Case studies

Anika, a new manager, is confronted by a dysfunctional organizational culture characterized by employee disrespect, insubordination, and low performance. Her charge is to “to turn the place around”. The case takes place in a service organization, a testing range run by the US Department of Defense. The staff is a combination of federal and contract employees who test clients’ high-tech systems in a sometimes dangerous, desert environment.

In addition, there are three vignettes that give a portrait of dysfunctional individual behaviors. Frequently, the response students want to make is “I'd just fire the guy.” Unfortunately, it is not so simple.

Specializing in local, organic meat and produce, Retail Relay developed a new business model for online grocery shopping and delivery. Having succeeded in the small market of Charlottesville, Virginia, it was considering expanding to other, larger markets. This case focuses on customer lifetime value analysis and how this analysis, when paired with previous experience with consumer promotions, can guide thinking in developing the best strategies and tactics for entering new markets.

This case describes the journey of Karson as he transitions from female to male. Throughout his life, Karson experiences a great deal of anxiety trying to reconcile his identity with the expectations of society. The anxiety inherent in this situation is described in order to get the reader to more fully empathize with the issues faced by transgender individuals. The case then focuses on issues specific to the workplace as Karson begins his career with a counseling agency and experiences several instances of discriminatory behavior.

Business Administration (Marketing).

MBA.

Although it has become fashionable to talk about how things business are changing at a nanosecond pace owing to hyper-competition, disruptive technologies and empowered consumers; the real change has been based on digital revolution and management of information. Most of the new introductions are entering a phase of facelessness from being innovative within a year of their appearance; whereas, as per one estimate, the breakeven volume is achieved after three years. This puts insurmountable financial pressure on marketing companies. In order to remain ahead of competition, they are introducing more and more new products in growth areas. In this paradoxical, complex situation; a reputed marketer in the pharmaceutical arena like Artichem entered a maturing market of Omeprazole whereas growth areas like Lansoprazole, Pantoprazole and Esomeprazole were still open to them. Did they make a mistake? Was it a bad idea to embark upon? Should they go for introducing new molecules even after a successful launch in the same segment?

The student shall be able to: explain the term “positioning” and shall be able to explain why he should go ahead with introducing a brand in an existing and maturing product category; explain the term “product life-cycle” and shall be able to take rational decision in the midst of pressing circumstances to manage a new product in a likely to decline market; and explain the term “new product development” and shall be able to apply the theories of new product development for brand success.

Nil.

Marketing strategy, product positioning, brand building, and economies of scope.

MBA groups, marketing consultants and business management students of undergraduate and postgraduate level.

Abhishek Industries Limited (ABIL) is an entrepreneurial venture of Mr Abhishek Batra that came into being in 1993. ABIL is the leading supplier of Terry Towels to some of world's leading retailers including Wal-Mart, JC Penney and Sears. In spite of some business fluctuations, ABIL has an impressive performance record that is reflected in its financial data. The concern, however, is that of product commoditisation, since established foreign importers and distributors prefer to sell the products under their own brand name. Consequently, even though the export margins may be lucrative; the lack of a brand presence is what bothers the senior management of the company. Given an optimistic domestic business scenario, the senior management is once again evaluating the odds to enter the domestic market using its own brand name. While some of the younger managers are optimistic and want ABIL to emerge as a brand, some senior colleagues are unsure.

The student's skills will be sharpened in working through a problem; it will help the students take an active role of a thinker, analyser, evaluator, decider and implementer; it will assist the students in learning to reason with the given quantitative as well as qualitative data; it will help the students think critically and reason effectively; it will make the students realize that the emphasis is not on solution. Rather, the process of arriving at a solution is more important.

Teaching note.

Ethical Entrepreneurship; Internationalization of small and medium enterprises (SMEs).

Bachelor and Master courses in International Management and Entrepreneurship.

A German medical scientist developed a product which was able to absorb alcohol in blood and consequently reduced the alcohol-level. He tested it with the participation of 170 volunteers at a private party. The product was consumed after alcohol consumption and the result was an alcohol reduction by 20-70 per cent. In addition, the volunteers had either no or only small symptoms of a hangover. The students shall discuss the different business models the medical scientist could implement by taking into account ethical issues. To give them necessary working data, the case includes European environmental data (including information about the European food industry and the functional drink market), an insight into the European legal issues of starting a business in the food segment (including definitions of “food”, “food supplement” and “health claim regulation” and how these factors impact entrepreneurial decisions), current events in the European food branch and examples of possible competitors. The case is built on a real product development and on current information and facts.

