African Australian Community Taskforce

, 105–106

African crime

, 61

Victoria police and African crime crisis

, 59–63

African gangs

, 8–9, 23–24, 42, 84, 100, 103, 107

contextualising Moomba and

, 13–19

crisis

, 3, 9–10, 90–91, 105–106

phenomenon

, 3–4

problem

, 35

African migrant communities

, 93

#AfricanGangs

, 36, 38, 48, 92

Africanness

, 96–97

Age

, 27

Anglophone democracies

, 24

penal populism in

, 5

Anti-African sentiments

, 100

Anti-immigrant sentiments

, 2–3

Anxieties

, 104

Apex

, 44

Apex gangs

, 1, 23, 62, 90–91, 104

offending

, 63

Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC)

, 15

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)

, 11

Australianness

, 96–97

Authoritarian populism

, 2

Belonging

, 76–79

South Sudanese Australian community impacts on

, 94–98

Blackness and criminality

, 53–54, 106

Border criminology

, 5

Broader community, reactions from

, 98–100

Broader socioeconomic circumstances

, 103–104

Central business district (CBD)

, 8–9

Child protection interventions

, 93

Citizenship

, 84–85

City of Greater Dandenong

, 61–62

Cleanskins and criminals

, 65–67

Coded language

, 42

Colourblind

, 6

Community

attitudes

, 3

policing and

, 78–79

workers

, 66

Community Safety Plan

, 32

Conjuncture

, 2

Conservative ideology

, 2

Conventionalism

, 42

Core youth network offenders

, 64–65

Crime

, 3, 23–24, 42, 45

governing through race, crime and youth

, 26–27

problem

, 25

Crime Bill (1994)

, 25

Criminal(s)

cleanskins and

, 65–67

justice

, 24–25

migrant

, 54–55

Criminalisation of young people

, 93

Criminality, blackness and

, 53–54

Crimmigrant others

, 7–8, 61–63

differential distribution of security

, 79–85

policing and belonging

, 76–79

production of racialised policing

, 69–76

securitising race and place

, 63–69

Victoria police and ‘African crime’ crisis

, 59–63

Crimmigrants

, 7, 103–104

Crisis

, 4

of capitalism

, 2–3

Danger

, 27–28

danger-based legitimacy

, 7, 27

Dangerisation

, 6–7, 42, 104

of African community

, 55

Dangerousness

, 5–6

Democrats agenda

, 25

Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)

, 33

Department of Justice and Regulation

, 33

Differential distribution of security

, 79–85

Disproportionality

, 9–10

Diversity

, 6

Dramatisation

, 42

Economic inequality

, 12

Economic marginalisation

, 103

Emotions

, 2

English law

, 1–2

Ethnic diversification

, 98–99

Evidence-based policy

, 26

Facebook

, 48

Fairness

, 5

Family relationships and conflict between generations

, 93–94

Fearfulness

, 90–91

Folk devils

, 3, 98–99

Formal risk

, 5

Free Text queries with Boolean logic

, 48–49

Gangs

, 67–69

Gender

, 27

Good society

, 108

Gramscian analysis

, 2

Group of 20 global economic summit (G20 global economic summit)

, 15

Groups

, 67–69

Haile-Michael case

, 60

Hardwiring racism

, 74–76

Herald Sun article

, 10–11, 29, 32–33

Ideal victims

, 42

Identity

, 97

community impacts on belonging and

, 94–98

Ideological conductor

, 23–24

Immediacy

, 42

Immigrants

, 7

Immigration policy

, 8

Indigenous youth

, 5–6

Individual racism

, 69–71

Individualistic neoliberal ideology

, 4

Informal risk

, 5

Informed analysis

, 3–4

Insecurity

, 27

Instagram

, 48

Intelligence-led techniques

, 63–64, 66

Intensive Monitoring and Control Bail Supervision Scheme

, 31–32

Job insecurity

, 2–3

Justified social exclusion

, 7–8

Labelling

, 90–92

of young people

, 93

Labor government

, 52

Language

, 52

Law and order auctions

governing through race, crime and youth

, 26–27

otherness as category of menace

, 27–28

penal populism and

, 24–28

political ‘blueprint’

, 25–26

Law and order crises

, 1, 4, 23, 49–50, 93, 98–99, 103–104

contextualising Moomba and ‘African gangs crisis’

, 13–19

emergence of

, 50–53

South Sudanese Diaspora in Melbourne

, 11–13

theorising risk, security and othering

, 4–8

understanding Moomba ‘Riot’

, 8–11

Law and order society

, 2–3

Lawlessness in Victoria

, 35–36

Liberal democratic societies

, 55

Liberal policies

, 25

Managerialism

, 26

Marginalisation

, 17–18

Marginalised ‘black British’ citizens

, 2

Marks black

, 5–6

Masks race

, 5–6

Media

, 1

media-induced fears

, 67

policing and

, 78–79

sensationalising Moomba in

, 45–53

#MelbourneBitesBack

, 37

Menace

, 27–28

Migrant Youth

, 35

Migrants

, 7–8

Migration Act (1958)

, 55–56, 83–84

Moomba ‘Riot’

, 8, 11, 41, 90

Moomba Festival

, 1

Moomba riot (2016)

