Administrative records

, 19

Age-dependent relationship

, 92

Alcohol consumption

, 8

Alcohol dependency

, 158

All-volunteer forces (AVFs)

, 1

Anti-depressives

, 158

Antipsychotics

, 158

Anxiety-relieving medicines

, 158

Arbejdsskadestryelsen (ASK)

, 5, 166

Armed Forces Day (AFD)

, 18–19, 23, 151–153, 182

Army chaplain

, 58

Army Operational Command

, 23

of soldiers

, 13

Army Reaction Force Training

, 28

Army Standing Reaction Force

, 47

Army Training Reaction Force

, 47

Average treatment effect on the treated (ATET)

, 19

Backgrounds before deployment

, 28–31

‘Battlemind − Homemind’ Project

, 60

Børge Prien Prøve (BPP)

, 32–33, 34

Børge Prien test

, 32–33

Cannabis consumption among soldiers

, 103–104, 105

Civilian job market

, 32

Combat situations

, 83

Compensation and reimbursement

, 61

Comradeship

, 50, 85

Contacts per person with psychiatric health care service

, 156

Contracts and employment types, military

, 74

Criminality

before to after deployment

, 137–138

among first-timers

, 37–40

among soldiers

, 130–140

in control group

, 136

deployed and control group, difference in

, 136–137

deployment effect

, 139

logistic regression

, 134–136

measuring

, 131

observations

, 131–132

population

, 131

probability

, 135

violent crime

, 132–133, 138

Danish Armed Forces (DAF)

, 1, 65

Danish Health Authority

, 101

Danish International Brigade (DIB)

, 24–26, 74

Danish Ministry of Defence

, 43

Danish Psychiatric Central register

, 142

Danish veterans

, 183

Debriefing with psychologist

, 58

Defined daily doses (DDD)

, 163, 165

Defusing

, 58

Deployed populations

, 20

Deployed stratified by military characteristics

, 146–147

Deployed women soldiers

, 32

motivation

, 114

Deployment

age

, 29

deployed soldiers, recruitment and training

, 24–26

effect

, 139

family situation

, 30–31

gender among deployed soldiers

, 28, 29

missions by country

, 25

mission type

, 25

number by mission

, 26

number of

, 27

out-of-home care

, 31

selection criteria and factors

, 26

soldier deployed, number of times

, 27

Deployment, health profile before and after

analysis of mortality

, 175–182

deployed soldiers

, 175–180

deployed and the control groups

, 151–154

diagnoses

, 145–150

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

, 145–147

registration

, 147–149

soldiers deployment

, 150

first-time deployed in 2002

, 154–155

medication for mental health-related disease and substance abuse

, 158–164

mental health medication

, 158

purchase of

, 158–164

military office of industrial injuries and compensation (FAEK)

, 169–175

wounded, repatriated or reporting a work-related injury

, 171–172

psychiatric diagnoses

, 142

among the deployed between 1995 and 2010

, 142–144

psychiatric diagnosis after deployment

, 150–151

psychiatric service, contacts with

, 155–158

substance abuse among the deployed, 1996-2010

, 164–166

medication purchase

, 165

mental problems

, 165–166

work-related injuries

, 166–169

and occupational disease

, 166–169

Depressive illness

, 147

Descriptive analyses

, 6

Dichotomous transformation

, 115

motivation

, 115

Difference-in-differences (DID) method

, 19

Disability pension

, 78, 79

Divorced household

, 71–72

Draft day

, 23

Draft session

, 18–19

Drug and alcohol consumption, veterans

, 101–105

Drug Database (Lægemiddeldatabasen)

