Index
ISBN: 978-1-80117-140-3, eISBN: 978-1-80117-139-7
Publication date: 24 January 2022
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2022), "Index", Grima, S., Özen, E. and Gonzi, R.E.D. (Ed.) Insurance and Risk Management for Disruptions in Social, Economic and Environmental Systems: Decision and Control Allocations within New Domains of Risk (Emerald Studies in Finance, Insurance, and Risk Management), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 291-300. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80117-139-720211014
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2022, Simon Grima, Ercan Özen and Rebecca Emily Dalli Gonzi
INDEX
AA1000 Standard
, 199
Accountability
, 234
Ad hoc stress tests
, 35
Administrative Law principles
, 158
Agency cost theory
, 121
Agency theory
, 228
Agenda for Sustainable Development (2030)
, 167
Aggregation techiniques
, 156
“All or nothing” approach
, 51
Artificial intelligence (AI)
, 260
Autocorrelation
, 136
Bajada Carmel et al. v. Middle Sea Insurance Company Limited
, 53
Bank
, 236–237
markets
, 237
regulations
, 237–238
supervision during pandemic
, 34–35
Best-shot
, 156
BIST-100 index
, 84, 87, 90
Borg Alfio v. Fogg Insurance Agencies Limited
, 58–59
Borsa İstanbul (BIST)
, 125
Brand
recognition
, 200
strength
, 213
trust
, 110
value
, 229–230
#BREAKFREEFROMPLASTIC (BFFP movement)
, 5
British rule in Malta
, 40
Brotherton v. Aseguradora Colseguros SA
, 51
Bucharest Stock Exchange (BVB)
, 111
Business continuity
, 109
C. N. T. E. E. Trans Electrica
, 113
Camilleri Bertu v. Bartoli Harold Et Nomine
, 46
Capital movements
, 87
Capital structure decisions
, 119
autocorrelation tests results related to models
, 136
correlation coefficients of independent variables
, 133
data and methodology
, 125–130
descriptive statistics
, 146
empirical results
, 130
F-probability values
, 137
financial failure
, 118–119
and financial failure risk
, 119–122
financial failure score
, 140
literature review
, 122–124
models and hypotheses
, 131
panel data analysis results
, 139
panel unit root tests results
, 147–148
results of cross-sectional dependence and homogeneity tests
, 135
results of estimator selection tests
, 138
unit root tests for homogeneous series
, 134
Carter v. Boehm
, 50
Case law
, 42
Civil Code
, 40, 59
Civil Service Code (2010)
, 160
Classical approach
, 227
Classical capital structure theory
, 120
Climate change
, 5, 192, 208, 217–218, 222
Commercial Code
, 40
Communicative behavior
, 244, 248
Company sustainability
, 212, 225
Compilation of Federal Ethics Law (2021)
, 160
Computer Numerical Control (CNC)
, 258
Conpet S. A., 114
Consumer behavior in new economic reality
aim
, 68
economic aspects and perspectives
, 75–78
method
, 68–69
person-centered care model
, 72–75
personalized medicine and person-centered care
, 70–72
potential of PM
, 69–70
Consumer Confidence Index (CCI)
, 83
Consumer Insurance (Disclosure & Representations) Act
, 42, 51–52
Consumer Insurance Contracts Act
, 58
Consumer price index (CPI)
, 84
Content analysis
, 110
of official documentation
, 12–13
of selected documentation
, 1, 3
Control variable
, 125–126
Corporate governance approach
, 225
Corporate ignorance
, 213
Corporate philanthropy
, 200–201
Corporate social performance
, 198–201
Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
, 110, 258
application mechanisms
, 261
CSR 1.0
, 262
CSR 2.0
, 262
CSR 3.0
, 263
CSR 4.0
, 259
emergence
, 263
and reporting
, 114
research methodology
, 264–267
results
, 267–272
study
, 261
Corporate sustainability
, 186–190, 220–229
Cost of capital
, 214
