Index
Teacher Preparation in the United States
ISBN: 978-1-80071-688-9, eISBN: 978-1-80071-687-2
Publication date: 23 June 2022
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
Kolodny, K. and Breitborde, M.-L. (2022), "Index", Teacher Preparation in the United States (Emerald Studies in Teacher Preparation in National and Global Contexts), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 183-190. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80071-687-220221008
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2022 Kelly Kolodny and Mary-Lou Breitborde. Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
A Nation at Risk:The Imperative for Educational Reform
, 98
Ableism, 128
Academies
in New York, 12
preparatory, 11–12
providing studies in teacher education, 42–43
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, 2
Active engagement, 151
Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP), 123
Administrative progressives, 70–71
Advanced Placement (AP), 108–109
“Advanced work classes”, 149
Affirming diversity:The Sociopolitical Context of Multicultural Education
African American teacher preparation, 27
American Association of Colleges of Teacher Education (AACTE), 4–6, 106–107, 126, 148
American culture, 10
American Educational Research Association (AERA), 102
American Educational Studies Association (AESA), 103–104
American Federation of Teachers (AFT), 84
American Journal of Education (Barnard), 14, 40, 63
American Normal School Association, 55
American Revolution, 4, 37–38
American school-aged children, 1
American Woman’s Educational Association, 24–25
Annual report cards, 119–120
“Antiintellectual”, 11
Antiracist pedagogy, 147
Appeal (Walker), 9–10
Art normal school in Boston, 39
“Art of teaching”, 62
Assertiveness/voice, 151
Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (ASNLH), 83
Atlantic Monthly, The
, 16–17
Banks, James, 6, 102
Barnard, Henry, 14, 39–40, 45, 59, 63
Beecher, Catharine, 23–25
Behaviorism, 71–72
Belonging, 151
Bethune, Mary McLeod, 29
Bilingual Education Act, 93
“Bill for the More General Diffusion of Knowledge”, 10
Black, Indigenous, and People of Color teachers (BIPOC teachers), 141, 152
Black Americans, education of, 27–31
Black children, 9
Black Lives Matter movement, 117–118, 139
Black normal schools, 29
Board of National Popular Education, 19–20
Board-certified teachers, 157
Branch State Normal School of California, 40
Bridgewater Normal School, 44
Brown v Board of Education (1954), 92
Byfield Academy, 21–22
Canada, Geoffrey, 6, 109
Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education
, 71
Care theory, 104
Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, 99–100
Carter, James G., 35–36
Center on Education Policy (CEP), 123–124
Child Study, 68–69
“Child-centered” approach, 72
Child’s Assistant to a Knowledge of the Geography and History of Vermont, A
, 14–15
Children
education and schooling of, 9
in United States, 1
Civil Rights Act (1964), 93
Civil Rights Movement, 91, 93
Civil War, 16, 41, 52, 60
“Civilization”, 24
Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL), 151
College teacher education programs
participants in, 107–109
structure and curriculum of, 98–107
Colonial era, 5
Comer, James, 132–133
Common Core State Standards, 120
state adoption of, 120
Common schools, 10, 25–26, 39
Contemporary pedagogical theory, 156
Contemporary public school system, 35
Contemporary teacher preparation programs, 3
Coppin, Fanny Jackson, 80–82
Council for Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP), 3
Council for Exceptional Children (CEC), 1
Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP), 6, 126–127, 144
COVID pandemic, 1–2, 133–134
crises brought on by, 139
Critical pedagogy, 129
Croatan Normal School, 42
Culturally sustaining pedagogy, 45
Curriculum content of early twenty-first century teacher preparation programs, 126–133
Curriculum of college and university teacher education programs, 98–107
Curriculum of state normal schools, 44–47
Darling-Hammond, Linda, 121–122
Davidson, Olivia, 53–54
“De facto”, 91–92
Democracy, 74
Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA), 120
Department of Education Organization Act, 97
Dewey, John, 73, 76, 150–151
Digital citizenship, 152
Digital literacy, 152
Disability, 128
Diversifying the teacher workforce, 126
DuBois, W. E. B., 78–79
Duckworth, Eleanor, 101
Early childhood education, 3, 127
Economic hardships, 1
Edelman, Marian Wright, 94
Educated citizenship in United States, 35
Education as the Practice of Freedom, 130
Education(al), 35
administrators and legislators, 63
of Black Americans and teachers, 27–31
in Early America and New Republic, 9–11
inequity, 141
in Japan, 43
plans and programs, 96
Educational Review (Chadwick), 67
Educational Testing Services (ETS), 124–125
Educators, 140–141
Eisenhower Professional Development Program, 122–123
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), 95–96, 119
Elementary education, 3, 127
Elementary Science Study (ESS), 101–102
English Language Learners (ELL), 131
English learners/Limited English Proficiency, 93
Equal Educational Opportunities Act (EEOA), 131
Equality of Educational Opportunity Survey (EEOS), 97
Escalante, Jamie, 108
Essential Schools, 1045
Ethical and Moral Instruction in Schools (Palmer), 68
European colonial traditions, 2
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), 6, 124–125
Federal acts shaped Twenty-first century teacher preparation programs, 119–126
Federal government’s role in education, 97, 103, 123
Female seminaries prepare missionary teachers, 18–27
For-profit teacher preparation programs, 145–146
Formal educational experiences of young people, 35
Formal teacher preparation, 2
programs, 12
in United States, 6–7
Forten, Charlotte, 49–50
Free public “common” schools, 10
Freedmen’s Bureau (Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands), 28–30
Freire, Paulo, 130
French Ecole Normal, 37
Fugitive pedagogy, 83
Gardner, Howard, 106
Garfield, James, 61
“General school-keeping”, 12
Goals 2000 Educate America Act, 119–121
Greene, Maxine, 103–104
Grow Your Own Teacher programs, 157–158
Gun control, 1
Hall, G. Stanley, 68–69
Hall, Samuel Read, 12–13
Hall’s method, 69–70
Harding, Warren G., 61
Harris, Ian, 104
Harris, William Torrey, 68
Head Start, 95
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 16–17
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), 30, 153–154
Homestead Act, 29
Imbalances, 35
Improving America’s Schools Act (IASA), 6, 120–121
In-system programs, 60–65
Indigenous Peoples’ Day, 117–118
Inequities in education, 35
Influence of an Early Education
, 35–36
Isawa, Shuji, 43
Jim Crow, 6
preparing teachers of color under, 77–83
Jim Crow Laws, 68
Job Corps, 95
Kilpatrick, William Heard, 72–73
Laboratory school, 72–73, 75
Lamson, Mary Swift, 51–52
Lancaster, Joseph, 64
Land-grant universities, 65
Lau, Kinney (Lau v. Nichols), 93
“Law of Effect”, 71–72
Learning, 72
Learning Policy Institute, 156
Lectures on School-Keeping
, 14–15
Lectures to Female Teachers
, 15–16
Lexington Normal School, 38, 46
LGBTQ students and families, 117–118
Liberator
, 49
Lincoln Normal School at Marion, 41
Lyon, Mary, 22
Mann, Horace, 35–37
Martin, Jane Roland, 3
Martin’s theory, 3
Massachusetts Curriculum Standards, 120
Master of Arts in Teaching (M. A. T.), 98–99
McAuliffe, Christa, 110–111
McGuffey’s Readers, 20–21
Meier, Deborah, 105
Mid-to-Late Twentieth Century, teachers preparation in
participants in college and university teacher education programs, 107–109
social and political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States, 91–98
structure and curriculum of college and university teacher education programs, 98–107
Middle Atlantic States Philosophy of Education Society, 103–104
Miner, Myrtilla, 27–28
“Model School Course”, 65
Model schools, 46
Monitorial System, 64
Morrill, Justin, 74
Morrill Act of 1862, 29, 60, 65–66, 74
Multicultural education, 103
Multiple intelligences (MI), 106
Music education, 43
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 111
National Antislavery Standard
, 50
National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 97
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 50, 83
National Association of Teachers in Colored Schools (NATCS), 83
National Board of Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS), 157
National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES), 4–5
National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE), 106–107, 126–127
National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS), 102
National Council on Teacher Quality (NCTQ), 126
National Defense Education Act (NDEA), 96
National Education Association (NEA), 97
National Governors Association (NGA), 120
National/Federal Policies and Support, 156–159
Native Americans/First Nation, 64, 117–118
Native teachers, 2
Nieto, Sonia, 103
NINE9/11 terrorist attacks, 117
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), 6, 96, 123–124, 141–142
Noam, Gil., 139–140
Noddings, Nel, 104
Normal school model, 91
Norton, Arthur, 46
Nye, Susan, 18
Oberlin College in Ohio, 26
Ogren, Christine, 39
Old Deluder Satan Act, 9–10
“Outward-facing” strategies, 149
Partnerships in Education and Resilience (PEAR), 151
Pedagogical models, 68
“Pedagogical progressives”, 70
Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 130
Penn School, 26–28, 78
Political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States, 91–98
“Port Royal Experiment”, 26–27
Post-Revolutionary War 1777 Constitution, 10
Post-war Reconstruction, 28
Poverty rates, 1
Practicum experiences, 3, 133–134
Pre-practicum experiences, 133–134
“Preceptresses”, 66–67
Preparing Teachers for Deeper Learning
, 150–151
Prepracticum experiences, 3
Primary sources, 4–5
Professional development school models, 147–148
Professional education, 68–69
Program content, 148–149
Progressive education, 76
Progressive Education movement, 6
Progressive Paradox, 70–77
“Progressive” educators, 70
Prussian influence on normal schools, 37
Psychology, 59
Public responsibility for teacher preparation, 31
Public School Administration
, 71
Public schools, 59
declining faith in, 143–144
Quality of teaching, 98
“Radical Republicans”, 28
Ravitch, Diane, 103
Reagan, Ronald, 111
Reconstruction, 5, 26–27
Reflection, 151
Religion, 46
Remote learning, 1–2
“Republican womanhood”, 16
Resistance, 77–83
Resourcefulness, 77–83
Robust economy, 10–11
Robust educational system, 10–11
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 61
Rural teachers, 61–62
Rural teaching, 61
Rush, Benjamin, 17–18
Russel, Rebecca, 25–26
Sarmiento, Domingo, 43
School Development Program (SDP), 132
Schooling of children, 9
Scripture, 46
“Second Great Awakening”, 18
Second Morrill Act (1890), 65–66
Secondary education, 3, 100–101, 127
Secondary sources, 4–5
Segregation, 41–42
Sense of civic responsibility, 10–11
Sheltered English Immersion (SEI), 131
Slavery, 5, 26, 83, 158
Social contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States, 91–98
Social efficiency, 71
Social Emotional Learning (SEL), 128, 151
Social intelligence, 74
Social justice, 91
Social Service of Industry (SESI), 130
“Social-emotional development”, 151
Sociology, 59
Space Race, 6, 96, 111–112
Spanish-American Normal School, 42
Special education, 1, 45, 101, 127
Standards for certification, 91
State level influence on education, 3, 11, 37, 118–119
State Normal School in New Britain, 39, 45
State normal schools, 35–43
Branch State Normal School of California in Los Angeles, 40
Lexington Normal School, 38
movement, 42–43
State Normal School at New Britain, 39
structure and curriculum of, 44–47
State teachers’colleges, 65
States responsibility for teacher preparation
state normal schools, 35–43
structure and curriculum of state normal schools, 44–47
students, 48–55
STEM teacher education program, 124–125
Structure of college and university teacher education programs, 98–107
Structure of state normal schools, 44–47
Student teaching, 98, 100–101, 150
Students, 48–55
of twenty-first century teacher preparation programs, 134–135
Supplemental Education Services (SES), 123
Swift, Mary, 46
Talks on Pedagogies
, 72–73
Teach for America (TFA), 106–107, 145
Teacher education, 59
expanding access to, 60–65
normal schools move to state colleges and universities, 65–67
problem of, 146
Smith School Near Sunflower, Mississippi, 60
in US, 59
Teacher Education Accreditation Council (TEAC), 126–127
Teacher Education Curriculum, 68–70
Teacher education programs, structure and curriculum of college and university, 98–107
Teacher Institutes, 60–65
Teacher licensure exams, 3, 124–125
Teacher preparation in Twenty-first century United States
current challenges in teacher preparation, 141–147
models for practice, 147–159
recommendations for National/Federal Policies and Support, 156–159
recommendations related to program content, 147–152
recommendations related to program form and structure, 152–156
Teacher preparation programs, 2–4
curriculum content of early twenty-first century, 126–133
federal acts shaped Twenty-first century, 119–126
patchwork of, 11–13
public responsibility for, 31
students of twenty-first century, 134–135
Teacher residency programs, 143, 154, 157–158
Teacher shortage, 12–13, 135, 143, 157
Teachers
education of Black Americans and, 27–31
Teaching, 13–14, 35–36, 147–148, 154–155
as “women’s work”, 16–18
declining interest in teaching as career, 143
Teaching profession
expanding access to teacher education, 60–65
preparing teachers of color under Jim Crow, 77–83
progressive paradox, 70–77
Teacher Education Curriculum, 68–70
Teens For Gun Reform, 117–118
The Common School Journal
, 47
The Practical Teacher
, 72–73
Thematic threads, 3
Thorndike, Edward, 70–72
Tokyo Normal School, 43
Topical Action Group on the Internationalization of Teacher Education, 150
“Transcript of Morrill Act”, 29
Transforming Teacher Education for Social Justice
, 148
Tuskegee Institute, 40, 52–53
Twenty-first century children, 1
learning of, 1
Twenty-first century teacher preparation programs
COVID Pandemic, 133–134
Creative Commons, 117
curriculum content of early, 126–133
federal acts shaped, 119–126
students of, 134–135
in United States, 117
Tyack, David, 65
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 23–24
United States
children enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools in, 1
COVID-19 pandemic and children education in, 1–2
educated citizenship in, 35
formal teacher preparation in, 6–7
research methodology, 4
social and political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century, 91–98
teacher preparation programs in, 3–4
United States Department of Education, 97
University of Illinois, 101
University of Iowa, 66
University of Michigan, 66
University of Virginia, 10
University teacher education programs
participants in, 107–109
structure and curriculum of, 98–107
University-based education program, 66–67
Up From Slavery (Davidson), 54
US Land Ordinance, 19–20
US Secretary of Education, 125–126
US teacher preparation, 145
USA Patriot Act (2001), 117
Voice of the Fugitive
, 48
War on Poverty, 91, 93, 95
and ESEA, 95–96
Washington, Booker T., 52–53, 77–78
Western migration, 31
White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, 10
Willard, Emma, 5, 17, 19
Woodson, Carter, 83
World Health Organization (WHO), 133
Young, Ella Flagg, 72–75
Young Republic
education in Early America and New Republic, 9–11
education of Black Americans and teachers, 27–31
