Index
Hamed Fazlollahtabar
(Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Damghan University, Iran)
Mohammad Saidi-Mehrabad
(Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Iran)
Cost Engineering and Pricing in Autonomous Manufacturing Systems
ISBN: 978-1-78973-470-6, eISBN: 978-1-78973-469-0
Publication date: 12 March 2019
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
Fazlollahtabar, H. and Saidi-Mehrabad, M. (2019), "Index", Cost Engineering and Pricing in Autonomous Manufacturing Systems, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 157-164. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78973-469-020191009
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Absorption costing
, 9, 67
Accounting cost
, 72
Acquisition
, 20, 43–44, 48, 123
Activity-based costing (ABC)
, 11, 49, 67, 92
Adjustment price (AP)
, 34–35
Administrative costs
, 53, 87
Algorithm-based predictive analytics
, 125
Allocating costs
, 45
Annual production volume (APV)
, 85
Assemble-to-order production (ATO production)
, 109
Assembly cost
, 62
estimation
, 60
Assembly labor cost
, 56
Assembly lines
, 83
Assigning costs
, 45
Attributing costs
, 45
Automated guided vehicle systems (AGVS)
, 108
Automated guided vehicles (AGVs)
, 108
Automated systems
, 25, 124
Automatic control
, 117
loop
, 117
system limitations
, 1, 90
Automatic guided vehicles (AGVs)
, 128, 133
Automation
, 117
concession price
, 34
energy pricing model
, 30–32
life cycle economic aspects
, 17–19
resources
, 17–20
supply complexity
, 12–13
Automobile firm
, 5
Autonomic computing
, 43–45
Autonomous cognition
, 107–108
Autonomous devices
, 36
Autonomous manufacturing system (AMS)
, 1–3, 90
AB–application area from costing method
, 70
ABC
, 67
AC–level of integration between costing methods and production
, 71
AD–advantages resulting from application of costing methods
, 71
AE–difficulties in deployment
, 73
cost engineering
, 72
cost minimization/profit maximization
, 72–81
cost of quality
, 81–87
cost-minimization problem
, 65
indirect–overhead costs
, 66
keywords and combinations
, 69
price optimization in
, 117–134
pricing models in
, 107–114
Autonomous production
, 107
Autonomous system
, 43
CoQ application in
, 83–87
Autonomy criteria
, 89
Average costs
, 39, 77–79
average quoted cost of enterprise
, 39
functions
, 77
Bandwagon effect
, 27
Basic price (BP)
, 28, 34–35
Big data
, 122, 125
Big Data Analytics
, 109
Biology-inspired technologies
, 90
Business
environment
, 65
events
, 10
management cost accounting methods
, 17
model
, 44
California electricity crisis (2001)
, 37
Case-based reasoning (CBR)
, 32
Cash inflow parameters
, 33
Cash outflow parameters
, 33
Causal loop diagram for concession pricing of automation projects
, 35
Circular cause and effect relationships
, 34
Class of outputs
, 45
Clothing
, 29
Cloud computing
, 121, 125
Cobb–Douglas production function
, 75
Cognitive agent-based manufacturing system
, 91–92
Communicating instructions to workers
, 120
Compensated shadow cost of each unit
, 40–41
Competition-based pricing strategies
, 7
Computer numerical control (CNC)
, 128, 133
Computer simulation
, 133–134
Computer system
, 119
autonomic
, 45
complex
, 43, 45
functions for automated manufacturing
, 120
integrated
, 12
Computer-controlled machines
, 133
Computer-software cost
, 129–130
Computing, high-performance
, 121
Concession pricing model
, 27–28, 32
causal loop diagram
, 35
comprehensive structure in automation projects
, 32
parameters and risk factors