, 23

Moral panic

, 1, 3–4

Muggings

, 1–2

crisis

, 3, 9–10

Multicultural communities

, 1

Multiculturalism

, 6, 96–97

Needing process

, 89

Neoliberal governance

, 5

Neoliberalism

, 2–3

New Labour platform

, 26

Newsworthiness

, 42–45

NVIVO

, 49

Othering

, 4, 8, 100

Otherness as category of menace

, 27–28

Paradox of social exclusion

, 7–8

Passive aggression

, 90–91

Passive policing

, 29

Penal policies

, 24–25

Penal populism. See also Racism

, 23–24

in Anglophone democracies

, 5

and law and order auctions

, 24–28

Penal power

, 7–8

Personalisation

, 42

Place, securitising and

, 63–69

Police

, 1

occupational culture

, 60

Police Accountability Project

, 60

Policing. See also Crime

, 76–79

policing, community and media

, 78–79

Policing the Crisis

, 2–4

Political ‘blueprint’

, 25–26

Political actors

, 1

Political decision-making

, 26

Politics of belonging

, 76–77, 105–106

Politics of fear

, 55–56

Politics of race

, 3

Populist punitive bipartisan consensus

, 24

Post-Moomba

criminalisation

, 89

environment for South Sudanese community

, 95

Poverty

, 27

Pre-empt serious crimes

, 64–65

Primary definers of crime

, 1–2

Proactive police-led programmes

, 62–63

Profiling

, 90–92

Profound investments

, 31–32

Proliferation of youth crime

, 31

Protective Services Officers (PSOs)

, 64–65

Quantitative content analysis

, 48

Race

, 23–24, 42, 45

governing through race, crime and youth

, 26–27

securitising and

, 63–69

Racial discrimination

, 13, 99

Racial Discrimination Act (1975)

, 13–14

Racial profiling

, 60, 91–92

Racial threat

, 43

Racialisation

, 5

blackness and criminality

, 53–54

failure to settle well

, 54–56

newsworthiness, race and crime

, 42–45

sensationalising Moomba in Media

, 45–53

Racialised policing

hardwiring racism

, 74–76

individual racism

, 69–71

production of

, 69–76

systemic racism

, 71–73

Racism

, 60

hardwiring

, 74–76

individual

, 69–71

systemic

, 71–73

Racist abuse

, 70

Radical reforms

, 2

Rank-and-file culture

, 60

Ratchet effect

, 7

Response type model

, 63

Risk

assessment in youth justice

, 5–6

categories

, 5

risk-based approach

, 63–64

young people as

, 63–65

Risky places

, 67–69

Rudeness

, 90–91

Securitisation

, 5

Securitising race and place

, 63–69

cleanskins and criminals

, 65–67

gangs, groups and risky places

, 67–69

young people as risk

, 63–65

Security

, 4–8

differential distribution of

, 79–85

Self-confidence

, 100–101

Self-esteem

, 100–101

Sensationalising Moomba in Media

, 45–53

emergence of ‘law and order crisis’

, 50–53

Settlement

, 89

Simplification

, 42

Social anxiety

, 23

Social bonds

, 94–95

Social care

, 5

Social cohesion

, 3

Social inequality

, 12

Socioeconomic inequality

, 5

South Sudanese Australian community

, 61, 74, 80, 89

family relationships and conflict between generations

, 93–94

impacts on belonging and identity

, 94–98

reactions from broader community

, 98–100

stigma, labelling and profiling

, 90–92

South Sudanese communities

, 106

South Sudanese Diaspora in Melbourne

, 11–13

South Sudanese immigrants

, 90

Staring

, 90–91

Stigma

, 90–92

Stop-and-search powers

, 13–14

Street gang behaviour

, 69

Style of governance

, 4

Sudanese thugs

, 23–24, 42

Sudanese-born criminals

, 35

Sudanese/South Sudanese community

, 12–13, 23, 41, 45

Suspect Targeting Management Plan

, 63–64

Symbolic assailants

, 7

Systemic racism

, 71–73

Targeted surveillance technique

, 66–67

Technology-enabled risk-based system

, 63–64

Theorising risk

, 4–8

Threat narratives

, 55–56

Time series analysis

, 45, 48, 52–53

Titillation

, 42

Top-down approach

, 3–4

Twitter

, 48

Unique dual-track sentencing model

, 34

Unwillingness

, 30–31

#vicpolsummit

, 31

Victoria

lawlessness in

, 35–36

making Victoria Safe Again

, 32–34

Police

, 74–75

Victoria under labor

, 28–31

Victoria police and ‘African crime’ crisis

, 59–63

Victorian state election (2018)

, 42, 45, 53

Violent crimes

, 103

Violent youths

, 84

gangs

, 106

offender

, 23

Visa Cancellation Working Group

, 84

Welfare-based approach

, 5

White Australia ideology

, 10

Willie Horton campaign

, 25

Young people

, 65–66

labelling and criminalisation of

, 93

lack of employment opportunities

, 94

physical violence

, 70–71

as risk

, 63–65

Young South Sudanese Australians

, 68–69

Youth

, 23–24

crime

, 52, 98–99

governing through race, crime and youth

, 26–27

reoffending rate

, 15

violence

, 1–2, 23, 104

Youth justice

centre

, 33

risk assessment in

, 5–6

system

, 23, 32, 104

Youth network offenders (YNO)

, 64, 106

Youth Summit

, 31–32