female seminaries prepare missionary teachers, 18–27
patchwork of programs for teacher preparation, 11–13
public responsibility for teacher preparation, 31
teaching as “women’s work”, 16–18
A Nation at Risk:The Imperative for Educational Reform
, 98
Ableism
, 128
Academies
in New York
, 12
preparatory
, 11–12
providing studies in teacher education
, 42–43
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
, 2
Active engagement
, 151
Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP)
, 123
Administrative progressives
, 70–71
Advanced Placement (AP)
, 108–109
“Advanced work classes”
, 149
Affirming diversity:The Sociopolitical Context of Multicultural Education
African American teacher preparation
, 27
American Association of Colleges of Teacher Education (AACTE)
, 4–6, 106–107, 126, 148
American culture
, 10
American Educational Research Association (AERA)
, 102
American Educational Studies Association (AESA)
, 103–104
American Federation of Teachers (AFT)
, 84
American Journal of Education (Barnard)
, 14, 40, 63
American Normal School Association
, 55
American Revolution
, 4, 37–38
American school-aged children
, 1
American Woman’s Educational Association
, 24–25
Annual report cards
, 119–120
“Antiintellectual”
, 11
Antiracist pedagogy
, 147
Appeal (Walker)
, 9–10
Art normal school in Boston
, 39
“Art of teaching”
, 62
Assertiveness/voice
, 151
Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (ASNLH)
, 83
Atlantic Monthly, The
, 16–17
Banks, James
, 6, 102
Barnard, Henry
, 14, 39–40, 45, 59, 63
Beecher, Catharine
, 23–25
Behaviorism
, 71–72
Belonging
, 151
Bethune, Mary McLeod
, 29
Bilingual Education Act
, 93
“Bill for the More General Diffusion of Knowledge”
, 10
Black, Indigenous, and People of Color teachers (BIPOC teachers)
, 141, 152
Black Americans, education of
, 27–31
Black children
, 9
Black Lives Matter movement
, 117–118, 139
Black normal schools
, 29
Board of National Popular Education
, 19–20
Board-certified teachers
, 157
Branch State Normal School of California
, 40
Bridgewater Normal School
, 44
Brown v Board of Education (1954)
, 92
Byfield Academy
, 21–22
Canada, Geoffrey, 6, 109
Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education
, 71
Care theory, 104
Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, 99–100
Carter, James G., 35–36
Center on Education Policy (CEP), 123–124
Child Study, 68–69
“Child-centered” approach, 72
Child’s Assistant to a Knowledge of the Geography and History of Vermont, A
, 14–15
Children
education and schooling of, 9
in United States, 1
Civil Rights Act (1964), 93
Civil Rights Movement, 91, 93
Civil War, 16, 41, 52, 60
“Civilization”, 24
Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL), 151
College teacher education programs
participants in, 107–109
structure and curriculum of, 98–107
Colonial era, 5
Comer, James, 132–133
Common Core State Standards, 120
state adoption of, 120
Common schools, 10, 25–26, 39
Contemporary pedagogical theory, 156
Contemporary public school system, 35
Contemporary teacher preparation programs, 3
Coppin, Fanny Jackson, 80–82
Council for Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP), 3
Council for Exceptional Children (CEC), 1
Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP), 6, 126–127, 144
COVID pandemic, 1–2, 133–134
crises brought on by, 139
Critical pedagogy, 129
Croatan Normal School, 42
Culturally sustaining pedagogy, 45
Curriculum content of early twenty-first century teacher preparation programs, 126–133
Curriculum of college and university teacher education programs, 98–107
Curriculum of state normal schools, 44–47
Darling-Hammond, Linda, 121–122
Davidson, Olivia, 53–54
“De facto”, 91–92
Democracy, 74
Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA), 120
Department of Education Organization Act, 97
Dewey, John, 73, 76, 150–151
Digital citizenship, 152
Digital literacy, 152
Disability, 128
Diversifying the teacher workforce, 126
DuBois, W. E. B., 78–79
Duckworth, Eleanor, 101
Early childhood education, 3, 127
Economic hardships, 1
Edelman, Marian Wright, 94
Educated citizenship in United States, 35
Education as the Practice of Freedom, 130
Education(al), 35
administrators and legislators, 63
of Black Americans and teachers, 27–31
in Early America and New Republic, 9–11
inequity, 141
in Japan, 43
plans and programs, 96
Educational Review (Chadwick), 67
Educational Testing Services (ETS), 124–125
Educators, 140–141
Eisenhower Professional Development Program, 122–123
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), 95–96, 119
Elementary education, 3, 127
Elementary Science Study (ESS), 101–102
English Language Learners (ELL), 131
English learners/Limited English Proficiency, 93
Equal Educational Opportunities Act (EEOA), 131
Equality of Educational Opportunity Survey (EEOS), 97
Escalante, Jamie, 108
Essential Schools, 1045
Ethical and Moral Instruction in Schools (Palmer), 68
European colonial traditions, 2
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), 6, 124–125
Federal acts shaped Twenty-first century teacher preparation programs, 119–126
Federal government’s role in education, 97, 103, 123
Female seminaries prepare missionary teachers, 18–27
For-profit teacher preparation programs, 145–146
Formal educational experiences of young people, 35
Formal teacher preparation, 2
programs, 12
in United States, 6–7
Forten, Charlotte, 49–50
Free public “common” schools, 10
Freedmen’s Bureau (Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands), 28–30
Freire, Paulo, 130
French Ecole Normal, 37
Fugitive pedagogy, 83
Gardner, Howard, 106
Garfield, James, 61
“General school-keeping”, 12
Goals 2000 Educate America Act, 119–121
Greene, Maxine, 103–104
Grow Your Own Teacher programs, 157–158
Gun control, 1
Hall, G. Stanley, 68–69
Hall, Samuel Read, 12–13
Hall’s method, 69–70
Harding, Warren G., 61
Harris, Ian, 104
Harris, William Torrey, 68
Head Start, 95
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 16–17
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), 30, 153–154
Homestead Act, 29
Imbalances, 35
Improving America’s Schools Act (IASA), 6, 120–121
In-system programs, 60–65
Indigenous Peoples’ Day, 117–118
Inequities in education, 35
Influence of an Early Education
, 35–36
Isawa, Shuji, 43
Jim Crow, 6
preparing teachers of color under, 77–83
Jim Crow Laws, 68
Job Corps, 95
Kilpatrick, William Heard, 72–73
Laboratory school, 72–73, 75
Lamson, Mary Swift, 51–52
Lancaster, Joseph, 64
Land-grant universities, 65
Lau, Kinney (Lau v. Nichols), 93
“Law of Effect”, 71–72
Learning, 72
Learning Policy Institute, 156
Lectures on School-Keeping
, 14–15
Lectures to Female Teachers
, 15–16
Lexington Normal School, 38, 46
LGBTQ students and families, 117–118
Liberator
, 49
Lincoln Normal School at Marion, 41
Lyon, Mary, 22
Mann, Horace, 35–37
Martin, Jane Roland, 3
Martin’s theory, 3
Massachusetts Curriculum Standards, 120
Master of Arts in Teaching (M. A. T.), 98–99
McAuliffe, Christa, 110–111
McGuffey’s Readers, 20–21
Meier, Deborah, 105
Mid-to-Late Twentieth Century, teachers preparation in
participants in college and university teacher education programs, 107–109
social and political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States, 91–98
structure and curriculum of college and university teacher education programs, 98–107
Middle Atlantic States Philosophy of Education Society, 103–104
Miner, Myrtilla, 27–28
“Model School Course”, 65
Model schools, 46
Monitorial System, 64
Morrill, Justin, 74
Morrill Act of 1862, 29, 60, 65–66, 74
Multicultural education, 103
Multiple intelligences (MI), 106
Music education, 43
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 111
National Antislavery Standard
, 50
National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 97
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 50, 83
National Association of Teachers in Colored Schools (NATCS), 83
National Board of Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS), 157
National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES), 4–5
National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE), 106–107, 126–127
National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS), 102
National Council on Teacher Quality (NCTQ), 126
National Defense Education Act (NDEA), 96
National Education Association (NEA), 97
National Governors Association (NGA), 120
National/Federal Policies and Support, 156–159
Native Americans/First Nation, 64, 117–118
Native teachers, 2
Nieto, Sonia, 103
NINE9/11 terrorist attacks, 117
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), 6, 96, 123–124, 141–142
Noam, Gil., 139–140
Noddings, Nel, 104
Normal school model, 91
Norton, Arthur, 46
Nye, Susan, 18
Oberlin College in Ohio, 26
Ogren, Christine, 39
Old Deluder Satan Act, 9–10
“Outward-facing” strategies, 149
Partnerships in Education and Resilience (PEAR), 151
Pedagogical models, 68
“Pedagogical progressives”, 70
Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 130
Penn School, 26–28, 78
Political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States, 91–98
“Port Royal Experiment”, 26–27
Post-Revolutionary War 1777 Constitution, 10
Post-war Reconstruction, 28
Poverty rates, 1
Practicum experiences, 3, 133–134
Pre-practicum experiences, 133–134
“Preceptresses”, 66–67
Preparing Teachers for Deeper Learning
, 150–151
Prepracticum experiences, 3
Primary sources, 4–5
Professional development school models, 147–148
Professional education, 68–69
Program content, 148–149
Progressive education, 76
Progressive Education movement, 6
Progressive Paradox, 70–77
“Progressive” educators, 70
Prussian influence on normal schools, 37
Psychology, 59
Public responsibility for teacher preparation, 31
Public School Administration
, 71
Public schools, 59
declining faith in, 143–144
Quality of teaching, 98
“Radical Republicans”, 28
Ravitch, Diane, 103
Reagan, Ronald, 111
Reconstruction, 5, 26–27
Reflection, 151
Religion, 46
Remote learning, 1–2
“Republican womanhood”, 16
Resistance, 77–83
Resourcefulness, 77–83
Robust economy, 10–11
Robust educational system, 10–11
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 61
Rural teachers, 61–62
Rural teaching, 61
Rush, Benjamin, 17–18
Russel, Rebecca, 25–26
Sarmiento, Domingo, 43
School Development Program (SDP), 132
Schooling of children, 9
Scripture, 46
“Second Great Awakening”, 18
Second Morrill Act (1890), 65–66
Secondary education, 3, 100–101, 127
Secondary sources, 4–5
Segregation, 41–42
Sense of civic responsibility, 10–11
Sheltered English Immersion (SEI), 131
Slavery, 5, 26, 83, 158
Social contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States, 91–98
Social efficiency, 71
Social Emotional Learning (SEL), 128, 151
Social intelligence, 74
Social justice, 91
Social Service of Industry (SESI), 130
“Social-emotional development”, 151
Sociology, 59
Space Race, 6, 96, 111–112
Spanish-American Normal School, 42
Special education, 1, 45, 101, 127
Standards for certification, 91
State level influence on education, 3, 11, 37, 118–119
State Normal School in New Britain, 39, 45
State normal schools, 35–43
Branch State Normal School of California in Los Angeles, 40
Lexington Normal School, 38
movement, 42–43
State Normal School at New Britain, 39
structure and curriculum of, 44–47
State teachers’colleges, 65
States responsibility for teacher preparation
state normal schools, 35–43
structure and curriculum of state normal schools, 44–47
students, 48–55
STEM teacher education program, 124–125
Structure of college and university teacher education programs, 98–107
Structure of state normal schools, 44–47
Student teaching, 98, 100–101, 150
Students, 48–55
of twenty-first century teacher preparation programs, 134–135
Supplemental Education Services (SES), 123
Swift, Mary, 46
Talks on Pedagogies
, 72–73
Teach for America (TFA), 106–107, 145
Teacher education, 59
expanding access to, 60–65
normal schools move to state colleges and universities, 65–67
problem of, 146
Smith School Near Sunflower, Mississippi, 60
in US, 59
Teacher Education Accreditation Council (TEAC), 126–127
Teacher Education Curriculum, 68–70
Teacher education programs, structure and curriculum of college and university, 98–107
Teacher Institutes, 60–65
Teacher licensure exams, 3, 124–125
Teacher preparation in Twenty-first century United States
current challenges in teacher preparation, 141–147
models for practice, 147–159
recommendations for National/Federal Policies and Support, 156–159
recommendations related to program content, 147–152
recommendations related to program form and structure, 152–156
Teacher preparation programs, 2–4
curriculum content of early twenty-first century, 126–133
federal acts shaped Twenty-first century, 119–126
patchwork of, 11–13
public responsibility for, 31
students of twenty-first century, 134–135
Teacher residency programs, 143, 154, 157–158
Teacher shortage, 12–13, 135, 143, 157
Teachers
education of Black Americans and, 27–31
Teaching, 13–14, 35–36, 147–148, 154–155
as “women’s work”, 16–18
declining interest in teaching as career, 143
Teaching profession
expanding access to teacher education, 60–65
preparing teachers of color under Jim Crow, 77–83
progressive paradox, 70–77
Teacher Education Curriculum, 68–70
Teens For Gun Reform, 117–118
The Common School Journal
, 47
The Practical Teacher
, 72–73
Thematic threads, 3
Thorndike, Edward, 70–72
Tokyo Normal School, 43
Topical Action Group on the Internationalization of Teacher Education, 150
“Transcript of Morrill Act”, 29
Transforming Teacher Education for Social Justice
, 148
Tuskegee Institute, 40, 52–53
Twenty-first century children, 1
learning of, 1
Twenty-first century teacher preparation programs
COVID Pandemic, 133–134
Creative Commons, 117
curriculum content of early, 126–133
federal acts shaped, 119–126
students of, 134–135
in United States, 117
Tyack, David, 65
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 23–24
United States
children enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools in, 1
COVID-19 pandemic and children education in, 1–2
educated citizenship in, 35
formal teacher preparation in, 6–7
research methodology, 4
social and political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century, 91–98
teacher preparation programs in, 3–4
United States Department of Education, 97
University of Illinois, 101
University of Iowa, 66
University of Michigan, 66
University of Virginia, 10
University teacher education programs
participants in, 107–109
structure and curriculum of, 98–107
University-based education program, 66–67
Up From Slavery (Davidson), 54
US Land Ordinance, 19–20
US Secretary of Education, 125–126
US teacher preparation, 145
USA Patriot Act (2001), 117
Voice of the Fugitive
, 48
War on Poverty, 91, 93, 95
and ESEA, 95–96
Washington, Booker T., 52–53, 77–78
Western migration, 31
White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, 10
Willard, Emma, 5, 17, 19
Woodson, Carter, 83
World Health Organization (WHO), 133
Young, Ella Flagg, 72–75
Young Republic
education in Early America and New Republic, 9–11
education of Black Americans and teachers, 27–31
female seminaries prepare missionary teachers, 18–27
patchwork of programs for teacher preparation, 11–13
public responsibility for teacher preparation, 31
teaching as “women’s work”, 16–18
Canada, Geoffrey
, 6, 109
Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education
, 71
Care theory
, 104
Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching
, 99–100
Carter, James G.
