Access

, 220–221, 223, 325–326

to care

, 202–205, 212–214, 350

for children and young people

, 305–306

compensation for costs associated with care

, 326

equity of access to supports

, 326

funding and equity of

, 323–324, 325

to health care

, 241

information provision for support to parents

, 325–326

to mental and sexual and reproductive health care

, 241–243

Accessibility

, 63–64, 238, 308, 310–311

Acquired brain injury (ABI)

, 324

Actors

, 68–69

Acute–community interface

, 200–201

Adolescent health medicine

, 266

CME

, 271–272

effective model

, 386–387

within European countries

, 267

postgraduate curricula

, 271

quality of adolescent primary care and amount and content of training

, 272

training in

, 266–272

under-and postgraduate training in field of adolescent medicine

, 267–270

undergraduate curricula

, 271

See also Child health

Adolescent primary care

and amount and content of training

, 272

services

, 239–240

Adolescent-friendly health service

, 232, 238–239

Adolescent-friendly health services and care (AFHSC)

, 239–240

Adolescents

, 221, 238

access to health care

, 241

access to mental health care and sexual and reproductive health care

, 241–243

early recognition of mental health problems in

, 335

rights and ethical issues

, 240–243

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)

, 263

Affiliate contributors to primary care for children

community pharmacy to primary care contribution

, 304–309

dental services to primary care contribution

, 310–315

dentistry

, 327

interface of social care services with primary care

, 315–326

pharmacy

, 327

social care services

, 327–328

Age

age-related measures analysis

, 145–147

at diagnosis of autism

, 108

international databases

, 145–146

at operation for cryptorchidism

, 108

responses by MOCHA country agents

, 146–147

Agent(s)

for child

, 85–87, 322

of proximal environment

, 85–86

of wider environment

, 86–87

Agoge

, 78–79

Alma-Ata, Declaration of (1978)

, 4, 90

Ambulatory-sensitive conditions

, 108, 175–176

American Academy of Paediatricians

, 228

Appraisal frameworks

, 38–39

conceptual general health framework dimensions

, 32–34

identifying

, 30–38

practical application

, 40–41

primary health care conceptual framework dimensions

, 35–37

Appraisal of right to health

, 89–90

Apps, use of

, 73, 296–297, 299

Association of Hungarian primary care paediatricians

, 70–71

Asthma

, 73

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

, 72, 211

care provided to children with

, 215–216

Attitudes

, 349

to abuse from perspective of contextual determinants

, 353–355

Autism

, 72

age at diagnosis

, 108

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

, 211

care provided to children with

, 215–216

Autonomy

of choice

, 73

parent’s opinions and experiences on children’s

, 61–64

Awareness

, 349, 354–355

of child abuse

, 354

of risk factors

, 355

Behaviour(al)

change

, 340–341

episodes

, 353

problems

, 353–354

Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model of determinants of health

, 39–40

Bronfenbrenner’s theory

, 80–83

Bullying

, 70–71

Business process analysis

, 200–201, 211

Care

of children in hospital

, 64–67

structure, processes and outcome of care delivery

, 332

Categorisations

, 105

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

, 140–142

Child centric(ity)

, 39, 56, 77–78, 80–87, 90, 160, 306–307, 320, 373–375

Child Guarantee proposal

, 114

Child health

, 2, 260–261

CIA

, 140–142

equity for

, 103–104

Eurostat

, 135–137

evidence usage in child health policy making

, 367

global burden of disease results tool

, 137–139

health behaviour in school-aged children data portal

, 134–135

indicators

, 131–143

issues

, 67–68

OECD

, 142–143

outcome indicators in MOCHA

, 180–181

policy

, 346, 350–351

WHO health for all explorer

, 131–143

World Bank Open Data and DataBank

, 139–140

See also Adolescent health medicine

Child Health Indicators of Life and Development Project (CHILD Project)

, 39–40, 131, 160, 378

Child primary care. See Primary care for children

Child Public Health EHR System

, 161

Child(ren)

