Prelims
Rape Myths: Understanding, Assessing, and Preventing
ISBN: 978-1-80071-153-2, eISBN: 978-1-80071-152-5
Publication date: 21 July 2022
Citation
Persson, S. and Dhingra, K. (2022), "Prelims", Rape Myths: Understanding, Assessing, and Preventing (Feminist Developments in Violence and Abuse), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. i-xiii. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80071-152-520220009
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2022 Sofia Persson and Katie Dhingra
Half Title Page
Rape Myths
Series Page
FEMINIST DEVELOPMENTS IN VIOLENCE AND ABUSE
Series Editors: Dr Hannah Bows, Durham University (UK) and Professor Nicole Westmarland, Durham University (UK)
Feminist Developments in Violence and Abuse provides a feminist forum for academic work that pushes forward existing knowledge around violence and abuse, informing policy and practice, with the overarching objective of contributing towards ending violence and abuse within our society. The series enables academics, practitioners, policymakers and professionals to continually build and explore their understanding of the dynamics, from the micro to the macro level, that are driving violence and abuse. The study of abuse and violence has a large scope for co-producing research, and this series is a home for research involving a broad range of stakeholders; particularly those working in grassroots domestic and sexual violence organisations, police, prosecutors, lawyers, campaign groups, housing and victim services. As violence and abuse research reaches across disciplinary boundaries, the series has an interdisciplinary scope with research impact at the heart.
Available Volumes:
Victims’ Experiences of the Criminal Justice Response to Domestic Abuse: Beyond GlassWalls
Emma Forbes
Understanding and Responding to Economic Abuse
Nicola Sharp-Jeffs
Forthcoming Volumes:
‘Rough Sex’ and the Criminal Law: Global Perspectives
Hannah Bows and Jonathan Herring
Not Your Usual Suspect: Older Offenders of Violence and Abuse
Hannah Bows
Gendered Justice? How Women’s Attempts to Cope With, Survive, or Escape Domestic Abuse Can Drive Them into Crime
Jo Roberts
Title Page
Rape Myths: Understanding, Assessing, and Preventing
BY
SOFIA PERSSON
Leeds Beckett University, UK
and
KATIE DHINGRA
Leeds Beckett University, UK
United Kingdom – North America – Japan India – Malaysia – China
Copyright Page
Emerald Publishing Limited
Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK
First edition 2022
Copyright © 2022 Sofia Persson and Katie Dhingra. Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited.
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 978-1-80071-153-2 (Print)
ISBN: 978-1-80071-152-5 (Online)
ISBN: 978-1-80071-154-9 (Epub)
Dedication Page
This book is dedicated to all the women and girls who have been subjected to rape. We hear you; we see you; we believe you. Together we will build a society that does not justify, tolerate, or minimise men’s sexual violence against women.
Contents
About the Authors | xi |
Acknowledgements | xiii |
Chapter One: Introduction | 1 |
Scope of the Problem | 1 |
Prevalence | 2 |
Overall Endorsement | 2 |
Is the Prevalence Decreasing Over Time? | 3 |
Focus and Definitions | 4 |
Structure of this Book | 5 |
Chapter Two: Theoretical Background to Rape Myth Acceptance | 9 |
Chapter Overview | 9 |
The Importance of Feminism | 9 |
Rape and Feminist Theory | 10 |
Rape and the Criminal Justice System | 11 |
Rape Myths | 13 |
What is the Substance of Rape Myths? | 14 |
Different Types of Rape Myths | 18 |
Rape Myths and Black and South Asian Feminist Thought | 23 |
Ways Forward in Working With Rape Myths | 27 |
Conclusion | 28 |
Chapter Three: Assessing Rape Myths | 29 |
Chapter Overview | 29 |
An Overview of Research into Rape Attributions | 29 |
Research into RMA | 30 |
Why Measure Rape Myths? | 31 |
How to Measure Rape Myths | 32 |
Other Relevant Variables | 35 |
Challenges in Sexual Assault Research | 38 |
Samples | 38 |
Vignettes | 40 |
Court Observations and Mock Juries | 41 |
Open Science and Reproducibility | 42 |
Current Challenges in Measuring RMA | 43 |
Choice of RMA Measure | 43 |
Subtlety, Wording, and Colloquialism | 44 |
Social Desirability | 46 |
Ways Forward | 47 |
Case Study | 49 |
Conclusion | 51 |
Chapter Four: Consequences of Rape Myth Acceptance on the Criminal Justice System and Women Subjected to Rape | 53 |
Chapter Overview | 53 |
Rape Myths and Policing | 53 |
Prevalence | 53 |
Impact on Decision-Making | 54 |
Implications for Training | 56 |
Rape Myths and Juror Decision-Making | 58 |
Specific Myths and Juror Decision-Making | 60 |
Implications: Addressing the Impact of RMA on Court Cases | 63 |
Summary | 70 |
Impact of RMA on Women Subjected to Rape | 70 |
Policing: Disclosure, Engagement, and Secondary Victimisation | 71 |
Court | 75 |
Formal and Informal Sources of Support | 76 |
