Index

Citation

(2021), "Index", Das, R.C. (Ed.) Global Tariff War: Economic, Political and Social Implications, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 341-349. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80071-314-720211030

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited

---

INDEX

Note: Page numbers followed by “n” indicate notes.

Abusive protectionism

, 102

Ad-valorem tariff

, 275

Akaike information criterion (AIC)

, 90

Allocative inefficiency Deadweight loss

“America–First” approach, xxxiii

, 17

American Chamber of Commerce in China (AmCham)

, 104

American Political System

, 126

American Superconductor Corporation (AMSC)

, 104

Annual Survey of Industry (ASI)

, 176

Anti-dumping rules (ADP rules), 100, 188n1

Anti-subsidy tariff

, 100

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

, 18

Asian Development Outlook (ADO)

, 133

Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)

, 110

Asymmetric Mixed Data Sampling model (AMIDAS model)

, 164

Atkinson Index

, 329

of inequality for States of India

, 331–334

Augmented Dickey–Fuller unit root tests (ADF unit root tests)

, 50–51, 72–73, 75–76, 115, 156, 166

Average import duty

, 328–329

Average wage

, 196–197

Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC)

, 247

Bai–Perron multiple breaks point tests

, 157–158, 183

Balance of payments (BoP)

, 98, 221

Balance of trade

, 47

Banana wars (1993)

, 4, 8

Basic force model

, 246

Beef War

, 8

Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)

, 267

Big money

, 21

Blacksea Economic Cooperation (BSEC)

, 47

Block exogeneity Wald test results

, 116–117

Bound rate

, 68

Bretton Woods Institutions (BWI)

, 45

Breusch–Godfrey Serial Correlation LM test

, 183

Canonical correlation analysis (CCORA)

, 248

Canonical root

, 249

Canonical variate

, 248

Capital

formation

, 225

input

, 177–178

Carbon

emission in trade

, 316

leakage

, 303

taxes

, 236–237

Chicken tariff

, 4

China

, 110, 162, 244, 259–260

currency policy

, 10

economy and development

, 232–234

holdings of US public and private securities

, 128–129

trade and business between

, 264–265

unauthorized cyber intrusions

, 127–128

US foreign assistance to

, 265

and US trade policies

, 234–235

China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC)

, 247

Chinese enterprises

, 18

Chow test

, 156, 206

Climate

change

, 302

policy

, 300

Coefficient of variation

, 157

Cointegration test

, 73, 75–76

COLS method

, 179

Commission for Integrated Military and Civilian Development (CCIMD)

, 244

Commitment to Development Index

, 46

Commodity Price Index (CPI)

, 117

Communist Party

, 244

Comparative advantage theory

, 69

Competition

, 235

Competitive trade theory

, 88

Computable general equilibrium model (CGE model)

, 164

Congressional Budget Office (CBO)

, 114

Crude oil

, 114

Cuddy–Della Valle Index

, 206

Currency

, 130

manipulation

, 10

war

, 4–5, 101

Cyber intrusions

, 127–128

Cyber Theft

, 104

Deadweight loss

, 21

Demand-driven effect (DDE)

, 27

Developed nations

, 82

Developing countries

, 224–225

decision in front of

, 277–278

Developing economies

, 154

Developing market economies

, 58

Developing nations

, 68

Disruption of global value chain

, 130

Distortions

, 48

Dixit–Stiglitz framework

, 32

Dynamic comparative advantages

, 71

Dynamic panel models

, 89–90

Economic downturn

, 58, 63

Economic globalization

, 44

development with emissions in era of globalization

, 300–302

policy implications

, 302–304

qualitative analysis

, 297–300

rationale and objective of study

, 297

review of literature

, 295–296

Economic growth

, 142, 295

methodology and data

, 145–147

objectives

, 145

results of analysis

, 147–149

survey of literature

, 143–145

Economic integration

, 272–273

decision in front of developing countries

, 277–278

game theoretic approach

, 276–277

imposition of tariff and emergence of trade war

, 274–276

review of existing literature

, 273–274

Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU)

, xxxvii, 113–114

Economic/economy

, 161, 232, 260

liberalism

, 246

policy

, 272

vulnerabilities in

, 162

Effective rate

, 68

Emergency Tariff Act (1921)

