Index
Mixed-Race in the US and UK: Comparing the Past, Present, and Future
ISBN: 978-1-78769-554-2, eISBN: 978-1-78769-553-5
Publication date: 22 November 2019
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
Sims, J.P. and Njaka, C.L. (2019), "Index", Mixed-Race in the US and UK: Comparing the Past, Present, and Future (Critical Mixed Race Studies), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 143-148. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78769-553-520191011
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2020 Jennifer Patrice Sims and Chinelo L. Njaka
INDEX
Accent
, 90
Adoption
, 12, 59, 87
Africa
, 16, 26, 38n19
African
, 13, 16
enslavement
, 4
African American
, 13
American (US)
, 10, 74, 89, 105
American Indian or Alaska Native
, 13, 19–20
Anderson, Elijah
, 72–73
Anglo-Saxon
, 38
Anonymity
, 7, 106, 117
Anti-Black racism
, 70, 85–86
Arab
, 14, 18n31, 105
Archie Harrison Mountbatten-Windsor
, 103
Asian or Asian British
, 16, 26
Any other Asian Background
, 16
Asian
, 4, 13, 16, 25–26, 31, 38, 45, 106
Association of Multi-Ethnic Americans
, 118
Attractiveness
, 97, 100
Baker, Danny
, 103
BBC (see British Broadcasting Corporation)
Biracial (see Mixed-race)
Biracial Family Network
, 118
Black
, 29–39
or African American
, 13, 20, 34, 88
Any other Black Background
, 26
or Black British African
, 16, 18n31
or Black British Caribbean
, 47n19
community
, 88, 96, 98, 101
Blackness
, 98–99
Black Sexual Politics (2004)
, 97
Black Studies
, 97
Blasian
, 9
Blood quantum/quanta
, 23, 45, 89
Bodywork
, 119
Bratter, Jenifer
, 80–81
Brazil
, 3, 6, 69, 79
Brexit/UK referendum to leave the European Union
, 109
British
empire
, 94
Isles
, 4, 39
identity as
, 36n17, 37
Royal Family
, 79, 103
Bourdieu, Pierre
, 127
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
, 103
Brunsma, David
, 29
Bullock, Jungmiwha Suk
, 4, 19–21, 23–24, 45, 59n26
Bullying
, 97, 99
Capital
, 11, 67n9
Carey, Mariah
, 35
Caribbean
, 16, 19, 22, 26, 47n19, 103–104
Categories
Ethnicity
, 14–16, 18, 25, 32, 47n19
Race
, 4–5, 14, 17–18, 21–25, 29, 45–46, 49, 52, 59, 106
Cazeneva, Noel
, 71
Census
2000 and 2001 cycle
, 17–19, 24–25
2010 and 2011 cycle
, 18, 24
2020 and 2021 cycle
, 105–106
citizenship question
, 106
undercount, differential
, 106
Civil society
, 6–8, 6–8, 10, 12, 23–25, 39, 41–63, 65, 104–105, 108–113, 115–118, 125–126, 129
Civil Society Organisations (CSOs)
, 7, 10, 23–25, 39, 41–63, 65, 104–105, 108–113, 115–118, 125–126, 129
Children
, 8, 46–47, 51–54, 77, 79–90, 103, 107
Chinese
, 16, 18n31, 31, 94
Coding
, 15–16, 115–116, 122–123
Colonialism
, 39
Colourblind ideology
, 2, 57–58, 62, 85
Colourism/shad(e)ism
, 86, 90, 97, 100
Collins, Patricia Hill
, 97–98
Comparative analytical approach
, 4–5, 8–9, 108, 123, 126, 129
Cosmopolitan canopy
, 72–73
Creole
, 82, 99
Critical discourse analysis (CDA)
, 7
Critical Mixed Race Studies (CMRS)
, 2–4, 10, 52, 93
Culture
, 33, 37, 48, 50–52, 56–58, 87–90
Dabiri, Emma
, 85
DaCosta, Kimberly McClain
, 42–43
Dating
, 67n9, 69, 79–81, 88, 96
Demographics
, 3, 11, 21, 33, 47, 104
Deterding, Nicole
, 122
Discrimination
, 14, 33, 57, 108
Diversity
of cities/regions
, 39
racial/ethnic
, 52, 97
Dikötter, Frank
, 5–6
Discourse analysis
, 7
Dress (including clothing)
, 50
Doing difference
, 5
Doing gender
, 97
Doing race
, 5, 7, 94, 98, 108
Don’t Touch My Hair (2019)
, 85
Double minority
, 31, 107
Du Bois, W.E.B.