, 57, 130, 221, 232, 277, 305–306, 308–309, 312–313

abuse

, 64–67, 325

as actor in health care

, 80–87

age-related measures analysis

, 145–147

agent for

, 85–87

analysis of disease-related measures

, 147–149

autonomy of choice

, 73

as central actor in process of shaping child health policy

, 86

centricity

, 77–78

changing concept

, 78–80

child-centric health policy

, 84, 85

child-centric paradigm

, 80–87

child-friendly health service

, 232

children and adolescents in national e-health strategies in Europe

, 126

with complex care needs in community

, 72

EHRs for children in primary care

, 285–286

empowerment

, 57

ethical means of listening to

, 377–378

evolving autonomy

, 381

existence of national child and adolescent health strategies

, 122–125

health in Europe

, 3–4

identification of children’s interests in e-health strategies

, 125–126

interest identification in e-health strategies

, 125–126

invisibility in quality measures

, 144–149

listening to

, 56

with long-term condition

, 73

with long-term mental health needs in community

, 72

material deprivation

, 169–170

MOCHA analysis

, 144–145

MOCHA country agent questions about

, 71–73

morbidity

, 3–4

mortality

, 181

number

, 59

obesity

, 64–67, 71

parent’s opinions and experiences on children’s autonomy

, 61–64

poverty

, 101, 261

prevention-orientated primary health care

, 389

protection

, 72–73, 325

relative income poverty rate

, 169

remedying invisibility in data

, 378–379

in socio-cultural context

, 78–80

in state care system

, 112–113

Children’s primary health care

correlation between measures belonging to same category

, 162

countries coordination level

, 163–166

e-coordination

, 166–167

framework for child healthcare system appraisal

, 160–167

identification of measures related to category

, 161

model identification

, 385

SEM approach applied to MOCHA

, 167–171

service quality measurement

, 171–175

tracer conditions

, 175–176

transformation of measures into scores

, 161–162

Children’s rights

appraisal of right to health

, 89–90

core concepts

, 87–88

to health

, 87–90

Ombudsman for

, 87

United Nations Convention on

, 89, 156, 315, 376, 378

timeline of increasing awareness and respect for

, 81–83

Children’s Specialist Examination

, 325

CIA

, 140–142

Co-creation of care

, 202, 206–207

Commission Directives

, 89

Committee on Adolescence

, 240–241

Communication

, 70, 238

channels

, 68

and knowledge

, 263

and management

, 259

and relationships with health care professionals

, 59–61

skills

, 271

Community paediatricians

, 248–251

Community pharmacy

, 304, 308

MOCHA survey into pharmacy use

, 305–308

to primary care

, 304–309

themes of pharmacy use by children and young people

, 308–309

Complex care needs (CCNs)

, 200, 273

access to care

, 202

business process analysis

, 200–201

co-creation of care

, 202

data integration

, 200–201

experience of child and family

, 200–201

integrated governance of care

, 202

long-term ventilation (LTV)

, 201

nursing practice

, 200

principles and standards of care

, 201–202

referral-discharge interface

, 200

services and boundary negotiations for children with complex mental health need

, 202–216

social care interface

, 200

traumatic brain injury (TBI)

, 201

validated principles and standards of care for children living with

, 201–202

Complex mental health needs

access to care

, 212–214

children with

, 202–216

methods

, 202–211

multidisciplinary teams

, 215–216

parental involvement

, 214–215

themes influencing care for children

, 211

See also Mental health

Comprehensiveness

, 220–221

comprehensive care

, 4

comprehensive policy

, 223

Confidentiality

, 64, 240–241

Context

of child primary care

, 64–67

economic

, 169–170, 373

environmental

, 39, 57

European community

, 376

family

, 57

preventive care

, 57

societal

, 39, 373–376

socio-cultural

, 7, 78–80

Contextual

change

, 349

determinants

, 353–355

factors

, 38

Continuing medical education (CME)

, 271–272

Convention on Rights of Child (CRC)

, 238

Coordination

, 220–221

category

, 161, 162

child protection

, 325

flexible support

, 323–324

of social care and primary care services

, 322–325

Corruption

, 353

Countries coordination level

, 163–166

countries distribution by e-coordination strength

, 165

national expenditure on ‘governance and health system administration’

, 166

Country agents (CAs)