, 6–7

Emerging market economies

, 58

Employment effects

, 134

Endogenous structural break analysis, estimated results of

, 147–148

Engle–Granger cointegration analysis

, 163, 165

Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC)

, 314

Environmentally Extended Multi Regional Input–Output analysis (EEMRIO analysis)

, 315

Equally Distributed Equivalent income (EDE income)

, 331

Error correction model (ECM), 73–74, 77 (see also Microtheoretic model)

estimable ECM model

, 74–79

European Union (EU)

, 4, 188

Excess burden (see Deadweight loss)

Exchange rate (EXR)

, 89

Expectations-augmented Philips curve theory

, 48

Exploratory analysis

, 156

Export

, 85–86, 142–143

credit

, 196

destination

, 191

subsidies

, 46

Export and Import Policy (Exim Policy)

, 142

Export share

, 155

data and methodology

, 155–157

empirical results

, 157–159

Export-led growth hypothesis (ELG hypothesis)

, 143, 295

Fairness

, 320

Financial year (FY)

, 265

First-differenced GMM estimation process

, 92–93

Force activation model

, 246

Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act

, 6–7

Foreign direct investment (FDI)

, 89, 194, 196, 253

inflow

, 328–329

Foreign exchange market

, 113

Foreign import

, 272

Foreign trade

, 142

Free trade

, 32, 46, 218, 277–278

principle

, 16

Full employment

, 22, 24

Fuzzy DEMATEL method

, 282, 284–286

G20 Summit

, 111

Game theoretic approach

, 276–277

Gender gap

, 326, 331

Gender inequality

, 326

limitations of study

, 338

literature review

, 326–327

methodology

, 327–330

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

, 328

of Indian States

, 334–336

on States of India

, 336–337

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

, 6, 12, 44, 68, 154, 218

General Equilibrium (GE)

, 19–21

Generalized canonical correlation analysis (GCCA)

, 249

Generalized entropy (GE)

, 334

Generalized method of moments (GMM)

, xxxvii, 89–90

Gini coefficient

, 327

Global market

, 112

Global saving glut

, 99

Global super power, battle for dominance of

, 125–126

Global trade

, 313–314

policies

, 232

recommendations

, 317–321

trade policies and environment

, 315–317

Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP)

, 59, 123

Globalization, 16, 44, 52, 58, 232, 235–236, 294 (see also Economic globalization)

benefits

, 45

gains and pains

, 47

process

, 47

of supply chains

, 300

Globalization gap (Globgap)

, 48–50

Government in tariff setting

, 38–40

Government Procurement Agreement (GPA)

, 104

Gradual shift of trade philosophy

, 126

Granger causality test

, 146–147

results of

, 148–149

Greenhouse gases (GHGs)

, 301

Gross domestic product (GDP)

, 19, 89, 142, 221, 248

effects on

, 133

rate of GDP growth

, 328–329

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)

, 178

Gross national income (GNI)

, 131

Gross national product (GNP)

, 89

Gross value added (GVA)

, 177

Growth

and development

, 247

rate

, 205–206

Growth led exports hypothesis (GLE hypothesis)

, 295–296

Harmonized System (HS)

, 131

Hawley–Smoot Tariff Act

, xxxiii–xxxiv

Hegemonic services

, 7

Hegemonic stability theory

, 245

Hegemonic war

, 245

Hegemons

, 98

High US trade deficit with China

, 126–127

Hodrick–Prescott filter (HP filter)

, 50

Iceberg cost

, 86

Ideology

, 260

Imperial presidency

, 20–21

Import, 142–143 (see also Export)

tariff

, 85–86

Impulse response

function

, 115

results

, 117

Income inequality

, 326

India

, 182–183

data analysis

, 195–198

export

, 191

literature review and gap

, 193–194

profile

, 191–193

results

, 198–199

Indian economy

, 142, 294

Inequality

, 329–331

Inequality-adjusted Human Development (IHDI)

, 328

of Indian States

, 334–336

Infinitesimal changes of trade policy

, 21

Inflation (INF)

, 89

effects

, 133

Information Technology (IT)

, 253

Innovation

, 319

Input-driven growth

, 174

Instability measurement

, 206–207

Instrumental Variables Generalized Method of Moments technique (IV-GMM technique)