, 6, 105
Duke and Duchess of Sussex
, 79, 103
Duggan, Mark
, 86
Elam, Michele
, 3, 42–43
Engineering/Engineers
, 96, 98
England
, 10, 12n6, 16, 18n31, 19, 37, 47n19
Eritrean culture
, 88
Essed, Philomena
, 3, 43–44
Essentialism
Biological
, 60
Cultural
, 98–99
Racial/Ethnic
, 23, 36n17, 59n26
Ethnic dilution
, 88–89, 91
Ethnic options
, 16, 29
Ethnographic research
, 99–100
Europe
, 13, 73
Exotic
, 95–96
Experimental research
, 68
Facebook
, 118–119
Facet methodology
, 7
Family resemblance
, 83–87, 90
Fanon, Frantz
, 2, 6, 8, 99
Femininity
Black
, 96
hegemonic
, 99
within peer groups
, 96–97
Feminism
, 96–98
Flexible ethnicities
, 29
Fluidity
, 8, 27, 52, 107
Forever foreigners
, 38, 66
Foucault, Michel
, 114
Framework analysis
, 7
Friendships
, 77, 96
Food
, 87
Gans, Herbert J.
, 14
Gaze
, 2, 8, 66, 69, 71–73, 75
Gender
and identity
, 95–96, 99
and racism
, 11, 73, 96–97, 100
Genotype
, 44–45, 81, 83
Geography
, 25, 39
Glaser, Barney G.
, 123
Global Mixed Race (2014)
, 3
Globalisation of mixedness
, 2
Goldberg, David Theo
, 3, 5–6, 35, 44, 58
Goth
, 97
Grounded theory
, 122–123
Guardian, The
, 33n8, 79
Hafu
, 9
Hair
Afrocentric
, 84–85, 90
Eurocentric
, 85, 99
perception of Black/African
, 35
policing
, 85
Hapa
, 9, 95
Heredity
, 44–45
Heritage
dual
, 48
mixed
, 48
Hernández, Tanya
, 6, 33, 107
Heteronormativity
, 9, 93
Heterosexual matrix
, 76n32, 96–97, 100
Hispanic/Latino
, 13–14, 21, 32n7, 44–45, 88, 106
Holtzclaw, Daniel
, 4, 107
Hypodescent
, 4, 25, 33, 35–36, 45, 53–54, 98
Identity
choice
, 29
definitions of
, 29
right to
, 43
Immigration
, 4, 14, 38–39, 73
In-depth interviews
, 7–9, 81, 109, 117–118, 120, 122–125
India and Indian
, 1, 13, 20, 31, 51, 57
Insider, research positionality
, 126–127
Institutional racism
, 84–87
Intermix
, 118
International Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Mixedness and Mixing (2012)
, 3
Intersectionality
, 93n2
Interviewing, as a research method
, 9
Interview guide
, 80n6
IPride
, 118
Jamaica
, 37
Jewish
, 14, 106
Joseph-Salisbury, Remi
, 2, 3, 6, 74, 85, 96–97
Kenya
, 74
Khanna, Nikki
, 7, 35, 82, 98–99
Laszloffy, Tracey
, 99
Latino/Hispanic (see Hispanic/Latino)
LGBTQIA
, 10, 91, 93–94, 96, 101
Linguistic racial accommodation
, 71–72
Linguistic racial confrontation
, 72, 75
Linguistic racial norms
, 8
“Looking Deathworthy”
, 86
London
, 1, 35, 37–38, 54
Love
, 57–58, 79, 82, 91
Mahtani, Minelle
, 3, 104, 106–107
Malevolent border patrolling
, 34–35, 37
Manager
, 34, 67–68
Marginalisation
, 94–95
Marriage
, 77
Markle, Meghan
, 4, 79
“Mark one or more”
census format
, 30, 32
race
, 18, 103
Martin, Trayvon
, 86
Masculinity
, 97–98, 100
Black
, 96, 98
hegemonic
, 97
hyper-
, 98
within peer groups
, 97
McAdam, Doug
, 43
Media
, 5, 42, 101, 105
Mexicans
, 38
Microaggressions
, 107
Middle Eastern and North African
, 106
Mills, Melinda
, 6, 7, 34–35, 65–67, 71
Mixed or Mixed/Multiple ethnic