, 158

Educational background and intelligence test results

, 31–33

Employment contracts

, 67

Engagement risk in fighting

, 109

Experiences during mission

combat situations

, 83

duties during deployment

, 82–83

family tradition, evidence for

, 82

objective factors

, 80–81

subjective factors

, 84

External support groups

, 61

Family members, psychological well-being

, 50–51

Financial crisis

, 34–35, 78

Financial incentives

, 107–108

Financial situation before and after deployment

and criminality

, 18–19

debt among deployed

, 121, 123–125, 127–128

difference-indifference regressions

, 130

disposable income

, 122–123, 124–125

economic incentives

, 121

home ownership

, 124–125

questionnaire

, 121

socio-demographic background variables

, 129

variables in analysis

one-time and many-time deployed

, 122

population

, 122

First-time deployments

, 35–36

First-timers soldiers

, 34–35

Forsvarets Arbejdsskade- og Erstatningskontor (FAEK)

, 166, 169–175

Forsvarets Personeltjeneste (FPT)

, 60

Forsvarets Sundhedstjeneste (FSU)

, 59

‘Front-line’ situation

, 1

Gulf war

, 184

Haerens Konstabelog Korporal Forening (HKKF)

, 61–62

Haerens Operative Kommando (HOK)

, 23

Haerens Reaktionsstyrke Uddannelse (HRU)

, 47

Haerens Staaende ReaktionsStyrke (SRS)

, 47

‘Hard’ mission

, 58–59

Health profile before and after deployment

, 141

analysis

, 19–21

analysis of mortality

, 175–182

deployed soldiers

, 175–180

deployed and the control groups

, 151–154

diagnoses

, 145–150

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

, 145–147

registration

, 147–149

soldiers deployment

, 150

first-time deployed in 2002

, 154–155

medication for mental health-related disease and substance abuse

, 158–164

mental health medication

, 158

purchase of

, 158–164

military office of industrial injuries and compensation (FAEK)

, 169–175

wounded, repatriated or reporting a work-related injury

, 171–172

outcomes in analysis

, 20

psychiatric diagnoses

, 142

among the deployed between 1995 and 2010

, 142–144

psychiatric diagnosis after deployment

, 150–151

psychiatric service, contacts with

, 155–158

substance abuse among the deployed, 1996-2010

, 164–166

medication purchase

, 165

mental problems

, 165–166

work-related injuries

, 166–169

and occupational disease

, 166–169

Heaping effect

, 167

Highest ranked psychiatric diagnoses

, 148

Highest risk category soldiers

, 63

Homecoming soldiers

criminality

, 130–140

financial situation before and after deployment

, 121–130

motivations, before-and-after analysis

, 108–121

Housing, owned and rented

, 71

IFOR

, 24, 151, 157

Improvised explosive devices (IEDs)

, 42

Income and socio-economic status

, 33–37

Individual deployments

, 87, 90

Industrial Injuries Board (ASK)

, 172–174

Institute for Military Psychology (IMP)

, 58–59, 84

Intelligence tests

, 6

International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10)

, 142

International military

deployment, recommendation

, 91

mission

, 108

Interview-based surveys

, 2

Interview data

, 14–17

INTOPS data

, 13

‘Invisible’ veterans

, 184

Iraq

, 24

war

, 143

ISAF

, 24

Job market

, 36

K35

, 74, 78

contract

, 67

KFOR

, 24

Labour market

, 36

Last deployment and seniority, military

, 73–74

Leadership

, 49–50

during deployment

, 90

Legal rights

, 63

Logistic regression

, 161–162, 176–177

criminality

, 134–136

on probability of dying after deployment

, 177

Many-times deployed soldiers

, 66, 91

Maturation and masculinity

, 47

Media coverage, returning home

, 53–54

Medication

for mental illness

, 158–164

for substance abuse

, 158–164

mental health medication

, 158

purchase of

, 158–164

Mental disorders

, 153

Mental health medication

, 10, 142, 183–184

Mental illness

, 141

after deployment

, 173

Mild-traumatic brain injury (MTBI)

, 143

Military

contracts and employment types

, 74

Denmark’s International Brigade (DIB)

, 74

duties

, 48

hardware

, 48

K35

, 74

last deployment and seniority

, 73–74

leaving reason

, 77–78

respondents

, 73

technical volunteers

, 74

true volunteers

, 74

veterans

contract type and employment status

, 74

educational status of

, 75–77

volunteer status on entry

, 74, 75

volunteering for military service

, 74–75

work after

, 78–79

Military Health Service

, 59

Military Office of Industrial Injuries and Compensation (FAEK)