, 50

Integrated database (IDB), 195n6

Intellectual property (IP)

, 100, 103–104

theft

, 127–128

Intellectual property rights (IPR)

, 103–104, 253

Interdisciplinary approach

, 320

Interest rates

, 163

International collaborations and agreements

, 314

International equilibrium

, 61–62

International joint ventures (IJV)

, 144

International Labor Organization (ILO)

, 197

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

, 12, 18, 218

International trade

, 32, 44, 47, 141–142, 144, 314

Iron triangle

, 244

J-curve result

, 296

Jarque-Bera statistic

, 78

Job loss in US

, 127

Johnson equilibrium

, 276

Keynesian framework

, 60

Kuznets hypothesis

, 297

Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin test (KPSS test)

, 197

Labor

index

, 177

input

, 177

wages

, 235–236

Liberal theorists

, 246

Liberalization

, 294

Liberalization, privatization, and globalization (LPG)

, 294

Local/national trade policies

, 314

Logarithmic transformation of Cobb–Douglas

, 179

Long-term strategic approach

, 320

Macroeconomic

adjustment

, 130

propagation

, 60

Made-in-China 2025 Initiative (MIC2025 Initiative)

, 126

Manufacturing

, 87, 234

activities

, 175

industries

, 176

sector

, 129

Maritime shipping

, 315

Maritime Silk Road project (MSR project)

, 110

Market-oriented economic reforms

, 326

Maternal mortality ratio (MMR)

, 336

Maximum-likelihood method (ML method)

, 179

Mercantilism

, 69, 245

Microtheoretic model

, xxxvi

baseline model

, 34–40

comparative statics

, 36–38

government in tariff setting

, 38–40

objective

, 32

review of literature

, 32–34

impact of tariff war on welfare

, 38

trade war through tariff retaliation

, 35–36

Military forces

, 244

Military–Industrial Complex (MIC)

, 244

findings and results

, 250–254

literature review and theoretical framework

, 244–247

methodology and data requirements

, 248–250

Most favored nation (MFN)

, 100, 223

Multi fiber agreement (MFA)

, 9, 148

Multinational corporations (MNCs)

, 16

functionalities

, 17

impact

, 18

Multiple regression technique

, 131

Nash equilibrium

, 276

National productivity, improvement of

, 88

Negative Tariff Ridden Effect (NTRE)

, 24

Neo-classical realists

, 246

Neo-liberals

, 236

Neo-mercantilism

, 99–100

Neo-protectionism

, 187

New Industrial Policy (1991)

, 218

Non-tariff barriers (NTB)

, 188, 253

Non-tariff measures (NTMs)

, 221

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

, 106

North economies

, 86

Obs*R-squared statistic

, 183

Oil prices

, 163

analysis for US–China trade war

, 166–167

literature review

, 163–165

methodology

, 165–166

volatility

, 164

One-time endogenous structural break (Zivot and Andrews approach)

, 145–146

Opium Wars

, 4

Optimum tariff

, 275

Ordinary least squares estimations (OLS estimations)

, 198, 296

Paris Agreement

, 314

People’s Republic of China (PRC)

, 19, 244

Per capita income

, 195

Perpetual inventory method (PIM)

, 177–178

Perron’s method

, 145

Philip Peron unit root tests (P–P unit root tests)

, 50–51

Poirier’s Spline function approach

, 206

Political economy of trade tariff and policies

, 232

China and US trade policies

, 234–235

China’s economy and development

, 232–234

impacts of trade policies on global policy

, 235–237

recommendations for future trade policies and tariff strategies

, 237–238

Pollution haven hypothesis

, 303

Positive Tariff Ridden Effect (PTRE)

, 24

Post-independence development plans

, 174

Potential globalization (PG)

, 50

Prisoner’s dilemma

, 276

Privatization

, 295

Productivity-driven growth

, 174

Protectionism

, 16, 188, 220, 272–273, 278

Prototype H–O model of international trade

, 33

Purchasing power Parity GNI (PPPGNI)

, 124, 130–131

Quantitative easing

, 101

Real effective exchange rate (REER)

, 193, 195

Recession

, 274

outbreak of

, 62–64

Reciprocal dumping

, 33

Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act (1934)