, 18–19
Any other Mixed/Multiple ethnic background
, 18, 103
White and Asian
, 18–20, 31
White and Black African
, 18–19, 103–104
White and Black Caribbean
, 18–19, 22, 103–104
Mixed-Race
, 1–10, 19–25, 29–39, 103–107
census categories
, 14, 27–28
civil society organisations
, 41–61
identity
, 7–8, 17, 23, 29–39, 47, 76, 98, 104
multigenerational
, 52–54
project
, 44, 110
solidarity
, 8, 75–77
terminology
, 9–10
Mixedness
, 2–4, 6, 8, 17, 24–25, 39, 42, 47, 50, 52, 54, 58, 61–63, 65–77, 104, 107
attractiveness
, 97, 100
discourses on
, 59
exotic
, 66, 95–96
friendship/peer groups and
, 77
Monk, Ellis
, 86
Mulatto
, 17–18, 32
Multigenerational
racialised mixture
, 47–48
mixedness
, 52
mixed-race
, 52–54
Multiplicity
, 21
Multiracial (see Mixed-race)
Multiracial Americans of Southern California
, 118
Multiracial movement
, 46
Multiracial Parents: Mixed families, generational change, and the future of race (2017)
, 8
Nanny
, 83
Nationality
, 8, 26, 30, 33, 36, 38, 69, 104
Native American
, 2, 13n9, 30, 38, 53, 88–89
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
, 13, 20, 106
“Nigger moment”
, 73
Njaka, Chinelo L.
, 7, 19, 42
NVivo
, 122
Octoroon
, 18, 32
Office for National Statistics (ONS)
, 4n23, 11
Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
, 10–11
One-drop rule
, 4, 8, 30, 33–36, 105
Omi, Michael
, 1n1, 2n5, 4, 4n24, 5n27, 5n28, 12, 43n6, 43n7
Oppression
, 9, 72, 79, 95, 97, 107
Optional ethnicity
, 14
Other ethnic group
, 16, 18, 106
Any other ethnic group
, 18
Arab
, 18
Outsider, research positionality
, 124–126
Paragg, Jillian
, 2, 8, 65–67, 71, 73
Performativity
, 71
Peers/Peer group
, 34, 36, 90, 96–97, 99–100, 108
People In Harmony
, 118
Pew Research Center
, 20n43, 26n59, 32n7, 93n1
Phenotype
, 16, 44–45, 47, 49–51, 81, 83, 90
Physical features
, 2, 84, 90
cheek bones
, 2
eyes
, 2
nose
, 2
skin
, 2
Post-racial resilience
, 74
PowWow
, 87
Prince Harry
, 79
Psychology
, 29
Puerto Rico
, 3
Queer(ing)
, 7, 9–10, 93–101
Quadroon
, 17–18, 32
Race-Critical theory
, 3, 108, 118
Racial ambiguity/racially ambiguous
, 7, 34, 66, 83, 87, 95n17
Racial borders
, 11
Racial compliments
, 70
Racial formation theory
, 4–5, 7, 12, 93, 104, 110
Racial hierarchies
, 99–100, 104
Racial inequalities
, 5
Racial isolation
, 57, 95
Racial order
, 18
Racial paradigms
, 41–61
biological
, 44, 46–50, 56, 62
common sense
, 43
everyday
, 7–8, 63, 65
lay
, 44
post-race
, 44, 56, 58–61
(pseudo-)scientific
, 44
social constructionist
, 44–46, 48
Racial perception
, 5, 68, 82
Racial projects
, 12, 43–44, 93, 110
Racialisation
, 4–5, 7, 16, 22–23, 26, 35, 47, 52, 54, 56–58, 61, 104, 108
Racialised physical features
, 2, 84, 90
Racism
, 5–6, 49–51, 82, 87, 89–90, 96, 100
Racism Without Racists 2018 (2003)
, 69
Race
, 5, 12–17, 44–61
Alone
, 23–25
Alone or in Combination
, 23–25
Race and Sexuality (2018)
, 93
Rape
, 83, 93
Relethford, John H.