, 8–10, 72, 73, 144–145, 148–149, 201–211, 220–221, 348–349, 391

comparison between international databases and coverage

, 175

data collection

, 9–10

identification

, 8

questionnaire

, 174–175

working process and project timetable

, 8–9

Cross-case research design

, 337

Cross-nationality

, 352

Cryptorchidism, age at operation for

, 108

Cultural/culture

, 57, 78, 346

aspects

, 364–368

attitudes to abuse from perspective of contextual determinants

, 353–355

European values study

, 346–347

public opinion and drivers

, 347–353

Cyberbullying

, 70–71

Cynefin model on complexity

, 339

Data systems, children invisibility in

children invisibility in quality measures

, 144–149

counting and understanding infants, children and adolescents

, 130

data sources

, 143–144

databases available and including child health indicators

, 131–143

quality measures key points

, 149–151

registration data

, 130–144

seeking children’s data in records-based research databases

, 151–155

Databases in child health indicators

, 131–143

Declaration of Alma-Ata (1978)

, 4

Declaration of the Rights of the Child

, 81–83

Dental services contribution to primary care

, 310–315

accessibility

, 310–311

economics

, 313–315

preventive care

, 311–313

Dentistry

, 310, 327

Depression

, 102, 241–243

Development, Mental Health and Trauma

, 263

DG CONNECT

, 379

DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion (2018)

, 377

DIPEx International network

, 58, 200–201

Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis vaccine (DTP vaccine)

, 168

Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)

, 137–138

Discretionary Medical Card

, 68

Disease-related measures analysis

international databases

, 147–148

responses by country agents

, 148–149

Distal environment

, 85, 368

DTP 1 immunisation

, 171

e-Health

children’s interests identification in

, 125–126

current limited evidence and knowledge base

, 284

EHRs for children in primary care

, 285–286

as enabler of primary care for children

, 284

external collaboration

, 298–299

media

, 295–297

practical and operational record linkage

, 289–295

records

, 161

standards and evaluation

, 379–380

systems

, 336–337

unique identifiers and record linkage

, 287–289

EC Horizon 2020

, 6

Economic(s)

, 313–315

analysis

, 180

conditions

, 186, 220–221

context

, 169–170, 373

of investing in children’s health

, 379

skill set evaluation

, 388

Education(al)

attainment and occupational social class

, 101

films

, 70–71

and guidance

, 248

institution

, 220

system

, 238

and Training

, 376

Electronic Health Data Exchange

, 289

Electronic health record (EHR)

, 125, 284, 285

Child Public Health EHRs in Europe

, 286

for children in primary care

, 285–286

functionality and data exchange

, 286

Electronic record

and data to supporting safe and efficient models

, 388

systems

, 287–289

Environment

, 336

cultural

, 2–3

distal

, 85, 368

economic

, 2–3

financial

, 152–155

natural

, 2

physical

, 2–3, 61, 373

proximal

, 85–86

Environmental pollution

, 71

Equity

, 31, 100, 223

of access

, 326

for child health

, 103–104

early childhood

, 101–102

ensuring for all children in all models

, 388

future directions

, 114–115

in health

, 100–101

health inequalities effects on child health

, 102–103

and levers

, 333

of provision for young people

, 72

relationship of equity indicators and model types

, 109–110

rights and

, 380–381

vulnerable populations

, 110–113

See also Inequity

Estonia (cross-ministerial involvement in strategic planning)

, 124–125

Estonian Social Insurance Board

, 325–326

Europe

addressing child health inequity in primacy care health systems

, 113–114

children’s health in

, 3–4

European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP)

, 251–259, 267

European Centre for Disease Control (ECDC)

, 298, 379–380

European Child Public Health Observatory network

, 379

European Commission Expert Group on Health Systems Performance

, 372

European Confederation of Primary Care Paediatricians (ECPCP)

, 260–261

European Convention on Human Rights

, 81–83

European Economic Area (EEA)

, 56, 110, 130, 200, 260, 304

European Health Examination Survey

, 378

European Health Interview & Health Examination Surveys Database website

, 378

European Skills/Competences, Qualifications and Occupations (ESCO)