, 6

Redundancy analysis (RDA)

, 248

Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)

, 218

Regional dynamics

, 88

Regional trade agreements (RTAs)

, 58

Regression equation

, 133

Renewable energy (RE)

, 314

Renminbi (RMB)

, 102–103

Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

, 191

Restricted trade

, 44, 49, 52

Roosevelt Administration

, 7

Rybczynski theorem

, 24

Sanitary and Phyto sanitary measures (SPS measures), 188n1

Scale change

, 177

Shino–US tariff war implications impact on India’s tea export

, 213–214

Silk Road Economic Belt project

, 110

Sino-American hostility

, 263–267

Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act (1930)

, xxxiii–xxxiv, 4–7

Social accounting matrix (SAM)

, 164

Social democratic parties

, 236

Social indicators

, 282

analysis regarding effects of trade war on

, 286–287

Fuzzy DEMATEL method

, 284–286

literature review

, 282–284

Social welfare function

, 24–25

Softwood lumber issues

, 11

South Asian Nations (SANs)

, 297

South economies

, 87

State capitalism

, 98

Stationary test results

, 115–116

Steel Tariff War (2002)

, 9

Stella-Casual loop diagram

, 223–224

Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA)

, 176

measurement of TFPG by

, 178–179

Stolper–Samuelson theorem (SS theorem)

, 23–24

Structural break

, 208–210

Structural break analysis

, 147

Sup F type test

, 156–157

Sustainability

, 314, 316

Sustainable development goals (SDG)

, 154–155, 318

Switching points

, 208–210

T-bill and Eurodollar (TED)

, 114

Tariff (TRF)

, 44, 68–69, 85, 142–143, 188, 218, 263

policy

, 40, 60

rate

, 60–61, 68, 275

tariff–growth paradox

, 72

trade war through tariff retaliation

, 35–36

Tariff imposition

, 86, 274–276

data and methodology

, 88–90

empirical results

, 90–94

literature survey

, 87–88

Tariff war

, xxxiv–xxxv, 4–5, 110

baseline model

, 60–62

comparative statics

, 23–24

literature review

, 19–21, 58–60

objective

, 60

outbreak of recession, trade friction, and

, 62–64

impact of tariff war on welfare

, 38

theoretical foundation of hybrid model

, 21–23

variant of basic model

, 25–27

Tariff-rate quotas (TRQs)

, 12

Tea export

, 204–205

descriptive statistics and growth rate and instability

, 210–212

policy implication

, 214–215

research methodology

, 205–207

research results

, 207–214

Technical barriers to trade (TBT), 188n1

Technical efficiency

, 177, 179

Technological progress

, 177

Terms of trade (TOT)

, 275

Theil Entropy Index (TE)

, 329–330

for states of India

, 330–331

Thucydides trap

, 98

Time series econometric enquiry

empirical findings

, 74

estimable ECM model

, 74–79

objectives, data, variables, and methodology of study

, 72–74

theoretical background

, 69–72

Tire-fight

, 10–11

“Tit-for-tat-tariff” battle

, 266

Toda-Yamamoto causality analysis

, 163, 165–167

Tokyo Round of the GATT

, 158

Total factor productivity (TFP)

, 174

Total factor productivity growth (TFPG)

, 174, 176–177

comparison between results of West Bengal and India

, 182–183

literature review

, 175–176

measurement of output and inputs

, 177–178

methodology and database

, 176–181

objectives

, 176

results

, 181–182

Trade (TRD)

, 89–90, 154, 294

barriers

, 46, 70, 87, 195

and business between United States and China

, 264–265

diversions

, 129

footprint

, 318

outbreak of trade friction

, 62–64

as percentage of GDP

, 68–69

surplus

, 98, 100

tariffs

, 236–237, 313–314

theory

, 276

trade-disruptive economic model

, 111

Trade Act (1974)

, 219–220

Trade GDP ratio (TGR)

, 124

Trade openness

, 49, 155, 328–329

impact on India’s tea export

, 212–213

measurement

, 207

Trade policies

, 69–70, 86–87, 232, 238, 313–314, 316

and environment

, 315–317

impacts of trade policies on global policy

, 235–237

of India

, 218

and tariffs

, 321

Trade restrictions

, 283

policies

, 46

Trade war(s)