Cost reduction
, 77
Countercyclical capital buffer to banks
, 35
Country governance indicators
, 237–238
COVID-19 pandemic
, 6, 30–31, 108, 150
crisis
, 238
and dilemmas in provision of public services in G20s
, 160–167
Credibility
, 234
Cross-sector collaboration (CSC)
, 2, 9–11
Cross-validation (CV)
, 93
Culture
, 242–243
Decision-making area of financial managers
, 119
Degiorgio Charles noe v. Austin Agius et
, 48
Deposit insurance
, 240
Descriptive statistics
, 130 146
Determinations coefficient (R2)
, 90
Dialectical systems theory
, 241
Discriminant analyses
, 122
Domestic retail oil price
, 84
Dow Jones Sustainability Indices
, 109
Duty on insurer
, 53
Earnings (ERN)
, 287
ECB
, 238–239
Eco-management and Auditing Scheme (EMAS)
, 192–193
Economic
factors
, 212–213
growth
, 82
power
, 5
risk
, 108
sustainability
, 190, 211, 220
Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU)
, 191
Elmo Insurance Services Ltd noe. v. Edwin Pace et
, 46
Elmo Insurance Services noe. v. Edwin Pace et
, 59
Energetica Electrica S. A., 114
English Law
, 42
of insurable interest
, 57
Enterprise
, 242
credibility strategy
, 243
governance
, 242
implications for financial institutions
, 247–249
policy
, 235, 240, 242–243
research
, 243–247
sustainability
, 212
Enterprise risk management (ERM), 108–109, 227 (see also Sustainability risk management (SRM))
literature review
, 109–111
methodology
, 111–112
results
, 112–114
Enterprise sustainability risk management (ESRM)
, 225, 228
Environment Resource Authority (ERA)
, 7
Environmental, social and governance (ESG)
, 108, 249
Environmental audit(ing)
, 193–194
Environmental concerns (EC)
, 210
Environmental management
system
, 192–193
tools
, 186, 191–196
Environmental risks
, 224
Environmental sustainability
, 188, 211, 220
Equity/total debt (E/TD)
, 122
Ernst & Young (EY)
, 197
Ethic(al)
, 242–243
behavior
, 234
culture
, 263
Ethical Standard for Providers of Public Services (ESPPS)
, 160
European insurance market development
data and methodology
, 280–284
literature review
, 279–280
results
, 284–287
European Ombudsman (EUO)
, 160
European Policy Framework
, 69
European Union (EU)
, 3, 278
Harmonization
, 41, 47, 61
interview responses
, 61–62
Excessive debt
financing
, 120
level
, 120
Exchange rate (INF)
, 82–83, 84
External equity (EXE)
, 121
F-test
, 137
Fair presentation
, 54–55
Finance firms
, 31
Financial crisis (2008)
, 125
Financial failure
, 118–119
capital structure and
, 119–122
models
, 121
representatives and formulas
, 127–128
risk
, 121
score
, 140
Financial Information News Network
, 129
Financial institutions
, 30
challenge and viewpoint
, 234–235
methodology
, 241–242
research of values, culture, ethics and norms
, 242–243
stimulates financial institutions to provide more credit
, 33
strategy of enterprise’s credibility
, 243–249
theoretical backgrounds
, 235–241
Financial managers
, 119, 121
Financial markets
, 30, 82
Financial reforms
, 237–238
Financial regulation
approach to bank supervision during pandemic
, 34–35
approach to financial regulation during pandemic
, 32
delay recognition of significant increase in credit risk
, 33
diversify financial system
, 32
literature review
, 30–32
lower reference interest rate to boost economic activities
, 33
maintaining adequate liquidity in financial system
, 32–33
providing stimulus packages to general economy
, 34
stimulate financial institutions to provide more credit
, 33
Financial risk
, 108, 223
Financial sector policy
, 31
Financial stability
, 238, 248
Financial statements
, 109
Financial system
, 31
diversify
, 32
maintaining adequate liquidity in