, 35–36
Center on Education Policy (CEP)
, 123–124
Child Study
, 68–69
“Child-centered” approach
, 72
Child’s Assistant to a Knowledge of the Geography and History of Vermont, A
, 14–15
Children
education and schooling of
, 9
in United States
, 1
Civil Rights Act (1964)
, 93
Civil Rights Movement
, 91, 93
Civil War
, 16, 41, 52, 60
“Civilization”
, 24
Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL)
, 151
College teacher education programs
participants in
, 107–109
structure and curriculum of
, 98–107
Colonial era
, 5
Comer, James
, 132–133
Common Core State Standards
, 120
state adoption of
, 120
Common schools
, 10, 25–26, 39
Contemporary pedagogical theory
, 156
Contemporary public school system
, 35
Contemporary teacher preparation programs
, 3
Coppin, Fanny Jackson
, 80–82
Council for Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP)
, 3
Council for Exceptional Children (CEC)
, 1
Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP)
, 6, 126–127, 144
COVID pandemic
, 1–2, 133–134
crises brought on by
, 139
Critical pedagogy
, 129
Croatan Normal School
, 42
Culturally sustaining pedagogy
, 45
Curriculum content of early twenty-first century teacher preparation programs
, 126–133
Curriculum of college and university teacher education programs
, 98–107
Curriculum of state normal schools
, 44–47
Darling-Hammond, Linda
, 121–122
Davidson, Olivia
, 53–54
“De facto”
, 91–92
Democracy
, 74
Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA)
, 120
Department of Education Organization Act
, 97
Dewey, John
, 73, 76, 150–151
Digital citizenship
, 152
Digital literacy
, 152
Disability
, 128
Diversifying the teacher workforce
, 126
DuBois, W. E. B.
, 78–79
Duckworth, Eleanor
, 101
Early childhood education, 3, 127
Economic hardships, 1
Edelman, Marian Wright, 94
Educated citizenship in United States, 35
Education as the Practice of Freedom, 130
Education(al), 35
administrators and legislators, 63
of Black Americans and teachers, 27–31
in Early America and New Republic, 9–11
inequity, 141
in Japan, 43
plans and programs, 96
Educational Review (Chadwick), 67
Educational Testing Services (ETS), 124–125
Educators, 140–141
Eisenhower Professional Development Program, 122–123
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), 95–96, 119
Elementary education, 3, 127
Elementary Science Study (ESS), 101–102
English Language Learners (ELL), 131
English learners/Limited English Proficiency, 93
Equal Educational Opportunities Act (EEOA), 131
Equality of Educational Opportunity Survey (EEOS), 97
Escalante, Jamie, 108
Essential Schools, 1045
Ethical and Moral Instruction in Schools (Palmer), 68
European colonial traditions, 2
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), 6, 124–125
Federal acts shaped Twenty-first century teacher preparation programs, 119–126
Federal government’s role in education, 97, 103, 123
Female seminaries prepare missionary teachers, 18–27
For-profit teacher preparation programs, 145–146
Formal educational experiences of young people, 35
Formal teacher preparation, 2
programs, 12
in United States, 6–7
Forten, Charlotte, 49–50
Free public “common” schools, 10
Freedmen’s Bureau (Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands), 28–30
Freire, Paulo, 130
French Ecole Normal, 37
Fugitive pedagogy, 83
Gardner, Howard, 106
Garfield, James, 61
“General school-keeping”, 12
Goals 2000 Educate America Act, 119–121
Greene, Maxine, 103–104
Grow Your Own Teacher programs, 157–158
Gun control, 1
Hall, G. Stanley, 68–69
Hall, Samuel Read, 12–13
Hall’s method, 69–70
Harding, Warren G., 61
Harris, Ian, 104
Harris, William Torrey, 68
Head Start, 95
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 16–17
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), 30, 153–154
Homestead Act, 29
Imbalances, 35
Improving America’s Schools Act (IASA), 6, 120–121
In-system programs, 60–65
Indigenous Peoples’ Day, 117–118
Inequities in education, 35
Influence of an Early Education
, 35–36
Isawa, Shuji, 43
Jim Crow, 6
preparing teachers of color under, 77–83
Jim Crow Laws, 68
Job Corps, 95
Kilpatrick, William Heard, 72–73
Laboratory school, 72–73, 75
Lamson, Mary Swift, 51–52
Lancaster, Joseph, 64
Land-grant universities, 65
Lau, Kinney (Lau v. Nichols), 93
“Law of Effect”, 71–72
Learning, 72
Learning Policy Institute, 156
Lectures on School-Keeping
, 14–15
Lectures to Female Teachers
, 15–16
Lexington Normal School, 38, 46
LGBTQ students and families, 117–118
Liberator
, 49
Lincoln Normal School at Marion, 41
Lyon, Mary, 22
Mann, Horace, 35–37
Martin, Jane Roland, 3
Martin’s theory, 3
Massachusetts Curriculum Standards, 120
Master of Arts in Teaching (M. A. T.), 98–99
McAuliffe, Christa, 110–111
McGuffey’s Readers, 20–21
Meier, Deborah, 105
Mid-to-Late Twentieth Century, teachers preparation in
participants in college and university teacher education programs, 107–109
social and political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States, 91–98
structure and curriculum of college and university teacher education programs, 98–107
Middle Atlantic States Philosophy of Education Society, 103–104
Miner, Myrtilla, 27–28
“Model School Course”, 65
Model schools, 46
Monitorial System, 64
Morrill, Justin, 74
Morrill Act of 1862, 29, 60, 65–66, 74
Multicultural education, 103
Multiple intelligences (MI), 106
Music education, 43
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 111
National Antislavery Standard
, 50
National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 97
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 50, 83
National Association of Teachers in Colored Schools (NATCS), 83
National Board of Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS), 157
National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES), 4–5
National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE), 106–107, 126–127
National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS), 102
National Council on Teacher Quality (NCTQ), 126
National Defense Education Act (NDEA), 96
National Education Association (NEA), 97
National Governors Association (NGA), 120
National/Federal Policies and Support, 156–159
Native Americans/First Nation, 64, 117–118
Native teachers, 2
Nieto, Sonia, 103
NINE9/11 terrorist attacks, 117
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), 6, 96, 123–124, 141–142
Noam, Gil., 139–140
Noddings, Nel, 104
Normal school model, 91
Norton, Arthur, 46
Nye, Susan, 18
Oberlin College in Ohio, 26
Ogren, Christine, 39
Old Deluder Satan Act, 9–10
“Outward-facing” strategies, 149
Partnerships in Education and Resilience (PEAR), 151
Pedagogical models, 68
“Pedagogical progressives”, 70
Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 130
Penn School, 26–28, 78
Political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States, 91–98
“Port Royal Experiment”, 26–27
Post-Revolutionary War 1777 Constitution, 10
Post-war Reconstruction, 28
Poverty rates, 1
Practicum experiences, 3, 133–134
Pre-practicum experiences, 133–134
“Preceptresses”, 66–67
Preparing Teachers for Deeper Learning
, 150–151
Prepracticum experiences, 3
Primary sources, 4–5
Professional development school models, 147–148
Professional education, 68–69
Program content, 148–149
Progressive education, 76
Progressive Education movement, 6
Progressive Paradox, 70–77
“Progressive” educators, 70
Prussian influence on normal schools, 37
Psychology, 59
Public responsibility for teacher preparation, 31
Public School Administration
, 71
Public schools, 59
declining faith in, 143–144
Quality of teaching, 98
“Radical Republicans”, 28
Ravitch, Diane, 103
Reagan, Ronald, 111
Reconstruction, 5, 26–27
Reflection, 151
Religion, 46
Remote learning, 1–2
“Republican womanhood”, 16
Resistance, 77–83
Resourcefulness, 77–83
Robust economy, 10–11
Robust educational system, 10–11
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 61
Rural teachers, 61–62
Rural teaching, 61
Rush, Benjamin, 17–18
Russel, Rebecca, 25–26
Sarmiento, Domingo, 43
School Development Program (SDP), 132
Schooling of children, 9
Scripture, 46
“Second Great Awakening”, 18
Second Morrill Act (1890), 65–66
Secondary education, 3, 100–101, 127
Secondary sources, 4–5
Segregation, 41–42
Sense of civic responsibility, 10–11
Sheltered English Immersion (SEI), 131
Slavery, 5, 26, 83, 158
Social contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States, 91–98
Social efficiency, 71
Social Emotional Learning (SEL), 128, 151
Social intelligence, 74
Social justice, 91
Social Service of Industry (SESI), 130
“Social-emotional development”, 151
Sociology, 59
Space Race, 6, 96, 111–112
Spanish-American Normal School, 42
Special education, 1, 45, 101, 127
Standards for certification, 91
State level influence on education, 3, 11, 37, 118–119
State Normal School in New Britain, 39, 45
State normal schools, 35–43
Branch State Normal School of California in Los Angeles, 40
Lexington Normal School, 38
movement, 42–43
State Normal School at New Britain, 39
structure and curriculum of, 44–47
State teachers’colleges, 65
States responsibility for teacher preparation
state normal schools, 35–43
structure and curriculum of state normal schools, 44–47
students, 48–55
STEM teacher education program, 124–125
Structure of college and university teacher education programs, 98–107
Structure of state normal schools, 44–47
Student teaching, 98, 100–101, 150
Students, 48–55
of twenty-first century teacher preparation programs, 134–135
Supplemental Education Services (SES), 123
Swift, Mary, 46
Talks on Pedagogies
, 72–73
Teach for America (TFA), 106–107, 145
Teacher education, 59
expanding access to, 60–65
normal schools move to state colleges and universities, 65–67
problem of, 146
Smith School Near Sunflower, Mississippi, 60
in US, 59
Teacher Education Accreditation Council (TEAC), 126–127
Teacher Education Curriculum, 68–70
Teacher education programs, structure and curriculum of college and university, 98–107
Teacher Institutes, 60–65
Teacher licensure exams, 3, 124–125
Teacher preparation in Twenty-first century United States
current challenges in teacher preparation, 141–147
models for practice, 147–159
recommendations for National/Federal Policies and Support, 156–159
recommendations related to program content, 147–152
recommendations related to program form and structure, 152–156
Teacher preparation programs, 2–4
curriculum content of early twenty-first century, 126–133
federal acts shaped Twenty-first century, 119–126
patchwork of, 11–13
public responsibility for, 31
students of twenty-first century, 134–135
Teacher residency programs, 143, 154, 157–158
Teacher shortage, 12–13, 135, 143, 157
Teachers
education of Black Americans and, 27–31
Teaching, 13–14, 35–36, 147–148, 154–155
as “women’s work”, 16–18
declining interest in teaching as career, 143
Teaching profession
expanding access to teacher education, 60–65
preparing teachers of color under Jim Crow, 77–83
progressive paradox, 70–77
Teacher Education Curriculum, 68–70
Teens For Gun Reform, 117–118
The Common School Journal
, 47
The Practical Teacher
, 72–73
Thematic threads, 3
Thorndike, Edward, 70–72
Tokyo Normal School, 43
Topical Action Group on the Internationalization of Teacher Education, 150
“Transcript of Morrill Act”, 29
Transforming Teacher Education for Social Justice
, 148
Tuskegee Institute, 40, 52–53
Twenty-first century children, 1
learning of, 1
Twenty-first century teacher preparation programs
COVID Pandemic, 133–134
Creative Commons, 117
curriculum content of early, 126–133
federal acts shaped, 119–126
students of, 134–135
in United States, 117
Tyack, David, 65
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 23–24
United States
children enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools in, 1
COVID-19 pandemic and children education in, 1–2
educated citizenship in, 35
formal teacher preparation in, 6–7
research methodology, 4
social and political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century, 91–98
teacher preparation programs in, 3–4
United States Department of Education, 97
University of Illinois, 101
University of Iowa, 66
University of Michigan, 66
University of Virginia, 10
University teacher education programs
participants in, 107–109
structure and curriculum of, 98–107
University-based education program, 66–67
Up From Slavery (Davidson), 54
US Land Ordinance, 19–20