, 166, 169–175, 172–174

wounded, repatriated or reporting a work-related injury

, 171–172

Military Personnel Service

, 60

Military Privates and Corporals Union

, 61–62, 99–100

Military’s employment contracts

, 67

Military social workers

, 62

Ministry of Defence Personnel Administration

, 26

Mission bums

, 48, 91

Missions

experiences and subsequent careers

drug and alcohol consumption

, 101–105

experiences during mission

, 79–84

one-time deployment, subjective experiences of

, 84–91

path into and out of military

, 72–79

repatriated

, 92

self-assessed psychological and physical problems

, 93–96

social relationships and health

, 96–101

veterans, demographic profile

, 66–72

veterans’ smoking habits

, 101–105

wounded soldiers

, 92–93

and number of deployments, types

, 24–28

type, psychological well-being

, 49

Mortality

, 141

analysis of

, 175–182

Motivation

, 19, 107

before and after deployment

, 109–114

deployed women soldiers

, 114

dichotomous transformation

, 115

ISAF 11 and UNIFIL 4

, 109

missions and

, 110–114

motivational variables

, 116

multiple correspondence analysis (MCA)

, 110, 114–119

from other-oriented to self-oriented factors

, 109–110

personnel groups

, 114

ratings of

, 113

self-oriented gain

, 116

self-oriented motivation

, 116–118

social background variables

, 116

statements

, 18

structuring and supplementary variables

, 115

supplementary variables describing self-oriented

, 118, 119

Motivational variables

, 116

Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA)

, 110, 114–119

National Board of Industrial Health

, 19

National Board of Industrial Injuries

, 5, 166

National Health Service

, 165–166

Networks, returning home

, 53

Non-combat-related injuries

, 8

Non-commissioned officers (NCO)

, 28, 63

Non-observed personal characteristics

, 19

Occupational disease

, 166–169

Office of Industrial Injury and Compensation for the Military

, 19

One-time and many-time deployed soldiers

, 159

One-time deployed

, 66

One-time deployment, subjective experiences of

negative statements

, 88, 89

families, partners and friends

, 88–89

individual deployments

, 90

leadership during deployment

, 90

recommend international military deployment

, 91

repatriated and wounded veterans

, 90

service status

, 90

veterans with several deployments

, 91

positive statements

comradeship

, 85

experiences in relation to civilian life

, 88

individual deployment

, 87

situations handling

, 85–86

veterans in former Yugoslavia

, 86–87

veterans in service

, 87

Peace-enforcing (PE) missions

, 1, 5, 88, 183

Peace-keeping missions

, 88

Peacekeeping (PK) missions

, 1, 5, 183

Pension

, 78

Personal identification numbers (CPR)