, 33–36
parameters of automation projects
, 34
Consumers
, 27–28
Control
computer numerical
, 128, 133
define measure analyze improve control approach
, 82
direct numerical
, 128, 133
material handling system
, 120
production process
, 108
quality
, 120
statistical process
, 108–109
Control charts (CC)
, 130
Conventional manufacturing
cost
, 126
systems
, 128
Conversion cost
, 52
Cooperative infrastructure
, 108
Cordless technology
, 2
Cost accounting
, 45
documenting cost accounting policies
, 46–47
policies
, 45
Cost and price in autonomous manufacturing
AMS
, 90
decomposition of profit
, 94
electricity cost function
, 99–100
example
, 103–105
labor cost function
, 101
manufacturing profit maximization
, 102
MES
, 91
model development
, 93
production function
, 97–99
reconfiguration and autonomy
, 89
time-varying pricing
, 94–97
Cost breakdown structure (CBS)
, 50
Cost Metric Algorithm Interface (CMAI)
, 14, 16–17
Cost minimization/profit maximization
, 72
application study
, 75–77
combination of robot and resources for cost minimization
, 74
cost functions
, 77–81
long-run cost minimization
, 75
short-run cost minimization
, 74–75, 76
Cost of quality (CoQ)
, 81
application in autonomous system
, 83–87
Lundvall–Juran curve depicting relationship
, 82
Cost parameters and costing models
application study
, 55–62
autonomic computing
, 44–45
cost accounting concept
, 45–47
cost object
, 47–51
costing model development
, 53–54
manufacturing companies
, 43
manufacturing costs
, 51–53
PSS
, 44
TLC
, 43–44, 63
Cost-based pricing
, (see Revenue-oriented pricing)
Cost-inducing factor
, 19
Cost-management systems
, 65
Cost-minimization problem
, 65
Cost-plus method
, 36–37
Cost(ing)
, (see also Labor), 3–7
accounting policies
, 46–47
in automation
, 9
automation resources
, 17–20
data integration model
, 20–21
of energy
, 60
engineering
, 72
estimation
, 127
of facilities
, 60
functions
, 77–81
levelized
, 3
of manufacturer
, 20
minimizing input choices
, 72
model application
, 134
model development
, 12–17, 53–54
model parameters
, 56
of molded parts
, 56
objects
, 45, 47–51
opportunity
, 4–6
related works
, 10–12
of sheet metal parts
, 59
switch of responsibilities
, 15
system for advanced manufacturing systems
, 126–127
of testing equipment (Cequipment)
, 85
of testing sample (Ctesting)
, 85
Critical-peak pricing (CPP)
, 95
Current demand
, 110–111
Custom products, higher-end
, 55
Customers
core business processes
, 44
customer-oriented pricing
, 26, 125
Cyber physical systems
, 120
Data
analytics
, 121
data-driven decision-making
, 120–121
integration model
, 20–21
in smart manufacturing
, 121–122
Decision rules
, 119
Define measure analyze improve control approach (DMAIC approach)
, 82
Demand
, 110, 112
Deployment agent
, 14
Depreciation cost
, 130
Deproduction
, 19
Deregulated electricity markets
, 36
Design for manufacture and assembly (DFMA)
, 108–109
Design structure matrix (DSM)
, 82
Device’s capacity cost
, 40
Digital simulation models
, 109
Direct costing
, 9, 45
Direct labor
, 127–128
cost
, 51–52
Direct materials cost
, 51
Direct numerical control (DNC)
, 128, 133
“Direct variable” cost
, 49
“Disposal/deproduction”
, 18
Double stage acceptance sampling strategy
, 84–86
Download work part programs
, 120
Driving force
, 26
Dynamic pricing
, 26, 112, 124
Eco-labeling
, 28
Economic cost
, 72
Economic quality level (EQL)
, 81–82
Efficient price
, 26, 124
Electricity
, 93–94
cost function
, 99–100
markets
, 36
payment
, 29