US Secretary of Education, 125–126
US teacher preparation, 145
USA Patriot Act (2001), 117
Voice of the Fugitive
, 48
War on Poverty, 91, 93, 95
and ESEA, 95–96
Washington, Booker T., 52–53, 77–78
Western migration, 31
White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, 10
Willard, Emma, 5, 17, 19
Woodson, Carter, 83
World Health Organization (WHO), 133
Young, Ella Flagg, 72–75
Young Republic
education in Early America and New Republic, 9–11
education of Black Americans and teachers, 27–31
female seminaries prepare missionary teachers, 18–27
patchwork of programs for teacher preparation, 11–13
public responsibility for teacher preparation, 31
teaching as “women’s work”, 16–18
Early childhood education
, 3, 127
Economic hardships
, 1
Edelman, Marian Wright
, 94
Educated citizenship in United States
, 35
Education as the Practice of Freedom
, 130
Education(al)
, 35
administrators and legislators
, 63
of Black Americans and teachers
, 27–31
in Early America and New Republic
, 9–11
inequity
, 141
in Japan
, 43
plans and programs
, 96
Educational Review (Chadwick)
, 67
Educational Testing Services (ETS)
, 124–125
Educators
, 140–141
Eisenhower Professional Development Program
, 122–123
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
, 95–96, 119
Elementary education
, 3, 127
Elementary Science Study (ESS)
, 101–102
English Language Learners (ELL)
, 131
English learners/Limited English Proficiency
, 93
Equal Educational Opportunities Act (EEOA)
, 131
Equality of Educational Opportunity Survey (EEOS)
, 97
Escalante, Jamie
, 108
Essential Schools
, 1045
Ethical and Moral Instruction in Schools (Palmer)
, 68
European colonial traditions
, 2
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)
, 6, 124–125
Federal acts shaped Twenty-first century teacher preparation programs
, 119–126
Federal government’s role in education
, 97, 103, 123
Female seminaries prepare missionary teachers
, 18–27
For-profit teacher preparation programs
, 145–146
Formal educational experiences of young people
, 35
Formal teacher preparation
, 2
programs
, 12
in United States
, 6–7
Forten, Charlotte
, 49–50
Free public “common” schools
, 10
Freedmen’s Bureau (Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands)
, 28–30
Freire, Paulo
, 130
French Ecole Normal
, 37
Fugitive pedagogy
, 83
Gardner, Howard, 106
Garfield, James, 61
“General school-keeping”, 12
Goals 2000 Educate America Act, 119–121
Greene, Maxine, 103–104
Grow Your Own Teacher programs, 157–158
Gun control, 1
Hall, G. Stanley, 68–69
Hall, Samuel Read, 12–13
Hall’s method, 69–70
Harding, Warren G., 61
Harris, Ian, 104
Harris, William Torrey, 68
Head Start, 95
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 16–17
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), 30, 153–154
Homestead Act, 29
Imbalances, 35
Improving America’s Schools Act (IASA), 6, 120–121
In-system programs, 60–65
Indigenous Peoples’ Day, 117–118
Inequities in education, 35
Influence of an Early Education
, 35–36
Isawa, Shuji, 43
Jim Crow, 6
preparing teachers of color under, 77–83
Jim Crow Laws, 68
Job Corps, 95
Kilpatrick, William Heard, 72–73
Laboratory school, 72–73, 75
Lamson, Mary Swift, 51–52
Lancaster, Joseph, 64
Land-grant universities, 65
Lau, Kinney (Lau v. Nichols), 93
“Law of Effect”, 71–72
Learning, 72
Learning Policy Institute, 156
Lectures on School-Keeping
, 14–15
Lectures to Female Teachers
, 15–16
Lexington Normal School, 38, 46
LGBTQ students and families, 117–118
Liberator
, 49
Lincoln Normal School at Marion, 41
Lyon, Mary, 22
Mann, Horace, 35–37
Martin, Jane Roland, 3
Martin’s theory, 3
Massachusetts Curriculum Standards, 120
Master of Arts in Teaching (M. A. T.), 98–99
McAuliffe, Christa, 110–111
McGuffey’s Readers, 20–21
Meier, Deborah, 105
Mid-to-Late Twentieth Century, teachers preparation in
participants in college and university teacher education programs, 107–109
social and political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States, 91–98
structure and curriculum of college and university teacher education programs, 98–107
Middle Atlantic States Philosophy of Education Society, 103–104
Miner, Myrtilla, 27–28
“Model School Course”, 65
Model schools, 46
Monitorial System, 64
Morrill, Justin, 74
Morrill Act of 1862, 29, 60, 65–66, 74
Multicultural education, 103
Multiple intelligences (MI), 106
Music education, 43
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 111
National Antislavery Standard
, 50
National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 97
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 50, 83
National Association of Teachers in Colored Schools (NATCS), 83
National Board of Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS), 157
National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES), 4–5
National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE), 106–107, 126–127
National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS), 102
National Council on Teacher Quality (NCTQ), 126
National Defense Education Act (NDEA), 96
National Education Association (NEA), 97
National Governors Association (NGA), 120
National/Federal Policies and Support, 156–159
Native Americans/First Nation, 64, 117–118
Native teachers, 2
Nieto, Sonia, 103
NINE9/11 terrorist attacks, 117
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), 6, 96, 123–124, 141–142
Noam, Gil., 139–140
Noddings, Nel, 104
Normal school model, 91
Norton, Arthur, 46
Nye, Susan, 18
Oberlin College in Ohio, 26
Ogren, Christine, 39
Old Deluder Satan Act, 9–10
“Outward-facing” strategies, 149
Partnerships in Education and Resilience (PEAR), 151
Pedagogical models, 68
“Pedagogical progressives”, 70
Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 130
Penn School, 26–28, 78
Political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States, 91–98
“Port Royal Experiment”, 26–27
Post-Revolutionary War 1777 Constitution, 10
Post-war Reconstruction, 28
Poverty rates, 1
Practicum experiences, 3, 133–134
Pre-practicum experiences, 133–134
“Preceptresses”, 66–67
Preparing Teachers for Deeper Learning
, 150–151
Prepracticum experiences, 3
Primary sources, 4–5
Professional development school models, 147–148
Professional education, 68–69
Program content, 148–149
Progressive education, 76
Progressive Education movement, 6
Progressive Paradox, 70–77
“Progressive” educators, 70
Prussian influence on normal schools, 37
Psychology, 59
Public responsibility for teacher preparation, 31
Public School Administration
, 71
Public schools, 59
declining faith in, 143–144
Quality of teaching, 98
“Radical Republicans”, 28
Ravitch, Diane, 103
Reagan, Ronald, 111
Reconstruction, 5, 26–27
Reflection, 151
Religion, 46
Remote learning, 1–2
“Republican womanhood”, 16
Resistance, 77–83
Resourcefulness, 77–83
Robust economy, 10–11
Robust educational system, 10–11
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 61
Rural teachers, 61–62
Rural teaching, 61
Rush, Benjamin, 17–18
Russel, Rebecca, 25–26
Sarmiento, Domingo, 43
School Development Program (SDP), 132
Schooling of children, 9
Scripture, 46
“Second Great Awakening”, 18
Second Morrill Act (1890), 65–66
Secondary education, 3, 100–101, 127
Secondary sources, 4–5
Segregation, 41–42
Sense of civic responsibility, 10–11
Sheltered English Immersion (SEI), 131
Slavery, 5, 26, 83, 158
Social contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States, 91–98
Social efficiency, 71
Social Emotional Learning (SEL), 128, 151
Social intelligence, 74
Social justice, 91
Social Service of Industry (SESI), 130
“Social-emotional development”, 151
Sociology, 59
Space Race, 6, 96, 111–112
Spanish-American Normal School, 42
Special education, 1, 45, 101, 127
Standards for certification, 91
State level influence on education, 3, 11, 37, 118–119
State Normal School in New Britain, 39, 45
State normal schools, 35–43
Branch State Normal School of California in Los Angeles, 40
Lexington Normal School, 38
movement, 42–43
State Normal School at New Britain, 39
structure and curriculum of, 44–47
State teachers’colleges, 65
States responsibility for teacher preparation
state normal schools, 35–43
structure and curriculum of state normal schools, 44–47
students, 48–55
STEM teacher education program, 124–125
Structure of college and university teacher education programs, 98–107
Structure of state normal schools, 44–47
Student teaching, 98, 100–101, 150
Students, 48–55
of twenty-first century teacher preparation programs, 134–135
Supplemental Education Services (SES), 123
Swift, Mary, 46
Talks on Pedagogies
, 72–73
Teach for America (TFA), 106–107, 145
Teacher education, 59
expanding access to, 60–65
normal schools move to state colleges and universities, 65–67
problem of, 146
Smith School Near Sunflower, Mississippi, 60
in US, 59
Teacher Education Accreditation Council (TEAC), 126–127
Teacher Education Curriculum, 68–70
Teacher education programs, structure and curriculum of college and university, 98–107
Teacher Institutes, 60–65
Teacher licensure exams, 3, 124–125
Teacher preparation in Twenty-first century United States
current challenges in teacher preparation, 141–147
models for practice, 147–159
recommendations for National/Federal Policies and Support, 156–159
recommendations related to program content, 147–152
recommendations related to program form and structure, 152–156
Teacher preparation programs, 2–4
curriculum content of early twenty-first century, 126–133
federal acts shaped Twenty-first century, 119–126
patchwork of, 11–13
public responsibility for, 31
students of twenty-first century, 134–135
Teacher residency programs, 143, 154, 157–158
Teacher shortage, 12–13, 135, 143, 157
Teachers
education of Black Americans and, 27–31
Teaching, 13–14, 35–36, 147–148, 154–155
as “women’s work”, 16–18
declining interest in teaching as career, 143
Teaching profession
expanding access to teacher education, 60–65
preparing teachers of color under Jim Crow, 77–83
progressive paradox, 70–77
Teacher Education Curriculum, 68–70
Teens For Gun Reform, 117–118
The Common School Journal
, 47
The Practical Teacher
, 72–73
Thematic threads, 3
Thorndike, Edward, 70–72
Tokyo Normal School, 43
Topical Action Group on the Internationalization of Teacher Education, 150
“Transcript of Morrill Act”, 29
Transforming Teacher Education for Social Justice
, 148
Tuskegee Institute, 40, 52–53
Twenty-first century children, 1
learning of, 1
Twenty-first century teacher preparation programs
COVID Pandemic, 133–134
Creative Commons, 117
curriculum content of early, 126–133
federal acts shaped, 119–126
students of, 134–135
in United States, 117
Tyack, David, 65
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 23–24
United States
children enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools in, 1
COVID-19 pandemic and children education in, 1–2
educated citizenship in, 35
formal teacher preparation in, 6–7
research methodology, 4
social and political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century, 91–98
teacher preparation programs in, 3–4
United States Department of Education, 97
University of Illinois, 101
University of Iowa, 66
University of Michigan, 66
University of Virginia, 10
University teacher education programs
participants in, 107–109
structure and curriculum of, 98–107
University-based education program, 66–67
Up From Slavery (Davidson), 54
US Land Ordinance, 19–20
US Secretary of Education, 125–126
US teacher preparation, 145
USA Patriot Act (2001), 117
Voice of the Fugitive
, 48
War on Poverty, 91, 93, 95
and ESEA, 95–96
Washington, Booker T., 52–53, 77–78
Western migration, 31
White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, 10
Willard, Emma, 5, 17, 19
Woodson, Carter, 83
World Health Organization (WHO), 133
Young, Ella Flagg, 72–75
Young Republic
education in Early America and New Republic, 9–11
education of Black Americans and teachers, 27–31
female seminaries prepare missionary teachers, 18–27
patchwork of programs for teacher preparation, 11–13
public responsibility for teacher preparation, 31
teaching as “women’s work”, 16–18
Gardner, Howard
, 106
Garfield, James
, 61
“General school-keeping”
, 12
Goals 2000 Educate America Act
, 119–121
Greene, Maxine
, 103–104
Grow Your Own Teacher programs
, 157–158
Gun control
, 1
Hall, G. Stanley
, 68–69
Hall, Samuel Read
, 12–13
Hall’s method
, 69–70
Harding, Warren G.