, 377

European Social Charter

, 81–83

European Union (EU)

, 56, 100, 124, 130, 200, 260, 304, 332

adolescent medicine and health within

, 267

to boost primary care for children

, 377–381

directives

, 90

EU Public Health principle

, 360–361

health workforce

, 272

solidarity

, 382

European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights

, 316, 325

European Union Medical Specialties (EUMS)

, 260–261

European Values Study (EVS)

, 346–347

Eurostat (statistics database)

, 130, 135–137, 143–144, 376

Evaluation

, 379–380

of childcare

, 144, 172

economic

, 37

healthcare

, 160

Institute for Health Metrics and

, 137

of levers

, 30

of paediatric care

, 172

of quality of child care

, 167, 172, 173

skill set

, 37, 388

Expert Panel on Effective Ways of Investing in Health

, 15–16

Family medicine (FM)

, 4, 5

Financial

classifications

, 15–16

environment and spending

, 152–155

levers

, 339–340

national data on health expenditure and financing

, 153–155

provision classification

, 16–29, 109–110

First-contact care

, 4

Foreign-born children

, 105

Foreign-born parents

, 105

Free professional non-hierarchical model

, 16

Fundamental Rights Agency

, 316, 376

Funding

, 15–16

and equity of access

, 325

Gaming

, 332

Gatekeeper

and GP-led countries

, 332

and mixed-led countries

, 332

General practitioner (GP)

, 3, 15, 103–104, 182, 248, 332–333

GP/Family doctor-led model

, 15

Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child

, 79, 80

Germany

cross-ministerial involvement in strategic planning

, 124–125

quality aspect in

, 365–366

Gini coefficient

, 169, 261

Global Burden of Disease (GBD)

, 130, 137–139, 143–144

Global processes and movements

, 352

Globalisation

, 352

Good practices, expert views on implementation of

, 337–339

availability and use of guidelines and formal procedures

, 338

barriers and facilitators of implementation

, 338–339

Governance

, 30, 220–221

of primary care system

, 186

Greek Country Agent

, 100, 366–367

Hausman test

, 184

Health

children’s rights to

, 87

equity in

, 100–101

health-promoting school

, 233

indicators through World Bank Open Data database

, 141–142

inequalities

, 31, 102–103

outcome

, 31

services

, 2–3

Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Study (HBSC Study)

, 130, 131, 134–135, 351–352, 354–355

Health care

, 238–239

child as actor in

, 80–87

organisation

, 220

professionals

, 5, 59–61, 251–259

providers

, 220, 233

quality

, 171–172

services

, 220

utilisation

, 103–104

of vulnerable children, undergraduate courses

, 263

workforce

, 248, 273

Health Experiences Research Group (HERG)

, 58–59

Health for All database (HFA database)

, 130, 131

WHO

, 131–143

Health Insurance Fund

, 314

Health policy

child-centric

, 84–85

planning for children’s services, issues in

, 124–125

and provision in European community context

, 376

Healthcare system

, 167, 238

factors

, 182

variables

, 195

Helplines

, 73

HL7 Foundation

, 298–299, 379–380

Home-based records

, 379–380

of children’s health

, 73

HON Code

, 296

Horizon 2020 scheme

, 360–361

Housing tenure, lack of

, 101

Human and technical resources (HRes)

, 131–132

Human Rights

European Convention on

, 81–83

Universal Declaration of

, 81–83, 89

Immunisation

, 339

coverage

, 168

Immunisation Information System (IIS)

, 298

Incentives

, 30, 41, 182–184, 334

Inequity

, 100–101

in access to health care

, 101

Europe addressing child health inequity in primacy care health systems

, 113–114

primary care and contribution to addressing health

, 103–106

quality indicators of primary and evidence

, 106–109

See also Equity

Infants

, 130

vaccination coverage in

, 334

Information

, 68, 70–71

provision for support to parents

, 325–326

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)

, 137

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

, 81–83

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

, 81–83

International databases

, 173–174

comparison between country agents coverage and

, 175

International Federation of Medical Student Associations (IFMSA)

, 260–261

International Save the Children Union (UISE)