, 32–33
FinTech industry
, 236
First-mover advantage
, 235
Fiscal policy measures
, 31
Fisher hypothesis
, 83
Five-dimensional approach to sustainability assessment
, 219
Fixed effects model
, 130, 137
Flexible supervisory framework
, 34
Food
, 125
chain
, 2
companies
, 125, 141
companies and stock exchange codes
, 126
financial statement data of
, 141
Fossil fuels economy
, 5
Fraudulent claims, utmost good faith and
, 53
G20 countries
, 151
COVID-19 pandemic and dilemmas in provision of public services in
, 160–167
and provision of public goods and services
, 156–160
G250 code
, 197
G4 guidelines
, 110
GDP per capita (GDP_C)
, 287
General Electric (GE)
, 222
Generalized cross-validation criterion (GCV)
, 89
Genomic biomarker
, 69
Global Action Programme for Protection of Marine Environment from Land Based Activities (GAP)
, 7
Global financial crisis (2008)
, 31
Global impasses
, 150
COVID-19 pandemic and dilemmas in provision of public services in G20s
, 160–167
G20 countries and provision of public goods and services
, 156–160
history and theory of public goods
, 152–154
provision of public goods and services
, 154–156
Global plastic crisis
, 5
Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)
, 110, 197–198
Globalization
, 150
Gold
, 83
Gold prices (GOLD)
, 82
Granger causality test
, 85–86
Great Depression
, 4
Green marketing
, 195–196
Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG emissions)
, 218
Gross domestic product (GDP)
, 84, 278–279
Health
, 150, 162
care
, 68
system sustainability
, 68
Health 2020
, 70
Healthcare Information Technologies
, 77
Honolulu Strategy
, 7
Human development
, 282
Human Development Index (HDI)
, 278, 281–282
components
, 286
Human factor
, 278
Hypotheses testing
, 19–21
India’s Coca-Cola beverage factories
, 213
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)
, 258, 264
Industrial production index (IPI)
, 82
Industrialization
, 258
industrialization 4. 0
, 260
Industry 1.0
, 262
Industry 2.0
, 263
Industry 3.0
, 263
Industry 4.0
, 258, 264
advantages
, 259
literature review
, 260–264
Movement
, 259
perspective
, 258–259
transition from automated industry to
, 261
Inflation (Inf)
, 82, 285
Innovation
, 235–236
Innovation 25
, 258
Innovative behavior
, 246–247, 249
Institutional sustainability
, 187
Institutional theory
, 228
Institutionalised collaboratives
, 9
Insurable interest
, 42–43, 45–47, 57
application of principle in Malta
, 58–59
English Law
, 57
interview responses
, 60–61
life and other non-indemnity insurance
, 59–60
other jurisdictions
, 57–58
Insurance
, 40, 278
market indicators
, 280–281
Insurance Act
, 52–53, 54, 58
Insurance Business Act
, 40–41
Insurance contracts
, 42
aims and research questions
, 41
analysis and results
, 48–62
EU Harmonization
, 41, 47
insurable interest
, 42–43, 45–47
Insurance Business Act
, 40–41
literature review
, 43
methodology
, 47–48
questionnaire
, 65
significance and originality of research
, 43
utmost good faith
, 41–42, 44–45
Insurance Distribution Directive
, 53
Insurance Law Reform Act
, 58
Insurer, duty on
, 53
Interest rates (IR)
, 82
International Convention for Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL)
, 7
International Monetary Fund
, 30
Internet of Things (IoT)
, 258, 264
Investors
, 82
Involvement
, 14
Irish Financial Services and Pensions Ombudsman award
, 56
ISO 14001
, 192
Japan Corporate Governance Code (2015)
, 159
Kazakhstan Stock Exchange Index
, 85
Lambert v. Co-operative Insurance Society Ltd
, 51
Law 25/2009
, 158
Law 37/2008
, 158
Law No. 129 (1999)
, 159
Legal liability
, 214