, 61
Harris, Ian
, 104
Harris, William Torrey
, 68
Head Start
, 95
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth
, 16–17
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs)
, 30, 153–154
Homestead Act
, 29
Imbalances, 35
Improving America’s Schools Act (IASA), 6, 120–121
In-system programs, 60–65
Indigenous Peoples’ Day, 117–118
Inequities in education, 35
Influence of an Early Education
, 35–36
Isawa, Shuji, 43
Jim Crow, 6
preparing teachers of color under, 77–83
Jim Crow Laws, 68
Job Corps, 95
Kilpatrick, William Heard, 72–73
Laboratory school, 72–73, 75
Lamson, Mary Swift, 51–52
Lancaster, Joseph, 64
Land-grant universities, 65
Lau, Kinney (Lau v. Nichols), 93
“Law of Effect”, 71–72
Learning, 72
Learning Policy Institute, 156
Lectures on School-Keeping
, 14–15
Lectures to Female Teachers
, 15–16
Lexington Normal School, 38, 46
LGBTQ students and families, 117–118
Liberator
, 49
Lincoln Normal School at Marion, 41
Lyon, Mary, 22
Mann, Horace, 35–37
Martin, Jane Roland, 3
Martin’s theory, 3
Massachusetts Curriculum Standards, 120
Master of Arts in Teaching (M. A. T.), 98–99
McAuliffe, Christa, 110–111
McGuffey’s Readers, 20–21
Meier, Deborah, 105
Mid-to-Late Twentieth Century, teachers preparation in
participants in college and university teacher education programs, 107–109
social and political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States, 91–98
structure and curriculum of college and university teacher education programs, 98–107
Middle Atlantic States Philosophy of Education Society, 103–104
Miner, Myrtilla, 27–28
“Model School Course”, 65
Model schools, 46
Monitorial System, 64
Morrill, Justin, 74
Morrill Act of 1862, 29, 60, 65–66, 74
Multicultural education, 103
Multiple intelligences (MI), 106
Music education, 43
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 111
National Antislavery Standard
, 50
National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 97
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 50, 83
National Association of Teachers in Colored Schools (NATCS), 83
National Board of Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS), 157
National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES), 4–5
National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE), 106–107, 126–127
National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS), 102
National Council on Teacher Quality (NCTQ), 126
National Defense Education Act (NDEA), 96
National Education Association (NEA), 97
National Governors Association (NGA), 120
National/Federal Policies and Support, 156–159
Native Americans/First Nation, 64, 117–118
Native teachers, 2
Nieto, Sonia, 103
NINE9/11 terrorist attacks, 117
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), 6, 96, 123–124, 141–142
Noam, Gil., 139–140
Noddings, Nel, 104
Normal school model, 91
Norton, Arthur, 46
Nye, Susan, 18
Oberlin College in Ohio, 26
Ogren, Christine, 39
Old Deluder Satan Act, 9–10
“Outward-facing” strategies, 149
Partnerships in Education and Resilience (PEAR), 151
Pedagogical models, 68
“Pedagogical progressives”, 70
Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 130
Penn School, 26–28, 78
Political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States, 91–98
“Port Royal Experiment”, 26–27
Post-Revolutionary War 1777 Constitution, 10
Post-war Reconstruction, 28
Poverty rates, 1
Practicum experiences, 3, 133–134
Pre-practicum experiences, 133–134
“Preceptresses”, 66–67
Preparing Teachers for Deeper Learning
, 150–151
Prepracticum experiences, 3
Primary sources, 4–5
Professional development school models, 147–148
Professional education, 68–69
Program content, 148–149
Progressive education, 76
Progressive Education movement, 6
Progressive Paradox, 70–77
“Progressive” educators, 70
Prussian influence on normal schools, 37
Psychology, 59
Public responsibility for teacher preparation, 31
Public School Administration
, 71
Public schools, 59
declining faith in, 143–144
Quality of teaching, 98
“Radical Republicans”, 28
Ravitch, Diane, 103
Reagan, Ronald, 111
Reconstruction, 5, 26–27
Reflection, 151
Religion, 46
Remote learning, 1–2
“Republican womanhood”, 16
Resistance, 77–83
Resourcefulness, 77–83
Robust economy, 10–11
Robust educational system, 10–11
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 61
Rural teachers, 61–62
Rural teaching, 61
Rush, Benjamin, 17–18
Russel, Rebecca, 25–26
Sarmiento, Domingo, 43
School Development Program (SDP), 132
Schooling of children, 9
Scripture, 46
“Second Great Awakening”, 18
Second Morrill Act (1890), 65–66
Secondary education, 3, 100–101, 127
Secondary sources, 4–5
Segregation, 41–42
Sense of civic responsibility, 10–11
Sheltered English Immersion (SEI), 131
Slavery, 5, 26, 83, 158
Social contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States, 91–98
Social efficiency, 71
Social Emotional Learning (SEL), 128, 151
Social intelligence, 74
Social justice, 91
Social Service of Industry (SESI), 130
“Social-emotional development”, 151
Sociology, 59
Space Race, 6, 96, 111–112
Spanish-American Normal School, 42
Special education, 1, 45, 101, 127
Standards for certification, 91
State level influence on education, 3, 11, 37, 118–119
State Normal School in New Britain, 39, 45
State normal schools, 35–43
Branch State Normal School of California in Los Angeles, 40
Lexington Normal School, 38
movement, 42–43
State Normal School at New Britain, 39
structure and curriculum of, 44–47
State teachers’colleges, 65
States responsibility for teacher preparation
state normal schools, 35–43
structure and curriculum of state normal schools, 44–47
students, 48–55
STEM teacher education program, 124–125
Structure of college and university teacher education programs, 98–107
Structure of state normal schools, 44–47
Student teaching, 98, 100–101, 150
Students, 48–55
of twenty-first century teacher preparation programs, 134–135
Supplemental Education Services (SES), 123
Swift, Mary, 46
Talks on Pedagogies
, 72–73
Teach for America (TFA), 106–107, 145
Teacher education, 59
expanding access to, 60–65
normal schools move to state colleges and universities, 65–67
problem of, 146
Smith School Near Sunflower, Mississippi, 60
in US, 59
Teacher Education Accreditation Council (TEAC), 126–127
Teacher Education Curriculum, 68–70
Teacher education programs, structure and curriculum of college and university, 98–107
Teacher Institutes, 60–65
Teacher licensure exams, 3, 124–125
Teacher preparation in Twenty-first century United States
current challenges in teacher preparation, 141–147
models for practice, 147–159
recommendations for National/Federal Policies and Support, 156–159
recommendations related to program content, 147–152
recommendations related to program form and structure, 152–156
Teacher preparation programs, 2–4
curriculum content of early twenty-first century, 126–133
federal acts shaped Twenty-first century, 119–126
patchwork of, 11–13
public responsibility for, 31
students of twenty-first century, 134–135
Teacher residency programs, 143, 154, 157–158
Teacher shortage, 12–13, 135, 143, 157
Teachers
education of Black Americans and, 27–31
Teaching, 13–14, 35–36, 147–148, 154–155
as “women’s work”, 16–18
declining interest in teaching as career, 143
Teaching profession
expanding access to teacher education, 60–65
preparing teachers of color under Jim Crow, 77–83
progressive paradox, 70–77
Teacher Education Curriculum, 68–70
Teens For Gun Reform, 117–118
The Common School Journal
, 47
The Practical Teacher
, 72–73
Thematic threads, 3
Thorndike, Edward, 70–72
Tokyo Normal School, 43
Topical Action Group on the Internationalization of Teacher Education, 150
“Transcript of Morrill Act”, 29
Transforming Teacher Education for Social Justice
, 148
Tuskegee Institute, 40, 52–53
Twenty-first century children, 1
learning of, 1
Twenty-first century teacher preparation programs
COVID Pandemic, 133–134
Creative Commons, 117
curriculum content of early, 126–133
federal acts shaped, 119–126
students of, 134–135
in United States, 117
Tyack, David, 65
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 23–24
United States
children enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools in, 1
COVID-19 pandemic and children education in, 1–2
educated citizenship in, 35
formal teacher preparation in, 6–7
research methodology, 4
social and political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century, 91–98
teacher preparation programs in, 3–4
United States Department of Education, 97
University of Illinois, 101
University of Iowa, 66
University of Michigan, 66
University of Virginia, 10
University teacher education programs
participants in, 107–109
structure and curriculum of, 98–107
University-based education program, 66–67
Up From Slavery (Davidson), 54
US Land Ordinance, 19–20
US Secretary of Education, 125–126
US teacher preparation, 145
USA Patriot Act (2001), 117
Voice of the Fugitive
, 48
War on Poverty, 91, 93, 95
and ESEA, 95–96
Washington, Booker T., 52–53, 77–78
Western migration, 31
White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, 10
Willard, Emma, 5, 17, 19
Woodson, Carter, 83
World Health Organization (WHO), 133
Young, Ella Flagg, 72–75
Young Republic
education in Early America and New Republic, 9–11
education of Black Americans and teachers, 27–31
female seminaries prepare missionary teachers, 18–27
patchwork of programs for teacher preparation, 11–13
public responsibility for teacher preparation, 31
teaching as “women’s work”, 16–18
Imbalances
, 35
Improving America’s Schools Act (IASA)
, 6, 120–121
In-system programs
, 60–65
Indigenous Peoples’ Day
, 117–118
Inequities in education
, 35
Influence of an Early Education
, 35–36
Isawa, Shuji
, 43
Jim Crow
, 6
preparing teachers of color under
, 77–83
Jim Crow Laws
, 68
Job Corps
, 95
Kilpatrick, William Heard, 72–73
Laboratory school, 72–73, 75
Lamson, Mary Swift, 51–52
Lancaster, Joseph, 64
Land-grant universities, 65
Lau, Kinney (Lau v. Nichols), 93
“Law of Effect”, 71–72
Learning, 72
Learning Policy Institute, 156
Lectures on School-Keeping
, 14–15
Lectures to Female Teachers
, 15–16
Lexington Normal School, 38, 46
LGBTQ students and families, 117–118
Liberator
, 49
Lincoln Normal School at Marion, 41
Lyon, Mary, 22
Mann, Horace, 35–37
Martin, Jane Roland, 3
Martin’s theory, 3
Massachusetts Curriculum Standards, 120
Master of Arts in Teaching (M. A. T.), 98–99
McAuliffe, Christa, 110–111
McGuffey’s Readers, 20–21
Meier, Deborah, 105
Mid-to-Late Twentieth Century, teachers preparation in
participants in college and university teacher education programs, 107–109
social and political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States, 91–98
structure and curriculum of college and university teacher education programs, 98–107
Middle Atlantic States Philosophy of Education Society, 103–104
Miner, Myrtilla, 27–28
“Model School Course”, 65
Model schools, 46
Monitorial System, 64
Morrill, Justin, 74
Morrill Act of 1862, 29, 60, 65–66, 74
Multicultural education, 103
Multiple intelligences (MI), 106
Music education, 43
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 111
National Antislavery Standard
, 50
National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 97
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 50, 83
National Association of Teachers in Colored Schools (NATCS), 83
National Board of Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS), 157
National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES), 4–5
National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE), 106–107, 126–127
National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS), 102
National Council on Teacher Quality (NCTQ), 126
National Defense Education Act (NDEA), 96
National Education Association (NEA), 97
National Governors Association (NGA), 120
National/Federal Policies and Support, 156–159
Native Americans/First Nation, 64, 117–118
Native teachers, 2
Nieto, Sonia, 103
NINE9/11 terrorist attacks, 117
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), 6, 96, 123–124, 141–142
Noam, Gil., 139–140
Noddings, Nel, 104
Normal school model, 91
Norton, Arthur, 46
Nye, Susan, 18
Oberlin College in Ohio, 26
Ogren, Christine, 39
Old Deluder Satan Act, 9–10
“Outward-facing” strategies, 149
Partnerships in Education and Resilience (PEAR), 151
Pedagogical models, 68
“Pedagogical progressives”, 70
Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 130
Penn School, 26–28, 78
Political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States, 91–98
“Port Royal Experiment”, 26–27
Post-Revolutionary War 1777 Constitution, 10
Post-war Reconstruction, 28
Poverty rates, 1
Practicum experiences, 3, 133–134
Pre-practicum experiences, 133–134
“Preceptresses”, 66–67
Preparing Teachers for Deeper Learning
, 150–151
Prepracticum experiences, 3
Primary sources, 4–5
Professional development school models, 147–148
Professional education, 68–69
Program content, 148–149
Progressive education, 76
Progressive Education movement, 6
Progressive Paradox, 70–77
“Progressive” educators, 70
Prussian influence on normal schools, 37
Psychology, 59
Public responsibility for teacher preparation, 31
Public School Administration
, 71
Public schools, 59
declining faith in, 143–144
Quality of teaching, 98
“Radical Republicans”, 28
Ravitch, Diane, 103
Reagan, Ronald, 111
Reconstruction, 5, 26–27
Reflection, 151
Religion, 46
Remote learning, 1–2
“Republican womanhood”, 16
Resistance, 77–83
Resourcefulness, 77–83
Robust economy, 10–11
Robust educational system, 10–11
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 61
Rural teachers, 61–62
Rural teaching, 61
Rush, Benjamin, 17–18
Russel, Rebecca, 25–26
Sarmiento, Domingo, 43
School Development Program (SDP), 132
Schooling of children, 9
Scripture, 46
“Second Great Awakening”, 18
Second Morrill Act (1890), 65–66
Secondary education, 3, 100–101, 127
Secondary sources, 4–5
Segregation, 41–42
Sense of civic responsibility, 10–11