, 44–45
Relational analytic approach
, 4, 6, 8–9, 108, 123, 126, 129
Representation
, 11n3, 34, 42, 47, 94
Rice, Tamir
, 86
Rockquemore, Kerry Ann
, 29, 98–99
Roma/Romany Gypsy
, 106n8
Rosebud Sioux
, 88–89
Sampling
, 33, 38, 67, 70, 75, 82–85, 87–89, 94–96, 99–100
Scientific racism
, 5–6
Scott, Naomi
, 4, 49
Second World War (see World War II)
Semantic moves
, 69
Semi-structured interviews
, 7, 110, 113–115, 117–118
Sexuality (see also Queer)
, 90, 93–98, 100
asexual
, 10, 99
bi bi girls
, 95, 97
bisexual
, 10, 95
gay
, 10, 84, 95–100
heterosexual
, 7, 76, 91, 93–100
lesbian
, 10, 94–96, 99
pansexual
, 94–95
straight
, 99–100
Sexual racism
, 89, 96, 100
Sikh
, 106
Sims, Jennifer Patrice
, 2, 7–9, 32, 35, 65–67, 69, 72, 73, 76, 79–82, 85–89, 95–97, 99
Slavery
, 39, 55n23, 93–94
Small, Stephen
, 108
Snowball sampling
, 119
Socialisation
, 2, 26, 53, 87, 89, 91
Social justice
, 33, 108
Social Movement
, 43
Social psychology
, 29
Sociology
, 29
Somali
, 106
Some Other Race
, 13, 19–20
Song, Miri
, 2, 108
South Africa
, 3, 6
Spanish
, 13–14, 38, 88
“Special Relationship” between US and UK
, 3–4
Sri Lankan
, 36, 71
Status
, 12, 22, 51, 67–68, 73, 104
Stereotype
, 74
Stockstill, Casey
, 34
Strauss, Anselm
, 123
Symbolic ethnicity
, 14, 89
Symbolism
, 2
Thind, Bhagat Singh
, 4
Three-Fifths Compromise
, 13n9
Thompson, Beverly
, 74, 94–95, 97
Transatlanticity of mixedness
, 2
Trump, Donald
, 38
Twitter
, 79
Two or More races
, 9, 18–25, 46, 106
United Kingdom (UK)
, 10
census
, 12n6, 16–18, 25, 30, 32, 33n8, 43, 47
ethnic categories
, 23, 25
history
, 12–17
national identity
, 36–39
one-drop rule
, 33–36
race/ethnicity questions
, 36–39
racial categories
, 4, 9, 23
United States (US)
, 10, 59, 62, 87
census
, 11–16, 18–19, 22, 24–27, 29, 32, 42, 45–46, 59, 62, 81, 106
ethnic categories
, 13n12, 15, 18n31
history
, 12–17
national identity
, 36–39
one-drop rule
, 33–36
race/ethnicity questions
, 36–39
racial categories
, 4, 9, 18, 46, 59
US Census Bureau
, 11, 13, 13n11, 18, 22, 25, 45–46, 59, 62, 106, 110, 115, 126
Waters, Mary
, 2, 11, 14, 17, 29
Welsh
, 36
“What are you?”/“Where are you from?”
, 1–2, 8, 35, 65–66, 68–70, 73–77, 108, 118–119, 128
Winant, Howard
, 1n1, 2n5, 2, 4, 4n24, 5n27, 5n28, 12, 43n6, 43n7
White
Any other White background
, 16
English/Welsh/Scottish/Northern Irish/British
, 36
Gypsy or Irish Traveller
, 106n8
Irish
, 22
White fragility
, 71–72
White supremacy
, 85, 103
Whiteness
, 32, 50, 53, 65
World War II
, 38
Yorkshire
, 35, 37
Zimmerman, George
, 86, 97
- Prelims
- Chapter 1: Introduction: The Past, Present, and Future of Mixed-Race People in the United States and United Kingdom
- Chapter 2: Creating Mixed-Race: The Census in the US and the UK
- Chapter 3: Black, British Asian, Mixed-Race, or Jedi: Mixed-Race Identity in the US and UK
- Chapter 4: Mixed-Race Civil Society: Racial Paradigms and Mixed-Race (Re)production in the US and UK
- Chapter 5: “Sometimes It’s the First Thing People Ask”: Daily Experiences of Mixedness in the US and UK
- Chapter 6: “Yes, Girl, Yes. I Want Babies”: Mixed-Race Families Generation After Generation
- Chapter 7: Queering Critical Mixed Race Studies
- Chapter 8: Conclusion: Creating and Comparing a Mixed-Race Future
- Methodological Appendix
- References
- Index