, 79

International variability in healthcare expenditures

, 251

Intertwining of health, economy and society

economic context

, 373

health policy and provision in European community context

, 376

societal context

, 373–376

Intractable epilepsy

, 201

Irish Pharmacy Union

, 307

ISTISAN Report

, 71

Justice, procedural

, 340–341

Kendall’s correlation matrix

, 165

Lead

clinician

, 15

practitioner

, 109

practitioner

, 15

Leadership

, 30

of children’s policies

, 123

Levers, behavioural

, 341

Listening

ethical means to children

, 377–378

to professional stakeholders

, 334–337

Listening to young people

, 56

changing attitudes to

, 56–57

communication and relationships with health care professionals

, 59–61

data collection

, 58–59

involvement and participation in care

, 60–61

MOCHA country agent questions about children

, 71–73

parent’s opinions and experiences on children’s autonomy

, 61–64

qualitative inquiry into children’s experiences

, 58

societal reactions

, 64–71

views and experiences

, 58–61

Long-term ventilation (LTV)

, 201

Looked-after children (LAC)

, 262

Measles-containing vaccine (MCV)

, 106

Media

, 87

campaigns

, 69

digital

, 349

e-health

, 295–297

social

, 70

traditional

, 70

Mental health

, 353–354

care

, 241–243

screening for

, 339

and self-harm

, 239

Mental healthcare services

, 123

Migrant children

, 355

entitlements to health care

, 110–112

Ministerial convention declarations

, 90

Ministry of Health (MoH)

, 87, 123

MOCHA analysis

, 172–175

comparison between international databases and country agents coverage

, 175

country agents questionnaire

, 174–175

international databases

, 173–174

measurement classification

, 173, 174

PREMs and PROMs

, 175

MOCHA countries

, 180

analysis

, 184

child health outcome indicators

, 180–181

description of dependent and independent variables

, 187–188

descriptive statistics of quantitative variables

, 189

explanatory variables

, 181–184

financing and service delivery classifications

, 183

findings

, 184–195

GDP per capita

, 195

methods

, 180

PHAMEU scoring system

, 185–186

results of regression modelling

, 192–193

values of quantitative variables by country

, 190–191

MOCHA External Advisory Board

, 390

MOCHA International Research Opportunity Instrument tool (MIROI tool)

, 41, 151

MOCHA Scientists

dissemination

, 389

economic and skill set evaluation and analysis of models

, 388

effective models of school health services and adolescent health services

, 386–387

electronic records and data

, 388

ensuring equity for all children in all models

, 388

identification and application of innovative measures of quality and outcome

, 387

identification and derivatives uses of large data sets and systems

, 387

identification of children’s primary health care models

, 385

interfaces of primary health care model with secondary, social and complex care

, 385–386

MOCHA External Advisory Board

, 390

project management

, 390

validated optimal models of children’s prevention-orientated primary health care

, 389

MOCHA survey into pharmacy use

, 305–308

increasing access for children and young people

, 305–306

quality of pharmacy services

, 306–308

Models of Child Health Appraised project (MOCHA project)

, 2, 14, 56, 100, 122, 125, 130, 142, 144–145, 160, 172, 196, 220, 238, 248, 284, 304, 332, 333, 346, 347, 351–352, 353–354, 360, 361, 364–366, 372, 373, 377, 379–380

aims

, 6–7

adapting frameworks for

, 38–40

background and origins

, 2–5

changing epidemiology

, 4

children’s health in Europe

, 3–4

coordination and WP interaction

, 10

country agent questions about children

, 71–73

country agents

, 8–10

data analyses

, 10

instruments

, 89–90

integration

, 11

investigation

, 355

life stage of child and

, 48–49

mapping of models of provision in

, 17–29

PC and scope

, 4–5

primary child health care in

, 5–6

in public consultation

, 375

research

, 77–78, 85, 89

stakeholder survey

, 367–368

structural equation modelling approach applied to MOCHA

, 167–171

structure and operation

, 7–8

structure of model in terms of

, 42–44

team

, 284

working model

, 40

Mortality

causes of

, 138

indicators

, 181, 195

Mortality Indicator dataset (MDB)