Sheltered English Immersion (SEI), 131
Slavery, 5, 26, 83, 158
Social contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States, 91–98
Social efficiency, 71
Social Emotional Learning (SEL), 128, 151
Social intelligence, 74
Social justice, 91
Social Service of Industry (SESI), 130
“Social-emotional development”, 151
Sociology, 59
Space Race, 6, 96, 111–112
Spanish-American Normal School, 42
Special education, 1, 45, 101, 127
Standards for certification, 91
State level influence on education, 3, 11, 37, 118–119
State Normal School in New Britain, 39, 45
State normal schools, 35–43
Branch State Normal School of California in Los Angeles, 40
Lexington Normal School, 38
movement, 42–43
State Normal School at New Britain, 39
structure and curriculum of, 44–47
State teachers’colleges, 65
States responsibility for teacher preparation
state normal schools, 35–43
structure and curriculum of state normal schools, 44–47
students, 48–55
STEM teacher education program, 124–125
Structure of college and university teacher education programs, 98–107
Structure of state normal schools, 44–47
Student teaching, 98, 100–101, 150
Students, 48–55
of twenty-first century teacher preparation programs, 134–135
Supplemental Education Services (SES), 123
Swift, Mary, 46
Talks on Pedagogies
, 72–73
Teach for America (TFA), 106–107, 145
Teacher education, 59
expanding access to, 60–65
normal schools move to state colleges and universities, 65–67
problem of, 146
Smith School Near Sunflower, Mississippi, 60
in US, 59
Teacher Education Accreditation Council (TEAC), 126–127
Teacher Education Curriculum, 68–70
Teacher education programs, structure and curriculum of college and university, 98–107
Teacher Institutes, 60–65
Teacher licensure exams, 3, 124–125
Teacher preparation in Twenty-first century United States
current challenges in teacher preparation, 141–147
models for practice, 147–159
recommendations for National/Federal Policies and Support, 156–159
recommendations related to program content, 147–152
recommendations related to program form and structure, 152–156
Teacher preparation programs, 2–4
curriculum content of early twenty-first century, 126–133
federal acts shaped Twenty-first century, 119–126
patchwork of, 11–13
public responsibility for, 31
students of twenty-first century, 134–135
Teacher residency programs, 143, 154, 157–158
Teacher shortage, 12–13, 135, 143, 157
Teachers
education of Black Americans and, 27–31
Teaching, 13–14, 35–36, 147–148, 154–155
as “women’s work”, 16–18
declining interest in teaching as career, 143
Teaching profession
expanding access to teacher education, 60–65
preparing teachers of color under Jim Crow, 77–83
progressive paradox, 70–77
Teacher Education Curriculum, 68–70
Teens For Gun Reform, 117–118
The Common School Journal
, 47
The Practical Teacher
, 72–73
Thematic threads, 3
Thorndike, Edward, 70–72
Tokyo Normal School, 43
Topical Action Group on the Internationalization of Teacher Education, 150
“Transcript of Morrill Act”, 29
Transforming Teacher Education for Social Justice
, 148
Tuskegee Institute, 40, 52–53
Twenty-first century children, 1
learning of, 1
Twenty-first century teacher preparation programs
COVID Pandemic, 133–134
Creative Commons, 117
curriculum content of early, 126–133
federal acts shaped, 119–126
students of, 134–135
in United States, 117
Tyack, David, 65
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 23–24
United States
children enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools in, 1
COVID-19 pandemic and children education in, 1–2
educated citizenship in, 35
formal teacher preparation in, 6–7
research methodology, 4
social and political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century, 91–98
teacher preparation programs in, 3–4
United States Department of Education, 97
University of Illinois, 101
University of Iowa, 66
University of Michigan, 66
University of Virginia, 10
University teacher education programs
participants in, 107–109
structure and curriculum of, 98–107
University-based education program, 66–67
Up From Slavery (Davidson), 54
US Land Ordinance, 19–20
US Secretary of Education, 125–126
US teacher preparation, 145
USA Patriot Act (2001), 117
Voice of the Fugitive
, 48
War on Poverty, 91, 93, 95
and ESEA, 95–96
Washington, Booker T., 52–53, 77–78
Western migration, 31
White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, 10
Willard, Emma, 5, 17, 19
Woodson, Carter, 83
World Health Organization (WHO), 133
Young, Ella Flagg, 72–75
Young Republic
education in Early America and New Republic, 9–11
education of Black Americans and teachers, 27–31
female seminaries prepare missionary teachers, 18–27
patchwork of programs for teacher preparation, 11–13
public responsibility for teacher preparation, 31
teaching as “women’s work”, 16–18
Kilpatrick, William Heard
, 72–73
Laboratory school
, 72–73, 75
Lamson, Mary Swift
, 51–52
Lancaster, Joseph
, 64
Land-grant universities
, 65
Lau, Kinney (Lau v. Nichols)
, 93
“Law of Effect”
, 71–72
Learning
, 72
Learning Policy Institute
, 156
Lectures on School-Keeping
, 14–15
Lectures to Female Teachers
, 15–16
Lexington Normal School
, 38, 46
LGBTQ students and families
, 117–118
Liberator
, 49
Lincoln Normal School at Marion
, 41
Lyon, Mary
, 22
Mann, Horace, 35–37
Martin, Jane Roland, 3
Martin’s theory, 3
Massachusetts Curriculum Standards, 120
Master of Arts in Teaching (M. A. T.), 98–99
McAuliffe, Christa, 110–111
McGuffey’s Readers, 20–21
Meier, Deborah, 105
Mid-to-Late Twentieth Century, teachers preparation in
participants in college and university teacher education programs, 107–109
social and political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States, 91–98
structure and curriculum of college and university teacher education programs, 98–107
Middle Atlantic States Philosophy of Education Society, 103–104
Miner, Myrtilla, 27–28
“Model School Course”, 65
Model schools, 46
Monitorial System, 64
Morrill, Justin, 74
Morrill Act of 1862, 29, 60, 65–66, 74
Multicultural education, 103
Multiple intelligences (MI), 106
Music education, 43
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 111
National Antislavery Standard
, 50
National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 97
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 50, 83
National Association of Teachers in Colored Schools (NATCS), 83
National Board of Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS), 157
National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES), 4–5
National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE), 106–107, 126–127
National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS), 102
National Council on Teacher Quality (NCTQ), 126
National Defense Education Act (NDEA), 96
National Education Association (NEA), 97
National Governors Association (NGA), 120
National/Federal Policies and Support, 156–159
Native Americans/First Nation, 64, 117–118
Native teachers, 2
Nieto, Sonia, 103
NINE9/11 terrorist attacks, 117
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), 6, 96, 123–124, 141–142
Noam, Gil., 139–140
Noddings, Nel, 104
Normal school model, 91
Norton, Arthur, 46
Nye, Susan, 18
Oberlin College in Ohio, 26
Ogren, Christine, 39
Old Deluder Satan Act, 9–10
“Outward-facing” strategies, 149
Partnerships in Education and Resilience (PEAR), 151
Pedagogical models, 68
“Pedagogical progressives”, 70
Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 130
Penn School, 26–28, 78
Political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States, 91–98
“Port Royal Experiment”, 26–27
Post-Revolutionary War 1777 Constitution, 10
Post-war Reconstruction, 28
Poverty rates, 1
Practicum experiences, 3, 133–134
Pre-practicum experiences, 133–134
“Preceptresses”, 66–67
Preparing Teachers for Deeper Learning
, 150–151
Prepracticum experiences, 3
Primary sources, 4–5
Professional development school models, 147–148
Professional education, 68–69
Program content, 148–149
Progressive education, 76
Progressive Education movement, 6
Progressive Paradox, 70–77
“Progressive” educators, 70
Prussian influence on normal schools, 37
Psychology, 59
Public responsibility for teacher preparation, 31
Public School Administration
, 71
Public schools, 59
declining faith in, 143–144
Quality of teaching, 98
“Radical Republicans”, 28
Ravitch, Diane, 103
Reagan, Ronald, 111
Reconstruction, 5, 26–27
Reflection, 151
Religion, 46
Remote learning, 1–2
“Republican womanhood”, 16
Resistance, 77–83
Resourcefulness, 77–83
Robust economy, 10–11
Robust educational system, 10–11
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 61
Rural teachers, 61–62
Rural teaching, 61
Rush, Benjamin, 17–18
Russel, Rebecca, 25–26
Sarmiento, Domingo, 43
School Development Program (SDP), 132
Schooling of children, 9
Scripture, 46
“Second Great Awakening”, 18
Second Morrill Act (1890), 65–66
Secondary education, 3, 100–101, 127
Secondary sources, 4–5
Segregation, 41–42
Sense of civic responsibility, 10–11
Sheltered English Immersion (SEI), 131
Slavery, 5, 26, 83, 158
Social contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States, 91–98
Social efficiency, 71
Social Emotional Learning (SEL), 128, 151
Social intelligence, 74
Social justice, 91
Social Service of Industry (SESI), 130
“Social-emotional development”, 151
Sociology, 59
Space Race, 6, 96, 111–112
Spanish-American Normal School, 42
Special education, 1, 45, 101, 127
Standards for certification, 91
State level influence on education, 3, 11, 37, 118–119
State Normal School in New Britain, 39, 45
State normal schools, 35–43
Branch State Normal School of California in Los Angeles, 40
Lexington Normal School, 38
movement, 42–43
State Normal School at New Britain, 39
structure and curriculum of, 44–47
State teachers’colleges, 65
States responsibility for teacher preparation
state normal schools, 35–43
structure and curriculum of state normal schools, 44–47
students, 48–55
STEM teacher education program, 124–125
Structure of college and university teacher education programs, 98–107
Structure of state normal schools, 44–47
Student teaching, 98, 100–101, 150
Students, 48–55
of twenty-first century teacher preparation programs, 134–135
Supplemental Education Services (SES), 123
Swift, Mary, 46
Talks on Pedagogies
, 72–73
Teach for America (TFA), 106–107, 145
Teacher education, 59
expanding access to, 60–65
normal schools move to state colleges and universities, 65–67
problem of, 146
Smith School Near Sunflower, Mississippi, 60
in US, 59
Teacher Education Accreditation Council (TEAC), 126–127
Teacher Education Curriculum, 68–70
Teacher education programs, structure and curriculum of college and university, 98–107
Teacher Institutes, 60–65
Teacher licensure exams, 3, 124–125
Teacher preparation in Twenty-first century United States
current challenges in teacher preparation, 141–147
models for practice, 147–159
recommendations for National/Federal Policies and Support, 156–159
recommendations related to program content, 147–152
recommendations related to program form and structure, 152–156
Teacher preparation programs, 2–4
curriculum content of early twenty-first century, 126–133
federal acts shaped Twenty-first century, 119–126
patchwork of, 11–13
public responsibility for, 31
students of twenty-first century, 134–135
Teacher residency programs, 143, 154, 157–158
Teacher shortage, 12–13, 135, 143, 157
Teachers
education of Black Americans and, 27–31
Teaching, 13–14, 35–36, 147–148, 154–155
as “women’s work”, 16–18
declining interest in teaching as career, 143
Teaching profession
expanding access to teacher education, 60–65
preparing teachers of color under Jim Crow, 77–83
progressive paradox, 70–77
Teacher Education Curriculum, 68–70
Teens For Gun Reform, 117–118
The Common School Journal
, 47
The Practical Teacher
, 72–73
Thematic threads, 3
Thorndike, Edward, 70–72
Tokyo Normal School, 43
Topical Action Group on the Internationalization of Teacher Education, 150
“Transcript of Morrill Act”, 29
Transforming Teacher Education for Social Justice
, 148
Tuskegee Institute, 40, 52–53
Twenty-first century children, 1
learning of, 1
Twenty-first century teacher preparation programs
COVID Pandemic, 133–134
Creative Commons, 117
curriculum content of early, 126–133
federal acts shaped, 119–126
students of, 134–135
in United States, 117
Tyack, David, 65
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 23–24
United States
children enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools in, 1
COVID-19 pandemic and children education in, 1–2
educated citizenship in, 35
formal teacher preparation in, 6–7
research methodology, 4
social and political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century, 91–98
teacher preparation programs in, 3–4
United States Department of Education, 97
University of Illinois, 101
University of Iowa, 66
University of Michigan, 66
University of Virginia, 10
University teacher education programs
participants in, 107–109
structure and curriculum of, 98–107
University-based education program, 66–67
Up From Slavery (Davidson), 54
US Land Ordinance, 19–20
US Secretary of Education, 125–126
US teacher preparation, 145
USA Patriot Act (2001), 117
Voice of the Fugitive
, 48
War on Poverty, 91, 93, 95
and ESEA, 95–96
Washington, Booker T., 52–53, 77–78
Western migration, 31
White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, 10
Willard, Emma, 5, 17, 19
Woodson, Carter, 83
World Health Organization (WHO), 133
Young, Ella Flagg, 72–75
Young Republic
education in Early America and New Republic, 9–11
education of Black Americans and teachers, 27–31
female seminaries prepare missionary teachers, 18–27
patchwork of programs for teacher preparation, 11–13
public responsibility for teacher preparation, 31
teaching as “women’s work”, 16–18
Mann, Horace
, 35–37
Martin, Jane Roland
, 3
Martin’s theory
, 3
Massachusetts Curriculum Standards
, 120
Master of Arts in Teaching (M. A. T.)