To become involved with entrepreneurial thinking and entrepreneurial decision-making. To debate ethical issues in the entrepreneurial process. To become aware of the complexity of internationalization in the field of SME as well as to reflect upon and sketch appropriate strategies.

Teaching note.

International marketing, distribution channel management, market entry, strategic management.

Masters level management students and executives specializing in distribution channel management. This case can also be applied to Masters level analysis of strategic marketing.

The case examines BBMCI, a wholly owned subsidiary of a multinational making an entry in the Indian consumer appliances market. The focus of the case is the distribution aspect of the market entry strategy, its formulation and implementation.

The key learning objective is to evaluate distribution channel design and monitoring mechanisms. The case examines the linkage of distribution strategy formulation and the implementation challenges in a large and internationally extended sales organization. The key takeaway would be the need to change the distribution strategy as the organization's position in market evolves.

Teaching note.

Entrepreneurship, management and emerging markets.

Undergraduate and Graduate courses in Entrepreneurship, Managing in Developing Countries/Emerging Markets, Small Business Management, Social Entrepreneurship, International Business

IntEnt is a business incubator that provides training and other support services to nascent entrepreneurs, helping turn their investment ideas into successful business ventures. But IntEnt focuses on a unique clientele: diasporas, or migrants and their descendants, who dream of establishing a new venture back in their country of origin.The incubator is well known and respected by policymakers and migrants alike. Despite these successes, Mr Molenaar has struggled to grow and diversify IntEnt's funding base. He also is under increasing pressure from the foundation's stakeholders to define and measure the foundation's performance. But Molenaar is committed to expanding IntEnt's operations and continue to bridge the divide between diaspora investment interest and action.

To understand and describe the financial-, human-, and social-capital challenges faced by transnational diaspora business ventures during the business development and launch phase.To explain how business incubators can provide solutions to the specific, unique problems that transnational diaspora entrepreneurs face, particularly in emerging markets. To discuss the governance challenges associated with operating a transnational business venture as well as those of an incubator aimed to support transnational entrepreneurship.

Teaching note.

Social entrepreneurship, sustainable development and emerging economies.

Advanced undergraduate students and Graduate students (MBAs).

We present the case of Marli Medeiros, a community leader in the city of Porto Alegre (south of Brazil) who has been working with the local government, local firms and local inhabitants over the last 40 years to build an organization that has been changing the reality of the slum Vila Pinto. The case highlights three main dilemmas faced by Marli Medeiros. Part 1 addresses whether to start a social entrepreneurship project in an environment surrounded by household violence and drug influences. Part 2 examines how to organize a community to develop this social project and challenge the context (local drug dealers). Part 3 considers how to work with different social players to innovate and manage a self-sustained social entrepreneurship that brings social change for an impoverished community.

Understand the five main characteristics required by social entrepreneurs to achieve social change by economic, self-sustained activities: social vision, sustainability guidelines, social networks development, search for innovation and search for financial returns. Understand the social entrepreneurship model from the point of view of a female leader in a local impoverished community. Understand and analyze the social and economic context of an emerging country.

Teaching note.

Leadership development, career planning and management, management of start-ups, construction industry in India.

Post graduate management courses, executive training programs/modules in leadership development; organizational culture and construction management.

This case illustrates the shortcomings of both the management and leadership at a start-up business within a growing industry. The rapidly growing construction equipment manufacture and renting activity in India and the lack of structure, systems and resources characteristic of start-ups are complicated more by the fact that Itsun Heavy Industry India Pvt. Ltd (IHIIPL) was in India while its head quarter was in China. In exploring the diverse human, organizational and operational problems shadowing IHIIPL and their causes, students cannot only diagnose what went wrong and why for Dilip, but also sense how he could have handled these issues more effectively.

Dilip's case cautions managers against issues common to many industries and organizations and students will examine: self assessment and career choices: the case raises question of the gap between what was needed at IHIIPL and what skills and qualities Dilip brought to the job; leadership and leadership challenge: the case raises question of what kind of attitudes and actions constitute effective leadership; and managing the company performance for a start-up: Dilip faced a constant stream of operating problems: lack of procedures and systems, a non-supportive headquarter in China, inexperienced staff, shortages of resources and material and internal conflicts.

Teaching note.