Life and other non-indemnity insurance
, 59–60
Life Assurance Act (1774)
, 57
Life expectancy index (LE_I)
, 287
Life insurance in Tunisia
, 280
Liquidity injection programs
, 31
Logistic regression
, 122
Logit analyses
, 122
London insurance market
, 40
London Inter Bank Offering Rate (LIBOR)
, 33
Long-term and short-term IRs
, 84
Long-term debts to total assets (LTD/TA)
, 123
Long-term financing options (LTFO)
, 123
Lucena v. Craufurd
, 57
Machine learning technique
, 91
Macroeconomic variables
, 82
Macropanels
, 129
Macuara v. Northern Assurance
, 57, 59
Made in China 2025
, 258
Malta
application of principle in
, 58–59
British rule in
, 40
case
, 11–12
wholesale adoption of UK Principle
, 48–50
Maltese Civil Code
, 47
Maltese insurance market
, 40
Marginal rates of substitution (MRS)
, 155
Marine convention
, 7
Marine Insurance Act
, 42, 45, 47, 57
Market
price index
, 86
risk
, 108
Mass production
, 186
Maturity structure of debts (MSD)
, 123
Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE)
, 90
Mean square error (MSE)
, 88
Member States (MS)
, 278
Microfinance providers (MFPs)
, 31
Micropanels
, 129
Modern capital structure theory
, 121
Modi operandi
, 9
Modigliani-Miller theory
, 120
Monetary policy measures
, 31
Money supply (M1)
, 84
Multi-dimensional regulatory context
, 6–8
Multi-level governance (MLG)
, 3, 6, 10
Multicollinearity
, 88
Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline method (MARS method)
, 84, 88, 91, 94
basis functions and corresponding coefficients for
, 95
variables graph
, 96
Mutual funds
, 263
N100 code
, 197
Nation state-centric model
, 8
National Institutes of Health
, 68
National Public Service Act for Japan
, 159
National Strategy for Environment
, 12
Net income theory
, 120
Net operating income theory
, 120
Network governance
, 8–9
New Public Management
, 9
New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)
, 122
Next-generation sequencing technologies
, 77
Nolan principles
, 160
Non-financial information
, 113
Non-financial risks
, 227
management
, 110
Non-genomic biomarker
, 69
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
, 12
Non-indemnity insurance
, 59–60
Non-performing loans (NPLs)
, 33
Normative sustainability
, 211–212
Norms
, 242–243
NZSE 40 index of New Zealand Stock Exchange
, 84
Obligation
, 262
“One-for-all” therapy
, 68, 72
Online questionnaire
, 259–260
Operational burden and interference
, 214
Optimality in public goods
, 157
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
, 279
Organizational culture
, 110
“Our Common Future”
, 186
Pan American Sanitary Bureaus (1902)
, 161
Pandemic
approach to financial regulation during
, 32–34
bank supervision during
, 34–35
of obesity
, 5
Panel data models
, 117, 129, 131
Panel unit root tests results
, 147–148
Paradigm management
, 187
Partnership
, 14
Pecking order theory
, 120
Pension funds
, 263
PepsiCo
, 213, 222
Person-centered care model (PCC model)
, 68, 70–75
Personalized care
, 73
Personalized consultations
, 68
Personalized health care
, 73
Personalized medicine (PM)
, 68, 70–72
potential of
, 69–70
PETI organization
, 159
Plastics
, 2
Policy histories
, 4
Polity-creating process
, 10
Pooled model
, 130
Positive sustainability
, 211–212
Precision medicine
, 69–70
Precision Medicine Initiative
, 70
Predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory medicine approach (P4 medical approach)
, 75–76, 78
Prima facie
, 2
Private equity partnerships
, 263
Probit analyses
, 122
Production
, 258
Productivity
, 213–214
Products and services
, 213
Public Disclosure Platform
, 129
Public goods
history and theory of