Mental Health and Well-Being | 77 |
Self-Blame | 78 |
Unacknowledged Rapes | 79 |
How Disability and Perceived Social Class Affect CJS Experiences | 80 |
Conclusion | 81 |
Chapter Five: The Perpetuation and Functions of Rape Myths | 83 |
Chapter Overview | 83 |
The Perpetuation of Rape Myths | 84 |
Prevention Campaigns | 84 |
Rape in the Media | 87 |
Improving Prevention Campaigns and Media Portrayals of Sexual Assault | 93 |
The Functions of Rape Myths: Why Do People Endorse Them? | 95 |
Individual Functions | 95 |
Societal Functions | 100 |
Conclusion | 103 |
Chapter Six: Rape Myth Acceptance and Other ‘-Isms’ | 105 |
Chapter Overview | 105 |
Sexism | 105 |
Ambivalent Sexism | 106 |
Scientific Sexism and Gender Essentialism | 110 |
Sexism and the Maintenance of RMA | 112 |
Racism, Classism, and Ableism | 114 |
Social Dominance | 116 |
Conclusion | 116 |
Chapter Seven: Ways Forward in Addressing Sexual Violence | 119 |
Chapter Overview | 119 |
Interventions to Address Sexual Violence | 119 |
Theoretical Foundations | 120 |
Outcomes Assessed | 122 |
Specific Strategies to Address Sexual Violence | 123 |
Addressing Sexual Violence in Specific Groups | 130 |
Limitations of Existing Intervention Approaches | 132 |
Ways Forward | 135 |
Conclusion | 136 |
References | 139 |
Index | 165 |
About the Authors
Sofia Persson, PhD, is a Senior Lecturer in Psychology at Leeds Beckett University, UK. She is a Chartered Psychologist with the British Psychological Society and a fellow of the Higher Education Academy. Her main research interests are blame attributions in rape cases and various forms of gender inequality. She is an Open Science advocate.
Katie Dhingra, PhD, is Reader/Associate Professor in Psychology at Leeds Beckett University, UK. She is a Chartered Psychologist with the British Psychological Society and a fellow of the Higher Education Academy. Her research largely focuses on the psychosocial mechanisms underlying suicide and non-suicidal self-injury. Additionally, she researches violence against women and children and psychological responses to trauma.
Acknowledgements
Sofia
I would like to thank my dad, who continues to be the most important person in my life – thank you for always being there for me whenever I need you. I would also like to thank Tom. Tom – thank you for everything, including for giving comments on an earlier draft of this book. Finally, I would like to acknowledge my cat Sukie, who is very small but incredibly loved.
Katie
I would like to thank my husband, Bill. He has been my rock – looking after our beautiful puppy, Poppy, so we could avoid asking for yet another extension (she thinks sleep is for wimps); for talking me through the rough times, of which there were many; and for allowing me to treat our home like a hotel (thank you and sorry). I could not have done this without you. I am also indebted to my parents and friends. Finally, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to Tracy Levy Mulleague. No amount of ‘acknowledgement’ will repay the help and support that she has given, but I would like to say, ‘thank you’, nonetheless.
Sofia and Katie
We would like to thank Emerald Publishing Limited for the support they have provided in writing this book. Further, we would like to thank the editors of this book series, Dr Hannah Bows and Professor Nicole Westmarland for giving us the opportunity to contribute this book to Feminist Developments in Violence and Abuse. Here, we would also like to acknowledge the anonymous reviewers who provided incredibly valuable feedback and suggestions on our initial book proposal.
We are very grateful to the Centre for Psychological Research at Leeds Beckett University for a grant that enabled us to carry out original research for this book. We would also like to express our gratitude to the people who participated in our empirical research, which provided the foundation for this book. We are particularly grateful to the women who had been subjected to rape and provided data on their experience of reporting (or not reporting) to the police. We are incredibly thankful for the insights shared by these women, and we hope that their voices will contribute to improved provisions and justice for victim-survivors of rape. We would also like to acknowledge the organisations dedicated to supporting victim-survivors of rape, such as Rape Crisis England and Wales, and extend our sincere appreciation and thanks for all the important work that they do.
- Prelims
- Chapter One: Introduction
- Chapter Two: Theoretical Background to Rape Myth Acceptance
- Chapter Three: Assessing Rape Myths
- Chapter Four: Consequences of Rape Myth Acceptance on the Criminal Justice System and Women Subjected to Rape
- Chapter Five: The Perpetuation and Functions of Rape Myths
- Chapter Six: Rape Myth Acceptance and Other ‘-Isms’
- Chapter Seven: Ways Forward in Addressing Sexual Violence
- References
- Index