regulated and deregulated electricity markets
, 36
Electricity value equivalent pricing method (EVE pricing method)
, 37
Electronics
, 29
Energy
consumption of machine tools
, 2–3
consumption scheduling vector
, 30–32
cost of
, 60
pricing mechanisms
, 38
Engineer-to-order production (ETO production)
, 109–110
Engineering economic methods
, 3
Entity relationship model
, 12
Equivalent marginal cost pricing model (EMCP model)
, 39
in automation pricing
, 40
Expenditure minimization
, 65
Expenses
, 4–5, 11, 45, 52, 63, 87
External reporting
, 9
Facility cost
, 56
Factory automation, strategic decision-making about
, 134
Failure cost
, 130–131
Failure diagnosis
, 120
Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA)
, 108–109
Faux wood blinds
, 2
Feasible scheduling set
, 31
Final price (FP)
, 28
of device
, 41
Fixed cost (Cfixed)
, 9, 85
Flexibility cost items
, 132
Floor-space cost
, 129
Focal company
, 11
Friction
, 2
Fringes
, 127
Genopersistation
, 48–49
Gucci
, 29
Hedonic effect
, 27
Heterarchical agent-based model
, 14
High-cost manufacturing environment
, 62
Holons
, 91
Homogeneity
, 78
Homogeneous cost pools
, 45
IBM
, 44–45
IDEAS architecture
, 14
Idle cost
, 132
Image-based pricing
, (see Value-based pricing)
Inclining block rate (IBR)
, 29
Independent automation enterprises
, 37
Indirect costs
, 45
Indirect labor
, 52, 127–128
Indirect–overhead costs
, 66
Individual product sustaining service
, 50–51
Industrial engineering methods
, 108–109
Industrial process automation
, 118
Infineon Technologies
, 118
Information leakage vulnerabilities
, 121
Information systems (IS)
, 10
costs and benefits
, 21
Input–Output Analysis (IOA)
, 54
Input–output production–inventory system
, 54
Inspection cost (Cinspection)
, 85
Insurance
, 9, 52, 128–129
Integrated manufacturing performance measure (IMPM)
, 134
Integrated system and cost modeling
, 54
Intelligent iron ore mine
, 108
Intelligent machining systems
, 1
Intelligent manufacturing systems (IMS)
, 89
Intensive socio-technical system
, 44
Internal reporting
, 9
Internet of things
, 121
Inventory cost
, 132–133
Investments
, 37, 45
Job design
, 108–109
Labor
, (see also Cost(ing))
assembly labor cost
, 56
cost
, 101, 127–128
direct
, 127–128
indirect
, 52, 127–128
operator labor cost
, 56
productivity
, 119
supervisory labor cost
, 56
time-varying labor cost function
, 101
Lean
accounting
, 2, 67–68
concept
, 2
manufacturing
, 2, 67–68, 92
production processes
, 69
Levelized cost
, 3
Load duration curves (LDCs)
, 37–38
Local area network (LAN)
, 29
Long-run cost minimization
, 75
Long-run marginal cost (LRMC)
, 37
Long-term service agreements
, 44
Louis Vuitton
, 29
Low Level Control Integration Library Interface
, 14
Low-cost manufacturing environment
, 62
Lower specification limits (LSL)
, 130
Luxurification in society
, 28–29
Luxury brands
, 29
Machine
analytics
, 125–126
cost
, 128–129
tools
, 10
Machining processes
, 3, 10
Make-to-stock production (MTS production)
, 109
Manned cells
, 127
Manual products
, 55
Manufacturers
, 26
production system
, 56
Manufacturing
costs
, 3, 51–53
firms
, 122
organizations
, 9–10
overhead cost
, 52
pricing in
, 123–127
profit maximization
, 102
sector
, 10
strategy
, 126
systems
, 1, 10, 18, 45, 90–91, 119
technology and processes
, 121–122
Manufacturing Cost Levelization Model
, 3
Manufacturing execution system (MES)
, 91
Marginal cost
functions
, 77
pricing method
, 36–37
Market prices
, 6
Market-based incentives
, 29
Marketers
, 26
Marketing
costs
, 53