, 131–132

National Association of Pharmacies

, 307–308

National child and adolescent health strategies

, 122–125

issues in health policy planning for children’s services

, 124–125

ownership and leadership of children’s policies

, 123

relationship between national policy planning and provider planning

, 123–124

National health

and educational authorities

, 222–223

insurance fund

, 124

service-based systems

, 109–110

National policy planning

, 123–124

National Research Council and Institute of Medicine

, 240–241

Neo-liberalism

, 339

Neonatal intensive care

, 378

Neonatal mortality

, 194

Netherlands, quality aspect in

, 365–366

Non-communicable diseases

, 130

Non-governmental organisations (NGOs)

, 68, 86, 87

Non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH)

, 155

Nurses

, 5, 248

for emerging models of care

, 276–277

training and skills

, 274, 275

Nursing

, 5

education

, 271

roles

, 273

Nursing workforce

, 272–277

need for specialised knowledge

, 274

preparing nurses for emerging models of care

, 276–277

Obesity

, 102

Ombudsman for Children

, 70–71

rights

, 87

Optimal model

children’s prevention-orientated primary health care

, 389

for children’s primary health care

, 382

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

, 142–143, 351–352

Out-of-home care (OHC)

, 112

See also Primary care (PC)

Paediatric and social setting

child health providers

, 266

qualifications of doctor to deal with cases in

, 263–266

Paediatric Nursing Association of Europe

, 274

Paediatrician-led model

, 15

Paracelsus NGO

, 68–69

Parent’s opinions and experiences on children’s autonomy

, 61–64

accessibility

, 63–64

confidentiality

, 64

empowerment

, 64

identity

, 323–324

Patient-reported Experience Measures (PREMs)

, 172, 175

Patient-reported Outcome Measures (PROMs)

, 172, 175

Penalties

, 333, 339–341

Perinatal health

, 378

PHAMEU

, 39, 184, 185–186, 220–221, 379

Pharmaceutical Group of European Union (PGEU)

, 327

Pharmaceutical Society of Ireland

, 307

Pharmacy

, 243, 327

MOCHA survey into

, 305–308

quality

, 306–308

services

, 304

themes by children and young people

, 308–309

Policy

, 310

child-centric Health

, 84, 85

child health

, 85, 86, 350–351, 352

evidence-informed

, 382

health

, 364, 376

obesity prevention

, 86

primary care

, 56

Poland, quality aspect in

, 365–366

Population characteristics, intervention content, environment and transfer–transferability process model (PIET-T process model)

, 333, 335–336, 360, 361, 368

format of recommendations

, 369

Postgraduate

, 260–261

curricula

, 271

training in field of adolescent medicine and health

, 267–270

Practical and operational record linkage

, 289–295

communication in other direction

, 296

linked record between primary care services

, 295

organisational linkages electronic record data sharing

, 290

policy for record

, 297

pupil sustains injury in school

, 297

types of electronic health data exchanged

, 291–292

Preferences fOr Child Health Care Assessed questionnaire (POCHA questionnaire)

, 61, 363

Preventive care

, 106, 248, 311–313

Primacy care health systems, child health inequity in

, 113–114

Primary care (PC)

