, 191–194

adaptation/adjustment difficulty

, 193–194

leadership exemplar deficit

, 192–193

‘poor stakeholders’ mentality

, 193

public distrust in government

, 192

scarcity of proximate coronavirus cases

, 191–192

GeneXpert

, 101–102

Global pandemics

, 168

Google

, 3

Google Meet

, 54

Google+

, 54

Governance

, 90

coronavirus and governance during disaster

, 89–91

of COVID-19 pandemic

, 91–107

process and outcome of COVID-19 medical interventions

, 107–113

Government educational institutions

, 118

Government relations

, 97

Government salvage programmes

, 2

Government-owned brand

, 74

Grazing, land for

, 158

Great Depression

, 9–10

Hand washing

, 193

Health communication

, 196

Health insurance

, 168

Healthcare services, Six Sigma application in

, 42–43

High-rapid networks

, 45–46

Honeywell

, 40–41

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

, 184

Hypothesis testing model

, 79

Ife Overlords v Modakekes

, 151

Improvement

, 40

In-depth exploration of social entrepreneurs

, 24–25

Incubator and Enterprise Support Organizations (ESP)

, 29–30

Individual v group ownership

, 146–147

Infection, prevention and control (IPC)

, 97

Infection cases, age characteristics of

, 107

Infectious diseases

, 184

Information society

, 54

Innovation

in business

, 11

innovation of robotic technology

, 46–47

SMEs

, 11–12

in technology

, 46

Instagram

, 54–55, 81–82

Institutional frameworks of COVID-19 pandemic

, 96–97

Intensive care units (ICU)

, 105

Interactive structural models

, 83

International Labour Organisation

, 170

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

, 9–10

Internet of things technologies (IoT technologies)

, 45–46

Interventions

medical

, 101

non-medical

, 96

ISO 9000 in manufacturing sector

, 40

Jobs at risk

, 13

JP Morgan

, 40–41

Kauffman Foundation

, 4

Knowledge-praxis gaps

, 191–196

general explanatory models for preventive inactions

, 191–194

knowledge-practice gaps in face mask

, 194

knowledge-practice gaps to social distancing practice

, 194–196

specific prevention-control-related cause of inactions

, 194–196

Kola Tenancy

, 152–153

Kola Tenancy Act

, 153

Land for grazing

, 158

Land resources

, 144–145

Land Use Act 1978 (LUA 1978)

, 144, 155, 158

entitlement to customary grant

, 157–158

hindrances to agricultural development

, 158–159

quantum of land tenant

, 157

status under

, 155–157

Landslides

, 168

Large-scale social distancing strategy

, 23–24

Lasisi Anor v Tubi & Anor

, 149–150

Leadership exemplar deficit

, 192–193

Legislative actions of COVID-19 pandemic

, 98–101

Length of tenancy

, 150–151

LinkedIn

, 54

Local brands

, 80

Lockdown

, 27, 179–180

Manufacturing

capacity demand for production of PPE

, 122–123

industry of Nigeria

, 124–126

Market-involved individuals

, 185–186

findings

, 196–197

incomplete knowledge of COVID-19 means of transmission and prevention

, 189–191

knowledge of symptoms, means of transmission, and prevention of COVID-19

, 186–189

knowledge-praxis gaps

, 191–196

methods

, 185–186

results

, 186–187, 196

Medical interventions

, 101

governance process and outcome of COVID-19

, 107–113

Medical management measures

, 101–107

distribution of COVID-19 testing laboratories

, 104

laboratory strategies

, 103

testing

, 101–104

Mgbelekele Family v Madam Iyayi Family

, 152–153

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs)

, 26–27, 30

Microsoft Teams

, 54

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses (MERS-CoV)

, 89

Million Cups programme

, 4

Misinformation on social media

, 55–57

Mobile applications software

, 169

Mobile technologies

, 45–46

Modern marketplace

, 73–74

Motorola manufacturing process

, 40–41

Movement restrictions

, 166

National Centre for Disease Control and Management (NCDC)

, 96–97

guidelines for managing COVID-19 pandemic

, 98

National COVID-19 Pandemic Multi-Sectoral Response Plan

, 101

National Identity Management Commission (NIMC)

, 67

New business model approach

, 14

Nigeria

, 120, 144

challenges of social entrepreneurs in constrained environment

, 32

COVID-19 pandemic incidence and effect in Nigeria

, 27–28

crisis communication and social media crisis management

, 57–60

current state of manufacturing industry of

, 124–126

empirical evidence from developed and emerging economies

, 31–32

entrepreneurship in

, 124

functionality

, 56

gap in literature

, 57

limitations

, 34, 67–68

managerial implications

, 33, 67

in Nigeria

, 55

opportunities for social entrepreneurship in disguise

, 28–30

policy implications

, 33–34, 67

rural sub-sector of

, 25

SE in

, 24–25, 27

social issues

, 23–24

social media communication and COVID-19 fake news dissemination

, 60–62

social media communication during End-SARS protest among Nigerian Youths

, 62–66

social media in

, 55

theoretical implications

, 33

as web-enabled services

, 54–55

Nigeria Association of Resident Doctors (NARD)

, 118–119

Nigeria Centre For Disease Control (NCDC)

, 59–60, 118

Nigeria Immigration Service

, 100

Nigeria National Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Response Plan 2013

, 101

Nigeria Police Force

, 100

Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps

, 100

Nigerian customers choices

, 81–82

Nigerian economy

, 171–172

Nigerian Healthcare Systems

COVID-19 pandemic and technological trends in twenty-first century

, 45–47

disruptive technology

, 43–44

gap in literature

, 40

limitations

, 48

managerial implications

, 47

policy implications

, 47–48

Six Sigma

, 40–42

Six Sigma application in healthcare services

, 42–43

Nodes

, 54–55

Non-governmental organizations (NGO)