mix
, 6
Material
cost
, 128
in smart manufacturing
, 121–122
Mathematical model
, 28
Minimum attractive rate of return (MARR)
, 34
Minimum cost curve (MCC)
, 39
Modern machine tools
, 10
Mold cost estimation
, 58
Moment of truth”
, 125
Monitor safety
, 120
Motorized products
, 55
MSC’s fishery certification programmer
, 29
Multifunctional worker
, 127
Net present value (NPV)
, 3
of automation project
, 34
Network and relational data structures
, 12
“NK” model of complex system
, 12
Nonmanufacturing costs
, 52
Objectives of pricing
, 25
“One size fits all” system setup
, 118
Operating characteristic (OC)
, 83
Operating cost for maintenance and repair
, 20
Operation management
, 120
Operations-oriented pricing
, 26, 124
Operator labor cost
, 56
Opportunity costs
, 4–6, 126
Optimal choice of energy consumption scheduling vector
, 32
Optimal manufacturing systems design
, 3
Optimal prices
, 37
Organizational information processing theory
, 21
Original equipment manufacturer (OEM)
, 44
Overall cost model
, 56
Overall pricing strategy
, 124
Overtime pay
, 97
Parametric values in cost model
, 133–134
Partial elasticity of substitution
, 80
“Parvenus”
, 29
Path Computation Algorithm Interface (PCAI)
, 14
Payback period
, 119
Payoff
, 4
Perfectionism effect
, 27
Physical production in manufacturing industry
, 108
Plastic manufacturers
, 51
Plus cost of scrapping lot (Cscrap)
, 85
Policy analysts
, 4
“Poseurs”
, 29
Predictive engineering
, 121–122
Premium pricing
, 28
Prestige brands
, 27
Prestige goods
, 29
Prestige pricing
, (see Premium pricing)
Prestige-Seeking Consumer Behaviors
, 27
Prevention cost
, 130
Prevention-appraisal-failure model (P-A-F model)
, 81
Price, product, promotion, and place (Four Ps)
, 123
Price adjustment
, 28
coefficient of reference cases
, 36
Price optimization
application of cost model
, 134
autonomous manufacturing systems
, 117–118
computer system functions for automated manufacturing
, 120
industrial automation
, 118–119
pricing in manufacturing
, 123–127
RWSC estimation
, 127–134
smart manufacturing
, 121–123
Price/pricing
, (see also Cost(ing)), 3–7, 25, 123–124
approaches to pricing strategy
, 124–125
in automation
, 25
autonomous cognition
, 107–108
cost system for advanced manufacturing systems
, 126–127
decisions
, 123
decisions
, 7
ETO
, 109–110
industrial engineering methods
, 108–109
literature
, 30
in manufacturing
, 123
model development
, 29–41
model development and analysis
, 110–114
objectives
, 25–29
premium
, 29
profitable selling
, 125–126
strategies
, 7
Price–demand curve
, 110–112
Process capability (PC)
, 130
Process-based cost model
, 83
Product agent (PA)
, 14–16
“Product and support” business model
, 44
Product costing systems
, 66–67
Product Life Cycle
, 18
course of cost and benefit in
, 19
maximum benefit
, 19–20
shares of costs, revenue, and benefits
, 20
Product pricing
, 36
Product service system (PSS)
, 44
Production/productivity
, 18–19
cost
, 126
function
, 97–99
paradox
, 134
technologies
, 108
Profit
, 107
maximization
, 93
profit-oriented pricing
, (see Revenue-oriented pricing)
Profitable selling
, 125–126
Project risk similarity (PRS)
, 35
Property taxes
, 9
Provenance
, 28
Public Finance Act (1989)
, 46
Public–private partnership (PPP)
, 28
Qualitative multiple case-based research method
, 122
Quality and flexibility costs
, 126
Quality cost items
, 130
Quantum computing
, 121
R&D process
, 4
Real-time pricing (RTP)
, 29
Reconfiguration criteria
, 89
Recycling costs
, 20