, 98–99
McAuliffe, Christa
, 110–111
McGuffey’s Readers
, 20–21
Meier, Deborah
, 105
Mid-to-Late Twentieth Century, teachers preparation in
participants in college and university teacher education programs
, 107–109
social and political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States
, 91–98
structure and curriculum of college and university teacher education programs
, 98–107
Middle Atlantic States Philosophy of Education Society
, 103–104
Miner, Myrtilla
, 27–28
“Model School Course”
, 65
Model schools
, 46
Monitorial System
, 64
Morrill, Justin
, 74
Morrill Act of 1862
, 29, 60, 65–66, 74
Multicultural education
, 103
Multiple intelligences (MI)
, 106
Music education
, 43
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
, 111
National Antislavery Standard
, 50
National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)
, 97
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
, 50, 83
National Association of Teachers in Colored Schools (NATCS)
, 83
National Board of Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS)
, 157
National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES)
, 4–5
National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE)
, 106–107, 126–127
National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS)
, 102
National Council on Teacher Quality (NCTQ)
, 126
National Defense Education Act (NDEA)
, 96
National Education Association (NEA)
, 97
National Governors Association (NGA)
, 120
National/Federal Policies and Support
, 156–159
Native Americans/First Nation
, 64, 117–118
Native teachers
, 2
Nieto, Sonia
, 103
NINE9/11 terrorist attacks
, 117
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
, 6, 96, 123–124, 141–142
Noam, Gil.
, 139–140
Noddings, Nel
, 104
Normal school model
, 91
Norton, Arthur
, 46
Nye, Susan
, 18
Oberlin College in Ohio, 26
Ogren, Christine, 39
Old Deluder Satan Act, 9–10
“Outward-facing” strategies, 149
Partnerships in Education and Resilience (PEAR), 151
Pedagogical models, 68
“Pedagogical progressives”, 70
Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 130
Penn School, 26–28, 78
Political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States, 91–98
“Port Royal Experiment”, 26–27
Post-Revolutionary War 1777 Constitution, 10
Post-war Reconstruction, 28
Poverty rates, 1
Practicum experiences, 3, 133–134
Pre-practicum experiences, 133–134
“Preceptresses”, 66–67
Preparing Teachers for Deeper Learning
, 150–151
Prepracticum experiences, 3
Primary sources, 4–5
Professional development school models, 147–148
Professional education, 68–69
Program content, 148–149
Progressive education, 76
Progressive Education movement, 6
Progressive Paradox, 70–77
“Progressive” educators, 70
Prussian influence on normal schools, 37
Psychology, 59
Public responsibility for teacher preparation, 31
Public School Administration
, 71
Public schools, 59
declining faith in, 143–144
Quality of teaching, 98
“Radical Republicans”, 28
Ravitch, Diane, 103
Reagan, Ronald, 111
Reconstruction, 5, 26–27
Reflection, 151
Religion, 46
Remote learning, 1–2
“Republican womanhood”, 16
Resistance, 77–83
Resourcefulness, 77–83
Robust economy, 10–11
Robust educational system, 10–11
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 61
Rural teachers, 61–62
Rural teaching, 61
Rush, Benjamin, 17–18
Russel, Rebecca, 25–26
Sarmiento, Domingo, 43
School Development Program (SDP), 132
Schooling of children, 9
Scripture, 46
“Second Great Awakening”, 18
Second Morrill Act (1890), 65–66
Secondary education, 3, 100–101, 127
Secondary sources, 4–5
Segregation, 41–42
Sense of civic responsibility, 10–11
Sheltered English Immersion (SEI), 131
Slavery, 5, 26, 83, 158
Social contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States, 91–98
Social efficiency, 71
Social Emotional Learning (SEL), 128, 151
Social intelligence, 74
Social justice, 91
Social Service of Industry (SESI), 130
“Social-emotional development”, 151
Sociology, 59
Space Race, 6, 96, 111–112
Spanish-American Normal School, 42
Special education, 1, 45, 101, 127
Standards for certification, 91
State level influence on education, 3, 11, 37, 118–119
State Normal School in New Britain, 39, 45
State normal schools, 35–43
Branch State Normal School of California in Los Angeles, 40
Lexington Normal School, 38
movement, 42–43
State Normal School at New Britain, 39
structure and curriculum of, 44–47
State teachers’colleges, 65
States responsibility for teacher preparation
state normal schools, 35–43
structure and curriculum of state normal schools, 44–47
students, 48–55
STEM teacher education program, 124–125
Structure of college and university teacher education programs, 98–107
Structure of state normal schools, 44–47
Student teaching, 98, 100–101, 150
Students, 48–55
of twenty-first century teacher preparation programs, 134–135
Supplemental Education Services (SES), 123
Swift, Mary, 46
Talks on Pedagogies
, 72–73
Teach for America (TFA), 106–107, 145
Teacher education, 59
expanding access to, 60–65
normal schools move to state colleges and universities, 65–67
problem of, 146
Smith School Near Sunflower, Mississippi, 60
in US, 59
Teacher Education Accreditation Council (TEAC), 126–127
Teacher Education Curriculum, 68–70
Teacher education programs, structure and curriculum of college and university, 98–107
Teacher Institutes, 60–65
Teacher licensure exams, 3, 124–125
Teacher preparation in Twenty-first century United States
current challenges in teacher preparation, 141–147
models for practice, 147–159
recommendations for National/Federal Policies and Support, 156–159
recommendations related to program content, 147–152
recommendations related to program form and structure, 152–156
Teacher preparation programs, 2–4
curriculum content of early twenty-first century, 126–133
federal acts shaped Twenty-first century, 119–126
patchwork of, 11–13
public responsibility for, 31
students of twenty-first century, 134–135
Teacher residency programs, 143, 154, 157–158
Teacher shortage, 12–13, 135, 143, 157
Teachers
education of Black Americans and, 27–31
Teaching, 13–14, 35–36, 147–148, 154–155
as “women’s work”, 16–18
declining interest in teaching as career, 143
Teaching profession
expanding access to teacher education, 60–65
preparing teachers of color under Jim Crow, 77–83
progressive paradox, 70–77
Teacher Education Curriculum, 68–70
Teens For Gun Reform, 117–118
The Common School Journal
, 47
The Practical Teacher
, 72–73
Thematic threads, 3
Thorndike, Edward, 70–72
Tokyo Normal School, 43
Topical Action Group on the Internationalization of Teacher Education, 150
“Transcript of Morrill Act”, 29
Transforming Teacher Education for Social Justice
, 148
Tuskegee Institute, 40, 52–53
Twenty-first century children, 1
learning of, 1
Twenty-first century teacher preparation programs
COVID Pandemic, 133–134
Creative Commons, 117
curriculum content of early, 126–133
federal acts shaped, 119–126
students of, 134–135
in United States, 117
Tyack, David, 65
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 23–24
United States
children enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools in, 1
COVID-19 pandemic and children education in, 1–2
educated citizenship in, 35
formal teacher preparation in, 6–7
research methodology, 4
social and political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century, 91–98
teacher preparation programs in, 3–4
United States Department of Education, 97
University of Illinois, 101
University of Iowa, 66
University of Michigan, 66
University of Virginia, 10
University teacher education programs
participants in, 107–109
structure and curriculum of, 98–107
University-based education program, 66–67
Up From Slavery (Davidson), 54
US Land Ordinance, 19–20
US Secretary of Education, 125–126
US teacher preparation, 145
USA Patriot Act (2001), 117
Voice of the Fugitive
, 48
War on Poverty, 91, 93, 95
and ESEA, 95–96
Washington, Booker T., 52–53, 77–78
Western migration, 31
White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, 10
Willard, Emma, 5, 17, 19
Woodson, Carter, 83
World Health Organization (WHO), 133
Young, Ella Flagg, 72–75
Young Republic
education in Early America and New Republic, 9–11
education of Black Americans and teachers, 27–31
female seminaries prepare missionary teachers, 18–27
patchwork of programs for teacher preparation, 11–13
public responsibility for teacher preparation, 31
teaching as “women’s work”, 16–18
Oberlin College in Ohio
, 26
Ogren, Christine
, 39
Old Deluder Satan Act
, 9–10
“Outward-facing” strategies
, 149
Partnerships in Education and Resilience (PEAR)
, 151
Pedagogical models
, 68
“Pedagogical progressives”
, 70
Pedagogy of the Oppressed
, 130
Penn School
, 26–28, 78
Political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States
, 91–98
“Port Royal Experiment”
, 26–27
Post-Revolutionary War 1777 Constitution
, 10
Post-war Reconstruction
, 28
Poverty rates
, 1
Practicum experiences
, 3, 133–134
Pre-practicum experiences
, 133–134
“Preceptresses”
, 66–67
Preparing Teachers for Deeper Learning
, 150–151
Prepracticum experiences
, 3
Primary sources
, 4–5
Professional development school models
, 147–148
Professional education
, 68–69
Program content
, 148–149
Progressive education
, 76
Progressive Education movement
, 6
Progressive Paradox
, 70–77
“Progressive” educators
, 70
Prussian influence on normal schools
, 37
Psychology
, 59
Public responsibility for teacher preparation
, 31
Public School Administration
, 71
Public schools
, 59
declining faith in
, 143–144
Quality of teaching, 98
“Radical Republicans”, 28
Ravitch, Diane, 103
Reagan, Ronald, 111
Reconstruction, 5, 26–27
Reflection, 151
Religion, 46
Remote learning, 1–2
“Republican womanhood”, 16
Resistance, 77–83
Resourcefulness, 77–83
Robust economy, 10–11
Robust educational system, 10–11
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 61
Rural teachers, 61–62
Rural teaching, 61
Rush, Benjamin, 17–18
Russel, Rebecca, 25–26
Sarmiento, Domingo, 43
School Development Program (SDP), 132
Schooling of children, 9
Scripture, 46
“Second Great Awakening”, 18
Second Morrill Act (1890), 65–66
Secondary education, 3, 100–101, 127
Secondary sources, 4–5
Segregation, 41–42
Sense of civic responsibility, 10–11
Sheltered English Immersion (SEI), 131
Slavery, 5, 26, 83, 158
Social contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States, 91–98
Social efficiency, 71
Social Emotional Learning (SEL), 128, 151
Social intelligence, 74
Social justice, 91
Social Service of Industry (SESI), 130
“Social-emotional development”, 151
Sociology, 59
Space Race, 6, 96, 111–112
Spanish-American Normal School, 42
Special education, 1, 45, 101, 127
Standards for certification, 91
State level influence on education, 3, 11, 37, 118–119
State Normal School in New Britain, 39, 45
State normal schools, 35–43
Branch State Normal School of California in Los Angeles, 40
Lexington Normal School, 38
movement, 42–43
State Normal School at New Britain, 39
structure and curriculum of, 44–47
State teachers’colleges, 65
States responsibility for teacher preparation
state normal schools, 35–43
structure and curriculum of state normal schools, 44–47
students, 48–55
STEM teacher education program, 124–125
Structure of college and university teacher education programs, 98–107
Structure of state normal schools, 44–47
Student teaching, 98, 100–101, 150
Students, 48–55
of twenty-first century teacher preparation programs, 134–135
Supplemental Education Services (SES), 123
Swift, Mary, 46
Talks on Pedagogies
, 72–73
Teach for America (TFA), 106–107, 145
Teacher education, 59
expanding access to, 60–65
normal schools move to state colleges and universities, 65–67
problem of, 146
Smith School Near Sunflower, Mississippi, 60
in US, 59
Teacher Education Accreditation Council (TEAC), 126–127
Teacher Education Curriculum, 68–70
Teacher education programs, structure and curriculum of college and university, 98–107
Teacher Institutes, 60–65
Teacher licensure exams, 3, 124–125
Teacher preparation in Twenty-first century United States
current challenges in teacher preparation, 141–147
models for practice, 147–159
recommendations for National/Federal Policies and Support, 156–159
recommendations related to program content, 147–152
recommendations related to program form and structure, 152–156
Teacher preparation programs, 2–4
curriculum content of early twenty-first century, 126–133
federal acts shaped Twenty-first century, 119–126
patchwork of, 11–13
public responsibility for, 31
students of twenty-first century, 134–135
Teacher residency programs, 143, 154, 157–158
Teacher shortage, 12–13, 135, 143, 157
Teachers
education of Black Americans and, 27–31
Teaching, 13–14, 35–36, 147–148, 154–155
as “women’s work”, 16–18
declining interest in teaching as career, 143
Teaching profession
expanding access to teacher education, 60–65
preparing teachers of color under Jim Crow, 77–83
progressive paradox, 70–77
Teacher Education Curriculum, 68–70
Teens For Gun Reform, 117–118
The Common School Journal
, 47
The Practical Teacher
, 72–73
Thematic threads, 3
Thorndike, Edward, 70–72
Tokyo Normal School, 43
Topical Action Group on the Internationalization of Teacher Education, 150
“Transcript of Morrill Act”, 29
Transforming Teacher Education for Social Justice
, 148
Tuskegee Institute, 40, 52–53
Twenty-first century children, 1
learning of, 1
Twenty-first century teacher preparation programs
COVID Pandemic, 133–134
Creative Commons, 117
curriculum content of early, 126–133
federal acts shaped, 119–126
students of, 134–135
in United States, 117
Tyack, David, 65
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 23–24
United States
children enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools in, 1
COVID-19 pandemic and children education in, 1–2
educated citizenship in, 35
formal teacher preparation in, 6–7
research methodology, 4
social and political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century, 91–98
teacher preparation programs in, 3–4
United States Department of Education, 97
University of Illinois, 101
University of Iowa, 66
University of Michigan, 66
University of Virginia, 10