, 25

Non-medical interventions

, 96

Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs)

, 89–90

Non-target stimuli

, 74–75

Odunsi v Pereira & Anor

, 146–147

Omu-Aran market

, 185–186

Online analytics tools

, 3

Online method of shopping

, 14–15

Online payment platforms

, 15

Outcome emphasis

, 26–27

Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI)

, 112–113

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)

, 89–90

Pandemic

, 31

Partnership, cooperating

, 15

Partnership, People, Prosperity, Planet and Peace (Ps’ agenda)

, 15

Pension

, 168

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

, 46, 118

COVID-19 and

, 121–122

current state of manufacturing industry of Nigeria

, 124–126

entrepreneurship and Nigeria’s manufacturing industry

, 126–128

entrepreneurship in Nigeria

, 124

lack of

, 119

literature review

, 121–128

manufacturing capacity demand for production of

, 122–123

methodology

, 128

strategic importance

, 119–120

Pinterest

, 54

Policy implications

, 179

Poor stakeholders’ mentality

, 193

Post-COVID-19 entrepreneurial resilience in Africa

, 170–171

Post-COVID-19

, 8

Presidential Task Force (PTF)

, 88, 97

on COVID-19 outbreak

, 59–60

pillars of action by

, 99

Prevention-control-related cause of inactions

, 194–196

Price sensitivity

, 173

Products/firm websites

, 169

Programme area focus

, 26–27

Proximate coronavirus cases, scarcity of

, 191–192

Public distrust in government

, 192

Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)

, 184

Purpose/cause-related marketing

, 172

Quality of goods and services

, 41–42

Quarantine

, 8

Reference groups

, 80

Regular washing of hands

, 193

Regulatory framework

, 26–27

Research and innovation (R&I)

, 24–25

Resource mobilization

, 97

Risk communication

, 107

Risk communication and community engagement (RCCE)

, 97

Robotic technology

, 46–47

Rules and regulations context

, 168

Salami v Oke

, 158–159

Sales activities

, 74–75

Sanitizers

, 193

Security, Logistics and Mass Care (SLMC)

, 97

Service protocols

, 166

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

, 8, 89, 184

Shell BP v Abedi & Ors

, 150

Short response period

, 58–60

Six Sigma

, 40, 42

application in healthcare services

, 42–43

Skype

, 54

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs)

, 1–2, 8, 126–127, 170

challenges of COVID-19 and entrepreneurship in Africa

, 12–13

conceptual framework

, 9

coronavirus

, 9–10

development plan

, 15

entrepreneurship

, 10–11

innovation

, 11–12

limitations

, 17

literature review

, 9–12

managerial implications

, 16–17

opportunities created by COVID-19 for entrepreneurship in Africa

, 13–15

policy implications

, 17

theoretical implication

, 16

Snapchat

, 54

Social activities limitation

, 8

Social context

, 168

Social distancing

, 8, 179–180, 193–194

knowledge-practice gaps to social distancing practice

, 194–196

Social entrepreneur

, 23–25

challenges in constrained environment

, 32

Social entrepreneurship (SE). See also Entrepreneurship

, 24

in Nigeria

, 25–27

opportunities for social entrepreneurship in disguise

, 28–30

Social media

, 54

communication and COVID-19 fake news dissemination

, 60–62

crisis communication and social media crisis management

, 57–60

functionality

, 56

gap in literature

, 57

limitations

, 67–68

managerial implications

, 67

in Nigeria

, 55

platforms

, 81–82

policy implications

, 67

social media communication during End-SARS protest among Nigerian Youths

, 62–66

social media/virtual accounts

, 169

as web-enabled services

, 54–55

Social unity

, 23–24

Socio-economic classes

, 177

Socio-economic systems

, 26–27

Socio-legal research methodology

, 145

Spiritual utility

, 175

Stability in business

, 12–13

State coordination

, 97

Stay-at-home orders

, 8

Strategic development

, 26–27

Strategic partnership in optimizing entrepreneurial opportunities

, 132–135

Supply chain disruption

, 13

Surprise

, 58

Surveillance

, 104–105

Surveillance Response Management and Analysis (SORMAS)

, 104–105

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

, 15, 24

Sustainable model for brand awareness and customers choice

, 79

Sustainable production group

, 97

Target stimuli

, 74–75

Technology

, 44

innovation in

, 46

in marketing during COVID-19 crisis

, 168–169

Tenant

, 148, 156

consideration

, 151–152

Threat

, 58

Tik Tok

, 54

Toshiba

, 40–41

Total lockdowns

, 179

Traders (T)

, 186

Traditional sales activities

, 74–75

Triple Helix model

, 120–121

Twitter

, 54–55, 81–82

Two-step approach

, 95

Unemployment in Africa

, 13–14

United Nations (UN)

, 11–12

United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

, 9–10

Unpredictable natural disasters

, 166

Value chain analysis

, 80

Virtual reality

, 45–46

Virtual-learning technique

, 46

Water

, 168

Web 2.0

, 54–55

Web-based media platforms

, 3

WhatsApp

, 54–55, 81–82

WHO Phase of pandemic alert for pandemic (H1N1) 2009

, 101

Wireless

technologies

, 45–46

thermometer

, 46

Word of mouth (WOM)

, 77

Work-at-home

, 46

Work-life balances

, 177

World Economic Forum

, 9–10

World Health Organization (WHO)

, 9, 58–59, 62, 88, 119–120, 184

Youtube

, 54–55

Zoom

, 54

Zoonotic virus

, 89