Reference automation agent architecture model
, 14–17
Regulated electricity markets
, 36
Relationship-oriented pricing
, 27, 125
Relatively ill-structured costs (RISC)
, 126–127, 130–134
Relatively well-structured costs (RWSC)
, (see also Cost(ing)), 126
computer-software cost
, 129–130
depreciation cost
, 130
estimation
, 127
floor-space cost
, 129
indirect labor
, 127–128
machine cost
, 128–129
tool cost
, 129
Representative automation pricing methods
, 36–41
Residual demand
, 110–114
Resource sharing and networking
, 121–122
Revenue-oriented pricing
, 7, 26, 124
RFID tags
, 125
Robots
, 128, 133
Routing Entity Agent (REA)
, 14–16
Salaries
, 127
SCADA control systems
, 118
Scheduling
approach
, 121
horizon
, 30
of products, parts, assemblies, or subassemblies
, 11
schedule production
, 120
Seafood eco-label reward
, 29
Self-adaptation to disturbances
, 89
Self-managed operations
, 43
Selling costs
, 53
Semiconductor companies
, 118–119
Service instance
, 49
Service-oriented solutions
, 121
Set-up cost
, 132
Shop floor resources
, 11
Short-run cost minimization
, 74–75
with one fixed input
, 76
Short-run marginal cost (SRMC)
, 37
Short-term supply chain scheduling
, 121
Single CNC machine tools
, 17–18
Skill Management Entity Agent (SMEA)
, 14–16
Smart manufacturing
, 120–123
SMEs
, 122
Snob effect
, 27
Socially oriented pricing
, 27, 125
Standalone instance
, 47, 50
Standard linear price–demand curve
, 110
State Sector Act (1988)
, 46
Statistical process control (SPC)
, 108–109
Strategic decision-making about factory automation
, 134
Strategic pricing
, 6
Supervisory labor cost
, 56
Supply chain
, 26, 54, 56
management
, 12, 121
scheduling
, 121
Sustainability
, 121–122
System dynamics model (SD model)
, 28, 33
Task analysis
, 108–109
Taxes
, 3
Taylor’s equation
, 129
Theoretical model
, 7
Through-life costing (TLC)
, 43–44, 63
Time interval
, 49
Time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC)
, 67, 92
Time-of-use (TOU)
, 94–96
Time-varying
labor cost function
, 101
pricing
, 94–97
Tool cost
, 129
Tooling and supervisor costs
, 59
Total capacity cost of enterprise
, 40
Total cost (TC)
, 93–94
functions
, 77
Total revenue (TR)
, 93
Traditional accounting methods
, 17
Traditional cost accounting
, 119
Traditional costing system
, 2, 67
Traditional manufacturing systems
, 90
Transport element
, 16–17
Transport Element Agent
, 14, 16–17
Transport Entity Agent (TEA)
, 14–16
Transportable systems
, 20
U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
, 94
Uniform quality standards
, 55
Unmanned air vehicle program (UAV program)
, 47–48
Unreliable production
, 107
Upper specification limits (USL)
, 130
Value stream costing (VSC)
, 67–68, 92–93
Value-based pricing
, 7, 26, 125
Variable cost (VC)
, 9, 85, 93
Variance analysis
, 9
Veblen effect
, 27
Vehicle–infrastructure integration
, 108
Vensim PLE32 software
, 33
Wages
, 127
Waiting cost
, 132
Waiting time
, 29
Window covering products
, 55
Work-in-process inventory (WIP inventory)
, 129
Yield management
, (see Dynamic pricing)
- Prelims
- Chapter 1 Introduction
- Chapter 2 Concepts of Costing in Automation
- Chapter 3 Concepts of Pricing in Automation
- Chapter 4 Cost Parameters and Costing Models in Autonomous Manufacturing
- Chapter 5 Cost Engineering in Autonomous Manufacturing
- Chapter 6 Cost and Price in Autonomous Manufacturing
- Chapter 7 Pricing Models in Autonomous Manufacturing
- Chapter 8 Price Optimization in Autonomous Manufacturing
- References and Further Reading
- Index