, 152–154
provision of
, 154–156
and services
, 150
Public health measures
, 31
Public Service Act
, 158–159
Public Service Employment Act
, 158
Public Service Regulation on Procedures and Principles (PSRPP)
, 160
Public Services and Procurement Canada Code of Conduct
, 158
Public Social Partnerships
, 9
Qualitative method
, 68, 241
Questionnaire
, 65
online
, 259–260
Random effects model
, 130
Reference interest rate
, 33
Reform Commission
, 42
Regulation on the Principles of Ethical Behavior of the Public Officials and Application Procedures and Essentials (PEBPOAPE)
, 160
Regulatory forbearance
, 35
Reimbursement models
, 77
Reputation
, 213
Research and development (R&D)
, 161
Residual sum of squares (RSS)
, 96
Resource dependence theory
, 228
Respect for human rights
, 234
Respect for international norms
, 234
Respect for rule of law
, 234
‘Respect for stakeholders’ interests
, 234
Responsible behavior
, 246, 248–249
Restrictions
, 151
Restrictive measures
, 31
Results-based pricing
, 77
Return on assets (ROA)
, 225
Return on equity (ROE)
, 225
Risk
, 108, 208
analysis
, 215
assessment
, 109, 215
of bankruptcy
, 108
of corruption
, 108
identification
, 215
management
, 109, 209, 215–216
monitoring
, 216
reporting tool
, 109
of technological change
, 108
treatment
, 215–216
Robust regression models (RREG models)
, 284–286
Root mean square error (RMSE)
, 90
S-score models
, 124
S. N. Nuclearelectrica S. A., 114
S. N. T. G. N. Transgaz
, 114
SA8000 Standard
, 199–200
Seemingly Unrelated Regression-Panel Corrected Standard Errors (SUR-PCSE)
, 137
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
, 30
pandemic of 2003
, 31
Shapiro Wilk’s test
, 19
Shared responsibilities
, 14
Signal effect theory
, 121
Signaling theory
, 121
Silo approach
, 215
Single Supervisory Mechanism
, 240
Single Use Plastic Strategy (2020–2030)
, 7
Single-use packaging
, 5
Single-use plastic policy
historical setting
, 4–6
hypotheses testing
, 19–21
Malta case
, 11–12
methodology
, 12–15
multi-dimensional regulatory context
, 6–8
research scope
, 3
results
, 15–19
theoretical underpinnings
, 8–11
“Six Growing Trends in Corporate Sustainability” survey
, 197
Smart factories
, 258
Smart Manufacturing
, 258
Social audit
, 199
Social capital
, 237
Social distancing
, 31
Social Management and Accounting Standards
, 199–200
Social performance
, 198
Social responsibility
, 111, 234, 236
Social sustainability
, 188–189, 211, 220
Spearman’s correlation analysis
, 130
Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient
, 267–268
Spillover effects
, 30
Stakeholder approach
, 227–228
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)
, 266
Stimulus packages to general economy
, 34
Stock
, 82
market
, 82
Stock exchanges
, 82
Stock index
, 90
basis functions and corresponding coefficients for MARS model
, 95
data, analysis, and findings
, 90
descriptive statistics
, 92
exchange rate
, 82–84
graphical representation of stock index and independent variables
, 93
importance levels of variables according to GCV and RSS
, 97
literature
, 84–88
MARS model variables graph
, 96
methodology
, 88–90
optimum degree and terms
, 94
training and testing data goodness of fit performance
, 99
variables
, 98
variables and abbreviation
, 91
Strong sustainability
, 212
Sub-premium funds
, 263
Subsidiarity
, 14
Summation
, 156
Supply chain costs
, 214
Sustainability
, 108, 186, 210–215, 236, 242
of health systems
, 68
indices
, 109
reporting
, 196–198
reports
, 196
Sustainability management (SM)
, 227
Sustainability risk management (SRM), 108, 110, 208–209, 216–229 (see also Enterprise risk management (ERM))