, 5, 13, 14

Physical injuries

returning home

, 54

and support programmes

, 60

Post-concussion syndrome

, 143

Post-traumatic brain injury

, 143

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

, 61, 145–147, 168

diagnosis

, 141–142

numbers of deployed with

, 145–147

Pre-deployment income

, 35–36

Privates income

, 34–35

Property crimes

, 37–38

Psychiatric diagnoses

, 142, 143, 157, 174

during 1995-2010

, 154

after deployment

, 150–151

among the deployed between 1995 and 2010

, 142–144

F32 and F33

, 163

Psychiatric health service

, 142, 155

Psychiatric problems

, 28

Psychiatric service

, 155–158

Psychoactive substance abuse

, 142, 153

Psychological damage

, 61, 88

Psychological problems

, 142

see also deployment, health profile before and after

Psychological reactions, returning home

, 55

Psychological well-being, during deployment

comradeship

, 50

family members

, 50–51

leadership

, 49–50

mission type

, 49

recognition from society

, 51

Psychostimulants

, 158

Qualitative interviews

, 5–6, 7, 14–15

Questionnaire-based data

, 13

Questionnaire study of motivation

, 17–18

Recognition by society, returning home

, 53

Recognition from society, psychological well-being

, 51

Records-based data

, 13–14

Re-deployment

, 149

Regression analysis

, 160

of the probability

, 150–151

Relatives, returning home

, 56

Repatriated and wounded veterans

, 41–43, 90, 92

Respondents

, 15, 16

Response rate, background factors

, 15, 16

Returning home, international military mission

after deployment

media coverage

, 53–54

networks

, 53

physical injuries

, 54

positive consequences

, 55–56

psychological reactions

, 55

recognition by society

, 53

relatives

, 56

return home to family

, 52

before, during and after deployment

, 45–47

motivations and preparation, before deployment

, 47–48

psychological well-being, during deployment

, 49–52

system and challenges

, 57

system − status in 2010

defusing, debriefing and army chaplain

, 57–58

gaps in system, challenges

, 62–64

psychological effects and physical injuries

, 58–62

selection and preparation

, 57

Scandinavian countries

, 1–2

Schizophrenia

, 153

Sedatives

, 158

Self-assessed physical injuries

, 88

Self-assessed psychological and physical problems

, 93–96

Self-assessed psychological damage

, 90

Self-assessed social relationships

, 8

Self-development

, 47

Self-oriented gain

, 116

Self-oriented motivations

, 109–110, 116–118

Self-selection and screening

, 20

Seniority

, 76–77

Sense of satisfaction

, 47

SFOR

, 24

Sleeping tablets

, 158

Smoking, veterans

, 101–105

Social background variables

, 116

Social relationships and health

support services

, 99–100

veterans

different groups of

, 97–98

and general population

, 97

morbidity

, 98–99

Socio-demographic background

, 16

Socio-demographic characteristics

, 5, 144–145

Socio-economic status

, 36

Soldiers before and during deployments

backgrounds before deployment

, 28–31

criminality among first-timers

, 37–40

educational background and intelligence test results

, 31–33

income and socio-economic status

, 33–37

missions and number of deployments, types

, 24–28

repatriated, wounded and killed soldiers

, 41–43

Soldiers deployment

, 150

Specific personality disorders

, 153

Standard mortality rate (SMR)

, 181

Statistics Denmark

, 5, 13–14, 28, 43, 79

Stress syndromes

, 28

Structuring variables

, 115

Substance abuse among the deployed, 1996-2010

, 164–166

medication purchase

, 165

mental problems

, 165–166

Supplementary variables

, 115

describing self-oriented

, 118, 119

Support programmes to relatives

, 61–62

Technical volunteers

, 74

Telephone interviews

, 15

Test and logistical regressions

, 20–21

Three-year (K3) contract

, 67

True volunteers

, 74

UNCRO

, 24

Unemployment

, 36

UNPROFOR

, 24, 151, 157

Unskilled and blue-collar employees

, 37

Veterans’

civilian status of

, 69

contract type and employment status

, 74

demographic profile

, 66–72

deployed soldiers’ ages

, 67

deployments number

, 66

different groups of

, 97–98, 99

drug and alcohol consumption

, 101–105

educational level

, 75–77

educational status of

, 75–77

family relationships of

, 68–70

in former Yugoslavia

, 86–87

and general population

, 97, 98–99

with health problems

, 63–64

housing conditions of

, 71

male

, 97, 98

mental health

, 141

morbidity

, 98–99

occupations after service

, 78, 79

in service

, 87

with several deployments

, 91

smoking habits

, 7, 101–105

upbringing

, 71–72

volunteer status on entry

, 74, 75

Vietnam war

, 175, 184

Violent crimes

, 38, 39, 138

Vocational training

, 6

Voluntary participation

, 47

Volunteering for military service

, 74–75

Work after military

, 78–79

Workers’ Compensation Insurance system

, 61

Work-related illnesses

, 166

Work-related injuries

, 10, 141, 166–169

and occupational disease

, 166–169

registered at FAEK

, 171

World War II

, 175

Wounds causes

, 41, 42

Yugoslavia

, 10