, 2, 6, 130, 180, 248, 254–255, 273

in child centred ecological model and MOCHA

, 45–47

for children

, 304

community pharmacy to

, 304–309

comprehensiveness of care

, 186

continuity of care

, 186

and contribution to addressing health inequity

, 103–106

coordination of care

, 186

dental service contribution to

, 310–315

economic conditions of

, 186

EHRs for children in

, 285–286

in EU countries

, 332–333

governance of

, 186

health services

, 2

paediatricians

, 5

on population health

, 30–31

primary care-based system

, 248–251

providers

, 216, 287

quality indicator

, 196

quality measurEMENT

, 379

and scope

, 4–5

services

, 228, 238, 322–325

social care services interface with

, 315–326

strength

, 194

systems

, 15

teams

, 5

training in

, 251–259

values

, 14

workforce development

, 186

Primary care for adolescents

adolescent primary care services

, 239–240

adolescents’ rights and ethical issues

, 240–243

methods

, 239

Primary care for children

, 375

children’s evolving autonomy

, 381

collaborative and harmonised use of downloaded research databases

, 380

e-Heath standards and evaluation

, 379–380

economics of investing in children’s health

, 379

ethical means of listening to children

, 377–378

measuring primary care quality

, 379

optimal human resources

, 377

remedying invisibility of children in data

, 378–379

rights and equity

, 380–381

Primary care model

, 14–29

financial classifications

, 15–16

lead practitioner classifications

, 15

regulatory, financial and service provision classifications

, 16–29

Primary care workforce

, 248–251

configurations

, 273–274

country agent responses to questions on training of workforce

, 256–258

density of paediatricians by MOCHA typology

, 251

healthcare expenditure and workforce data for MOCHA

, 249–250

workforce sent to country agents

, 252–253

Primary child health care

in MOCHA

, 5–6

provision

, 14

Primary child health system

, 38

Primary health care (PHC)

, 4, 304, 323, 327

for children

, 361

co-location

, 321–322

conceptual framework behind assessment framework

, 320

experiences

, 363, 364

formal networks

, 322

informal networks or communication

, 322

integration between primary health care/social care

, 321

model with secondary, social and complex care

, 385–386

priorities

, 363–364

providers caring for adolescents

, 276–277

public experiences and priorities in

, 362–364

services

, 315

social care integration with

, 320–322

system

, 238

Primary Health Care Activity Monitor for Europe (PHAMEU)

, 39, 184, 185–186, 220–221, 379

Procedural Justice

, 340–341

Process Model for the Assessment of Transferability

, 362

Professional hierarchical gatekeeper model

, 16

Professional stakeholders, listening to

, 334–337

early recognition of mental health problems in adolescents

, 335

environment

, 336

feasibility, barriers and facilitators

, 335–336

intervention content

, 336–337

population characteristics

, 336

transfer

, 337

treatment and monitoring of chronic or complex condition

, 334–335

vaccination coverage in infants

, 334

Provision

of care

, 350

of health services

, 88

Proximal environment

, 85–86

Public

expression

, 68, 69

health EHR system

, 285

hierarchical normative model

, 16

involvement

, 124

outcry

, 87

perceptions

, 360

preference studies

, 10

voices

, 67–68

Public opinion and drivers

, 347–353

international determinants

, 351–352

situational aspects

, 352–353

socio-cultural factors

, 348–349

structural determinants

, 350–351

Quality

of adolescent primary care and amount and content of training

, 272

assurance

, 223

of care

, 131, 171–172

health care models

, 238–239

management infrastructure

, 233

of pharmacy services

, 306–308

Quality indicators of primary and evidence of inequity

, 106–109

findings

, 107–109

preventive care

, 106

Quality measures

children invisibility in

, 144–149

of healthcare system

, 171–175

Questionnaire

, 135

semi-structured

, 348

POCHA

, 61, 363

country agents

, 174–175

RäddaBarnenin Sweden

, 79

Random effects model

, 184–189

Recognition of Children’s Rights

, 87–88

Records-based research databases

financial environment and spending

, 152–155

seeking children’s data in

, 151–155

Record linkage

, 287–295

Regression modelling results

, 192–193

Regulatory provision classification

, 16–29, 109–110

Religion

, 349

Right of Child to Health

, 88

Right to Health

, 88

appraisal

, 89–90

core concepts of children’s

, 87–88

Rights

approaches

, 78–80

and equity

, 380–381

Rights of Child to Primary Care

, 90–95

Risk factors of inequity

, 104–106

family situation

, 104

gender

, 104

migrants/minorities

, 105–106

regional differences

, 106

SES

, 104–105

See also Inequity

School Health Service (SHS)