, 4, 16, 21, 24–25, 58–59, 163, 220, 245, 260, 273–274, 281–282

before and after World War II

, 7–8

Banana War and Beef War

, 8

during Bush era

, 102–103

causes of trade conflicts between US and China

, 125–129

China’s currency policy

, 10

economic factors

, 126–129

economic implications of

, xxxv–xxxix

emergence of

, 274–276

empirical analysis

, 130–133

Great Trade War

, 11–13

historical evidences of trade war between US and China

, 124–125

impact on Asian economies

, 133–134

literature review

, 123, 220–222

methodology

, 223

non-economic strategic factors

, 125–126

during Obama era

, 103–105

objective of study and methodology

, 5, 123–124, 223

performance analysis of system and results

, 224–226

political, social and environmental aspects of

, xxxix–xli

in presence of unemployment

, 27

significance of study

, 222–223

Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act

, 5–7

on social situations

, 284

Steel Tariff War (2002)

, 9

through tariff retaliation

, 35–36

US–Canada softwood lumber issues

, 11

US–China tire-fight under Obama administration

, 10–11

effect of US–China trade war

, 129–130

between Washington and Beijing

, 265–267

after World War I

, 5

Tradeoff

, 44

data and methodology

, 48–50

results

, 50–53

Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)

, 106

Treaty of Wangxia

, 259–260

Trend stationary (TS)

, 147

Trumponomics

, 272

Turkey-EU (T-EU)

, 47

Two-stage game

, 40

UD max test

, 156–157

Uncertainty

, 130, 284

Unemployment

, 25–27

Unemployment augmented tariff ridden effect (UATRE)

, 26

Unfair trade practices

, 122

Unit root test

, 115, 131, 207–208

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

, 154

United States (US)

, 110, 162, 244, 259–260

firms

, 105

importers

, 221

shocks

, 112

trade and business between

, 264–265

United States International Trade Commission (USITC)

, 104

Univariate time series

, 156

Uruguay Round

, 68–69

of GATT agreement

, 158

US Energy Information Administration (EIA)

, 114

US foreign assistance to China

, 265

US Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)

, 219

withdrawals

, 220

US Trade Act (1974)

, 124

USA–China Trade War

, 98

border to borderless world

, 99–102

during Donald Trump

, 105–107

escalates

, 102–107

objectives

, 99

US–Canada softwood lumber issues

, 11

US–China tire-fight under Obama administration

, 10–11

US–China trade conflict

, 110

US–China trade confrontation

, xxxvi

US–China trade war

, 20, 59, 165

effect of

, 129–130

analysis for

, 166–167

US–China trading relations

, 9, 259, 261–262

economic synergies

, 262–263

methodology

, 261

policy suggestions

, 268–269

research questions

, 261

results of study

, 267–268

review of literature

, 260–261

Sino-American hostility

, 263–267

US–Korea Free Trade Agreement

, 106

US–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA)

, 221

Value added tax (VAT)

, 245

Vector auto regressive model (VAR model), 73, 115, 166 (see also Microtheoretic model)

data and variable descriptions

, 113–115

Granger causality test results

, 116–117

literature review

, 111–113

materials and methods

, 113–115

methodology

, 115

results and analysis

, 115–117

Virtual carbon trade

, 315–316

Virtual input resources

, 318–319

Virtual water trade (VW trade)

, 316–317

Volatility

, 163

Volume of trade (VOT)

, 275

Voluntary Export Restraint (VER)

, 124

Washington–Beijing relations

, 259

Weighted tariff rates (WTR)

, 124

Welfare

, 24–25

maximization

, 36

in presence of unemployment

, 27

impact of tariff war on

, 38

West Bengal

, 182–183

Wilk’s Lambda

, 250

“Win–lose” principle-based trade

, 237

“Win–win” strategy

, 237, 320

Working life

, 284

World economy

, 68, 70

World exports

, 194

World income

, 195

World Trade Organization (WTO)

, xxxviii, 5, 8, 31, 44, 68, 98, 101, 154, 175, 218, 253, 261, 276–277

Agreement

, 69

issues

, 104–105

principles

, 111

regime

, 187

and US–China economic relations

, 267