corporate sustainability
, 187–190
framework
, 216
implementation
, 186
integrating sustainability into business implementations
, 190–201
principles
, 224
risk management
, 215–216
sustainability
, 210–215
Sustainable design
, 194
Sustainable development
, 109, 186, 210
Sustainable development goals (SDGs)
, 8, 109
Sustainable product design
, 194–195
Sustainable waste management
, 12
“Take-make-waste” economy
, 7
Taxpayer-funded recycling programs
, 4
Technical sustainability
, 220
Technological revolution
, 263
Technology
, 259, 263
Total debt to total assets ratio (TD/TA)
, 122
Total debt/equity ratio (TD/E ratio)
, 121
Trade
, 214
Trade-off theory
, 120
Traditional management approach
, 188
Transdisciplinary research
, 69
Transnational packaging
, 4
Transparency
, 234
Triple Bottom Line concept (TBL concept)
, 188, 210, 212, 220–221
Trust
, 236
Trustworthiness
, 234
of banks
, 240
impact
, 237
Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK)
, 100
UN Convention on Law of Sea (UNCLOS)
, 7
Unit root tests for homogeneous series
, 134
United Nations (UN)
, 4, 167, 194
United Nations Global Compact (UNGC)
, 197–198
US Department of the Interior (2021)
, 160
Utmost good faith
, 41–42, 44–45, 48
arguments for reform concerning duty of
, 50–51
Consumer Insurance (Disclosure & Representations) Act
, 52
duty on insurer
, 53
fair presentation
, 54–55
findings from interviews
, 55–56
and fraudulent claims
, 53
Insurance Act
, 52–53
Malta’s wholesale adoption of UK Principle
, 48–50
origins of law as stood till recently in UK
, 50
“Utopian” model
, 8
Value-based pricing
, 77
Values
, 242–243
Variance inflation factor (VIF)
, 130
Vietnam stock market index
, 86
VIX Fear Index (VIX)
, 83
Weak sustainability
, 212
Weakest-link
, 156
Weigthed summation
, 156
Welfare indicators
, 280, 282–283
Well-being model
, 68
Wellbeing
, 278
Western Trading Ltd. v. Great Lakes Reinsurance (UK) plc
, 57, 59
White period coefficient covariance methods
, 137
Wicked problems
, 9
World Bank
, 30
World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD)
, 222
World Economic Forum (WEF)
, 31, 218
World Health Organization (WHO)
, 68, 162
World War II
, 4
Z-score
, 124
- Prelims
- Chapter 1: Mapping Out Cross-sectoral Collaboration and Multi-level Governance Within Single Use Plastic Policy: An Analysis
- Chapter 2: Financial Regulation and Bank Supervision During a Pandemic
- Chapter 3: A Study of Insurance Contracts Within the Legal Context of a Small Island Influenced by the Commonwealth, the European Union and the Mediterranean: The Case of Utmost Good Faith and Insurable Interest
- Chapter 4: Consumer Behavior in the New Economic Reality. Approaches to Personalized Medicine: From Paradigms to Challenges
- Chapter 5: Determination of the Sensitivity of Stock Index to Macroeconomic and Psychological Factors by MARS Method
- Chapter 6: Enterprise Risk Management Assessment of Romanian Listed Companies for Sustainable Development
- Chapter 7: The Effects of Capital Structure Decisions on Financial Risk and Failure: A Research on BIST Food Companies
- Chapter 8: Global Impasses in Public Services Provision Due to COVID-19 in G20 Countries
- Chapter 9: Implementation of Sustainability
- Chapter 10: Sustainability Risk Management: A Survey of the Literature
- Chapter 11: Financial Institutions’ Governance Innovation and Credibility Strategy
- Chapter 12: CSR 4.0 Dimensions in Relation to the Advantages of Industry 4.0
- Chapter 13: European Insurance Market Development under the Economic Welfare: Advanced Econometric Approaches
- Index