, 220, 272, 289, 293–294

collaboration

, 223–228

data management

, 232

discussion and implications

, 233

effective model of

, 386–387

equity and access

, 223

functions

, 222–232

governed and organised

, 222–223

implications and recommendations

, 233–234

indicators of access

, 224–227

indicators of workforce in

, 229–231

methods

, 220–222

quality assurance

, 223

services provided by

, 232

stakeholders’ involvement

, 232

tasks, roles and competence of SHS staff

, 228–231

Scottish Youth Parliament

, 125

Service provision classification

, 16–29, 109–110

Service quality measurement

MOCHA analysis

, 172–175

quality measures

, 171–172

Sexual and reproductive health

, 239

care

, 241–243

Social care

, 72–73, 327

legal basis for

, 316–320, 317–319

providers

, 216

Social care services

, 304, 315, 327–328

access and participation

, 325–326

coordination of social care and primary care services

, 322–325

integration of social care with primary health care

, 320–322

interface with primary care

, 315–326

legal basis for social care

, 316–320

Social inclusion

, 100, 376

Social media

, 70

Societal reactions

, 64–71

actions

, 69–70

actors

, 68–69

communication

, 70

information

, 70–71

Socio-cultural context

changing concept of child and history of rights approaches

, 78–80

child in

, 78–80

Socio-cultural factors

, 348–349

Socio-economic status (SES)

, 102, 104–105, 131, 263

Socioeconomic variables

, 180

Spain, quality aspect in

, 365–366

Specialised knowledge

, 275–276

distribution of child-related content

, 276

Spirometry

, 339

State care system, children in

, 112–113

Structural determinants

, 350–351

external structural determinants

, 350–351

internal structural determinants

, 350

Structural equation modelling (SEM)

, 10

applied to MOCHA

, 167–171

approach

, 167

economic context factor

, 169–170

example of SEM model applied to MOCHA dataset

, 168–171

immunisation coverage

, 168

mandatory vaccination

, 168–169

monitoring factor

, 170–171

Tracer conditions

, 41, 175–176, 201–202, 332

Transferability of primary child healthcare systems

, 332

expert views on implementation of good practices

, 337–339

listening to professional stakeholders

, 334–337

penalties, rewards and behaviour change

, 339–341

Transferability principles

, 360–362

Traumatic brain injury

, 201

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)

, 145–146

Trillium II project

, 298–299

UN Convention on Rights of Child (UNCRC)

, 80–83, 100

Undergraduate

curricula

, 271

training in field of adolescent medicine and health

, 267–270

Undergraduate (basic) medical training

, 259–266

European Medical Schools’ curricula analysed by MOCHA

, 262

mandatory courses related to health care of subgroups

, 264

preparing students for management of vulnerable children

, 263–266

representative countries

, 262

skills and qualifications to adequately treat

, 261

whole population approach

, 260

Undergraduate programmes in Bulgaria, Germany and Iceland

, 263–266

qualifications of doctor to deal with cases

, 263–266

skills and qualifications to overcome challenges

, 265

training in personal and interpersonal skills

, 263

undergraduate courses relating to health care of vulnerable children

, 263

Undocumented children

, 105–106

Unemployment of parents

, 102

Unified business modelling techniques (UML)

, 10

methodology

, 200–201

use of case diagram

, 213

Unique record identifier (URI)

, 287, 288

United Kingdom, quality aspect in

, 365–366

United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)

, 238–239

United Nations Convention on Rights of Child

, 315

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

, 81–83

United Nations General Assembly (1990)

, 238

United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF)

, 81–83

United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)

, 238–239

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

, 81–83

Universal health coverage (UHC)

, 131

Vaccinations

, 107–108, 339

coverage in infants

, 334

Validated principles

, 201–202

access to care

, 202–205

co-creation of care

, 202, 206–207

effective integrated governance

, 202, 208–210

Violence

, 241–243

Viral gastroenteritis

, 106–107

Vulnerable adolescents

, 241

Vulnerable populations

, 110–113

children in state care system

, 112–113

migrant children’s entitlements to health care

, 110–112

Work packages (WPs)

, 7–8, 10

coordination and WP interaction

, 10

Workforce

, 182, 350

development

, 220–221

nursing workforce

, 272–277

primary care workforce

, 248–251

training in adolescent health medicine

, 266–272

training in primary care

, 251–259

undergraduate (basic) medical training

, 259–266

World Bank Open Data and DataBank

, 139–140

World Factbook

, 140–142

World Health Organization (WHO)

, 101–102, 131, 171–172, 222, 232, 238–239, 267, 272, 351–352, 353–354

HFA

, 131–143

World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

, 89