University teacher education programs
participants in, 107–109
structure and curriculum of, 98–107
University-based education program, 66–67
Up From Slavery (Davidson), 54
US Land Ordinance, 19–20
US Secretary of Education, 125–126
US teacher preparation, 145
USA Patriot Act (2001), 117
Voice of the Fugitive
, 48
War on Poverty, 91, 93, 95
and ESEA, 95–96
Washington, Booker T., 52–53, 77–78
Western migration, 31
White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, 10
Willard, Emma, 5, 17, 19
Woodson, Carter, 83
World Health Organization (WHO), 133
Young, Ella Flagg, 72–75
Young Republic
education in Early America and New Republic, 9–11
education of Black Americans and teachers, 27–31
female seminaries prepare missionary teachers, 18–27
patchwork of programs for teacher preparation, 11–13
public responsibility for teacher preparation, 31
teaching as “women’s work”, 16–18
Quality of teaching
, 98
“Radical Republicans”
, 28
Ravitch, Diane
, 103
Reagan, Ronald
, 111
Reconstruction
, 5, 26–27
Reflection
, 151
Religion
, 46
Remote learning
, 1–2
“Republican womanhood”
, 16
Resistance
, 77–83
Resourcefulness
, 77–83
Robust economy
, 10–11
Robust educational system
, 10–11
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
, 61
Rural teachers
, 61–62
Rural teaching
, 61
Rush, Benjamin
, 17–18
Russel, Rebecca
, 25–26
Sarmiento, Domingo, 43
School Development Program (SDP), 132
Schooling of children, 9
Scripture, 46
“Second Great Awakening”, 18
Second Morrill Act (1890), 65–66
Secondary education, 3, 100–101, 127
Secondary sources, 4–5
Segregation, 41–42
Sense of civic responsibility, 10–11
Sheltered English Immersion (SEI), 131
Slavery, 5, 26, 83, 158
Social contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States, 91–98
Social efficiency, 71
Social Emotional Learning (SEL), 128, 151
Social intelligence, 74
Social justice, 91
Social Service of Industry (SESI), 130
“Social-emotional development”, 151
Sociology, 59
Space Race, 6, 96, 111–112
Spanish-American Normal School, 42
Special education, 1, 45, 101, 127
Standards for certification, 91
State level influence on education, 3, 11, 37, 118–119
State Normal School in New Britain, 39, 45
State normal schools, 35–43
Branch State Normal School of California in Los Angeles, 40
Lexington Normal School, 38
movement, 42–43
State Normal School at New Britain, 39
structure and curriculum of, 44–47
State teachers’colleges, 65
States responsibility for teacher preparation
state normal schools, 35–43
structure and curriculum of state normal schools, 44–47
students, 48–55
STEM teacher education program, 124–125
Structure of college and university teacher education programs, 98–107
Structure of state normal schools, 44–47
Student teaching, 98, 100–101, 150
Students, 48–55
of twenty-first century teacher preparation programs, 134–135
Supplemental Education Services (SES), 123
Swift, Mary, 46
Talks on Pedagogies
, 72–73
Teach for America (TFA), 106–107, 145
Teacher education, 59
expanding access to, 60–65
normal schools move to state colleges and universities, 65–67
problem of, 146
Smith School Near Sunflower, Mississippi, 60
in US, 59
Teacher Education Accreditation Council (TEAC), 126–127
Teacher Education Curriculum, 68–70
Teacher education programs, structure and curriculum of college and university, 98–107
Teacher Institutes, 60–65
Teacher licensure exams, 3, 124–125
Teacher preparation in Twenty-first century United States
current challenges in teacher preparation, 141–147
models for practice, 147–159
recommendations for National/Federal Policies and Support, 156–159
recommendations related to program content, 147–152
recommendations related to program form and structure, 152–156
Teacher preparation programs, 2–4
curriculum content of early twenty-first century, 126–133
federal acts shaped Twenty-first century, 119–126
patchwork of, 11–13
public responsibility for, 31
students of twenty-first century, 134–135
Teacher residency programs, 143, 154, 157–158
Teacher shortage, 12–13, 135, 143, 157
Teachers
education of Black Americans and, 27–31
Teaching, 13–14, 35–36, 147–148, 154–155
as “women’s work”, 16–18
declining interest in teaching as career, 143
Teaching profession
expanding access to teacher education, 60–65
preparing teachers of color under Jim Crow, 77–83
progressive paradox, 70–77
Teacher Education Curriculum, 68–70
Teens For Gun Reform, 117–118
The Common School Journal
, 47
The Practical Teacher
, 72–73
Thematic threads, 3
Thorndike, Edward, 70–72
Tokyo Normal School, 43
Topical Action Group on the Internationalization of Teacher Education, 150
“Transcript of Morrill Act”, 29
Transforming Teacher Education for Social Justice
, 148
Tuskegee Institute, 40, 52–53
Twenty-first century children, 1
learning of, 1
Twenty-first century teacher preparation programs
COVID Pandemic, 133–134
Creative Commons, 117
curriculum content of early, 126–133
federal acts shaped, 119–126
students of, 134–135
in United States, 117
Tyack, David, 65
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 23–24
United States
children enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools in, 1
COVID-19 pandemic and children education in, 1–2
educated citizenship in, 35
formal teacher preparation in, 6–7
research methodology, 4
social and political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century, 91–98
teacher preparation programs in, 3–4
United States Department of Education, 97
University of Illinois, 101
University of Iowa, 66
University of Michigan, 66
University of Virginia, 10
University teacher education programs
participants in, 107–109
structure and curriculum of, 98–107
University-based education program, 66–67
Up From Slavery (Davidson), 54
US Land Ordinance, 19–20
US Secretary of Education, 125–126
US teacher preparation, 145
USA Patriot Act (2001), 117
Voice of the Fugitive
, 48
War on Poverty, 91, 93, 95
and ESEA, 95–96
Washington, Booker T., 52–53, 77–78
Western migration, 31
White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, 10
Willard, Emma, 5, 17, 19
Woodson, Carter, 83
World Health Organization (WHO), 133
Young, Ella Flagg, 72–75
Young Republic
education in Early America and New Republic, 9–11
education of Black Americans and teachers, 27–31
female seminaries prepare missionary teachers, 18–27
patchwork of programs for teacher preparation, 11–13
public responsibility for teacher preparation, 31
teaching as “women’s work”, 16–18
Sarmiento, Domingo
, 43
School Development Program (SDP)
, 132
Schooling of children
, 9
Scripture
, 46
“Second Great Awakening”
, 18
Second Morrill Act (1890)
, 65–66
Secondary education
, 3, 100–101, 127
Secondary sources
, 4–5
Segregation
, 41–42
Sense of civic responsibility
, 10–11
Sheltered English Immersion (SEI)
, 131
Slavery
, 5, 26, 83, 158
Social contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century United States
, 91–98
Social efficiency
, 71
Social Emotional Learning (SEL)
, 128, 151
Social intelligence
, 74
Social justice
, 91
Social Service of Industry (SESI)
, 130
“Social-emotional development”
, 151
Sociology
, 59
Space Race
, 6, 96, 111–112
Spanish-American Normal School
, 42
Special education
, 1, 45, 101, 127
Standards for certification
, 91
State level influence on education
, 3, 11, 37, 118–119
State Normal School in New Britain
, 39, 45
State normal schools
, 35–43
Branch State Normal School of California in Los Angeles
, 40
Lexington Normal School
, 38
movement
, 42–43
State Normal School at New Britain
, 39
structure and curriculum of
, 44–47
State teachers’colleges
, 65
States responsibility for teacher preparation
state normal schools
, 35–43
structure and curriculum of state normal schools
, 44–47
students
, 48–55
STEM teacher education program
, 124–125
Structure of college and university teacher education programs
, 98–107
Structure of state normal schools
, 44–47
Student teaching
, 98, 100–101, 150
Students
, 48–55
of twenty-first century teacher preparation programs
, 134–135
Supplemental Education Services (SES)
, 123
Swift, Mary
, 46
Talks on Pedagogies
, 72–73
Teach for America (TFA)
, 106–107, 145
Teacher education
, 59
expanding access to
, 60–65
normal schools move to state colleges and universities
, 65–67
problem of
, 146
Smith School Near Sunflower, Mississippi
, 60
in US
, 59
Teacher Education Accreditation Council (TEAC)
, 126–127
Teacher Education Curriculum
, 68–70
Teacher education programs, structure and curriculum of college and university
, 98–107
Teacher Institutes
, 60–65
Teacher licensure exams
, 3, 124–125
Teacher preparation in Twenty-first century United States
current challenges in teacher preparation
, 141–147
models for practice
, 147–159
recommendations for National/Federal Policies and Support
, 156–159
recommendations related to program content
, 147–152
recommendations related to program form and structure
, 152–156
Teacher preparation programs
, 2–4
curriculum content of early twenty-first century
, 126–133
federal acts shaped Twenty-first century
, 119–126
patchwork of
, 11–13
public responsibility for
, 31
students of twenty-first century
, 134–135
Teacher residency programs
, 143, 154, 157–158
Teacher shortage
, 12–13, 135, 143, 157
Teachers
education of Black Americans and
, 27–31
Teaching
, 13–14, 35–36, 147–148, 154–155
as “women’s work”
, 16–18
declining interest in teaching as career
, 143
Teaching profession
expanding access to teacher education
, 60–65
preparing teachers of color under Jim Crow
, 77–83
progressive paradox
, 70–77
Teacher Education Curriculum
, 68–70
Teens For Gun Reform
, 117–118
The Common School Journal
, 47
The Practical Teacher
, 72–73
Thematic threads
, 3
Thorndike, Edward
, 70–72
Tokyo Normal School
, 43
Topical Action Group on the Internationalization of Teacher Education
, 150
“Transcript of Morrill Act”
, 29
Transforming Teacher Education for Social Justice
, 148
Tuskegee Institute
, 40, 52–53
Twenty-first century children
, 1
learning of
, 1
Twenty-first century teacher preparation programs
COVID Pandemic
, 133–134
Creative Commons
, 117
curriculum content of early
, 126–133
federal acts shaped
, 119–126
students of
, 134–135
in United States
, 117
Tyack, David
, 65
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 23–24
United States
children enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools in, 1
COVID-19 pandemic and children education in, 1–2
educated citizenship in, 35
formal teacher preparation in, 6–7
research methodology, 4
social and political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century, 91–98
teacher preparation programs in, 3–4
United States Department of Education, 97
University of Illinois, 101
University of Iowa, 66
University of Michigan, 66
University of Virginia, 10
University teacher education programs
participants in, 107–109
structure and curriculum of, 98–107
University-based education program, 66–67
Up From Slavery (Davidson), 54
US Land Ordinance, 19–20
US Secretary of Education, 125–126
US teacher preparation, 145
USA Patriot Act (2001), 117
Voice of the Fugitive
, 48
War on Poverty, 91, 93, 95
and ESEA, 95–96
Washington, Booker T., 52–53, 77–78
Western migration, 31
White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, 10
Willard, Emma, 5, 17, 19
Woodson, Carter, 83
World Health Organization (WHO), 133
Young, Ella Flagg, 72–75
Young Republic
education in Early America and New Republic, 9–11
education of Black Americans and teachers, 27–31
female seminaries prepare missionary teachers, 18–27
patchwork of programs for teacher preparation, 11–13
public responsibility for teacher preparation, 31
teaching as “women’s work”, 16–18
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe)
, 23–24
United States
children enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools in
, 1
COVID-19 pandemic and children education in
, 1–2
educated citizenship in
, 35
formal teacher preparation in
, 6–7
research methodology
, 4
social and political contexts in latter half of Twentieth Century
, 91–98
teacher preparation programs in
, 3–4
United States Department of Education
, 97
University of Illinois
, 101
University of Iowa
, 66
University of Michigan
, 66
University of Virginia
, 10
University teacher education programs
participants in
, 107–109
structure and curriculum of
, 98–107
University-based education program
, 66–67
Up From Slavery (Davidson)
, 54
US Land Ordinance
, 19–20
US Secretary of Education
, 125–126
US teacher preparation
, 145
USA Patriot Act (2001)
, 117
Voice of the Fugitive
, 48
War on Poverty, 91, 93, 95
and ESEA, 95–96
Washington, Booker T., 52–53, 77–78
Western migration, 31
White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, 10
Willard, Emma, 5, 17, 19
Woodson, Carter, 83
World Health Organization (WHO), 133
Young, Ella Flagg, 72–75
Young Republic
education in Early America and New Republic, 9–11
education of Black Americans and teachers, 27–31
female seminaries prepare missionary teachers, 18–27
patchwork of programs for teacher preparation, 11–13
public responsibility for teacher preparation, 31
teaching as “women’s work”, 16–18
War on Poverty
, 91, 93, 95
and ESEA
, 95–96
Washington, Booker T.
, 52–53, 77–78
Western migration
, 31
White Anglo-Saxon Protestant
, 10
Willard, Emma
, 5, 17, 19
Woodson, Carter
, 83
World Health Organization (WHO)
, 133
Young, Ella Flagg
, 72–75
Young Republic
education in Early America and New Republic
, 9–11
education of Black Americans and teachers
, 27–31
female seminaries prepare missionary teachers
, 18–27
patchwork of programs for teacher preparation
, 11–13
public responsibility for teacher preparation
, 31
teaching as “women’s work”
, 16–18
- Prelims
- Introduction
- Chapter 1 The Young Republic Needs Teachers
- Chapter 2 The States Take Responsibility for Teacher Preparation
- Chapter 3 The Nation Expands and the Teaching Profession Grows
- Chapter 4 Preparing Teachers in the Mid-to-Late Twentieth Century: National and Global Influences
- Chapter 5 Transitioning into the 21st Century
- Chapter 6 Moving Forward: Recommendations for Teacher Preparation in the Twenty-First Century United States
- References
- Index